CH6A Chemistry Revision for test 2 by Chris Jurgens https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba You will be given a topic to 'flesh out' . Do this then check what the rest of the class have done with their topic and add/correct as appropriate. en-us 2019-04-25 22:21:54 UTC 2025-11-14 20:19:22 UTC hello@padlet.com scusa, non voglio farlo oggi https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354342336 2019-04-26 03:56:48 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354342336 Metallic Bonding https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354342738 is only between metal elements. As the metals are typically in groups 1, 2 & 3 in the periodic table, they are trying to lose the extra electrons in their valance shell to get either a full outer shell or and outer shell of 8. Since they are losing their electrons, they have  positive charge. ]]> 2019-04-26 04:01:23 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354342738 Delocalised electrons https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354342741 Delocalised electrons are electrons the in a metallic bond that are free to move though a whole lattice structure. The electrons in a metallic bond are known as a sea of electrons. The picture below is showing how the delocalised electrons are always moving around the elements. ]]> 2019-04-26 04:01:25 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354342741 reasons for low melting/boiling points jam00113 https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354342753 covalent compounds usually have low melting points and low boiling points as they have weak attraction forces between the molecules (intermolecular) which means less energy is needed to break the force of the bonding. 


]]> 2019-04-26 04:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354342753 Shapes of Molecules wat00202 https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354342780 -Linear
-Bent
-Triangular Pyramid 
-Trigonal Planar
-V-shape
-Tetrahedral 

The reason for the shapes of the molecules, is because of the electron clouds and the electrons pushing away to get as far away from other electrons as possible ]]> 2019-04-26 04:01:53 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354342780 Formation of ions https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354342891 Ions are formed when atoms lose or gain electrons in order to achieve the octet rule and have full outer shell.
Cations are positively charged meaning they lost electrons and anions are negatively charged meaning they gained electrons.
Eg:
- Fluorine gains 1 to become F-
- Boron loses 3 to become B3+]]> 2019-04-26 04:03:03 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354342891 How to use the table of common ions https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354342893 The table shows the symbol of the ions and the charge (positive or negative)]]> 2019-04-26 04:03:07 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354342893 SIngle, Double and Tri dan0033 https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354343032 2019-04-26 04:04:50 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354343032 Single, Double and Triple Covalent Bonds dan0033 https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354343035 Covalent bonds are bonds that are between non-metal elements because they're both LOVERS of electrons and therefore resort to sharing electrons.  
A double covalent bond is when there are two electron pairs are shared and a triple bond is where three electron pairs are shared   ]]> 2019-04-26 04:04:51 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354343035 Naming Molecules https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354343067 2019-04-26 04:05:09 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354343067 Naming Molecules! https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354343069
Rule One: the element with the lower group is written first in the name, the element with the higher group number  goes second. 
*exception: when the compound contains oxygen and a halogen, the name of the halogen is the first word in the name. 

Rule Two: If both the elements are the same group, the element with the higher period number goes first. 

Rule 3: the second element is the name is name as is were an anion, by adding the suffix- ide to the name of the element. 

Rule 4: A prefix is used in front of each element name to indicate how many atoms of that element are present. 

1-mono
2-dix
3-tri
4-tetra
5-penta
6-hexa
7-hepta
8-octo
9-nono
10-deca

*exception: if there is only one of the first element, the prefix for one is dropped. 



]]> 2019-04-26 04:05:10 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354343069 Properties of metals https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354343074 General properties of most metals:
  • Solid at room temperature (expect Mercury)
  • High melting point
  • Good heat and electricity conductors
  • Malleable
  • Ductile
  • Strong
  • Dense
Why are metals strong???
The atoms in a pure metal are tightly packed together in a lattice structure which enables the layers of metal ions slide over each other preventing the structure from shattering.which in turn makes the metals strong.

Why are metals Ductile and Malleable?
Because the metal ions slide over each other whilst the 'electron sea' glues them together.

Why are metals good heat and electricity conductors?
The outer valence electrons become delocalised so they are able to move around the structure freely between the lattice of positive metal ions.. When the metal is heated the delocalised electrons gain kinetic energy which makes them move faster and allows the transfer of energy through the metal.

]]> 2019-04-26 04:05:14 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354343074 Ionic Bonding- Metal and non - metal (cation and anion) https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354343119 An ionic bond is formed between a metal and a non-metal. Non-metals(-ve ion) are "stronger" than the metal(+ve ion) and can get electrons very easily from the metal. These two opposite ions attract each other and form the ionic bond.
Examples: Sodium chloride (NaCl), Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4 )

]]> 2019-04-26 04:05:43 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354343119 Bonding and Non-bonding Pairs https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354343168 a bonding pair represents the pair of electrons in the valence shell being shared in a covalent bond. Non-bonding pairs represent the valence electron pairs in an atom not being shared in the bond. #lonerz

]]> 2019-04-26 04:06:14 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354343168 Covalent Bonding: Non- metal and non- metal https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354343551 Non- metals are lovers of electrons, therefore they need to gain electrons to reach stability rather than lose electrons. Covalent bonding is when two atoms share electron pair(s). This happens with non- metals only because they both need to gain more electrons to complete the octet rule.]]> 2019-04-26 04:09:56 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354343551 Polarity and Dipole-Dipole Interactions wat0024 https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354343818 Molecular dipoles occur when there is an uneven spread of electrons making one side of the molecule slightly positive and the other side slightly negative. Permanent dipoles occur when molecules have very different electronegativities. One atom attracts the electrons more than the other meaning that one side is slightly negative and the other side is slightly positive. Molecules that have a permanent dipole-dipole interaction are called polar molecules. ]]> 2019-04-26 04:12:26 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354343818 wat00202 https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354344404 2019-04-26 04:18:28 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354344404 Ionic Bonding: Chemical Formulas https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354345692 When writing a chemical formula, the cation comes first, followed by the anion. This is because ]]> 2019-04-26 04:29:54 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354345692 Properties of ionic compounds https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354345847
  • Hard.
  • Form crystal lattices not molecules.
  • Good insulators.
  • High melting points/ Boiling Points.
  • Conduct electricity when dissolved in water or as a liquid.
  • Solids do not conduct electricity.

    • ]]>     2019-04-26 04:31:09 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354345847     Ionic Compounds- Naming ionic compounds https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354346259 An ionic compound is named first by its cation and then by its anion. The cation has the same name as its element. For example, K+1 is called the potassium ion, just as K is called the potassium atom. The anion is named by taking the elemental name, removing the ending, and adding “ide.” or “ite”  or “ate” ]]> 2019-04-26 04:34:42 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354346259 wat0024 https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354347117 2019-04-26 04:43:13 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354347117 Reasons for high melting/boiling points dan0033 https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354347660  The reason for the high melting and boiling temperatures is the hydrogen bonding between water molecules that causes them to stick together and to resist being pulled apart which is what happens when ice melts and water boils to become a gas. ]]> 2019-04-26 04:49:36 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354347660 buongiorno https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354347769 2019-04-26 04:50:32 UTC https://padlet.com/01531338/uyojsgpopaba/wish/354347769