Firstly, one of the biggest advantages of AI is that it helps to increase productivity. AI can complete repetitive or boring tasks quickly and with fewer mistakes than humans. For example, in offices, AI software can help sort emails, manage schedules, or analyze data, allowing workers to focus on more creative or complex tasks. In factories, robots powered by AI can work 24/7, producing goods more efficiently and safely. This increase in productivity helps companies save time and money.

Moreover, AI also plays a major role in the development of key sectors. For instance, in education, AI tools can give students personalized learning experiences, diverse sources of information as well as helping them study in ways that suit their needs. Teachers can also use AI to check homework or give feedback more quickly and accurately. In transportation, AI helps improve traffic systems and is used in self-driving vehicles, which can reduce accidents and traffic jams. In business, AI supports marketing, customer service, and decision-making. For example, companies use AI to understand customer behavior and create better products.

However, there are also concerns about overreliance on AI. If people overuse Artificial Intelligence (AI) , they may lose important skills like problem-solving and critical thinking. Some might stop learning how to do things because they expect AI to do everything for them. Students will wait until the deadlines come and wait for ChatGPT to finish their homework for them. Another issue is that AI could replace human workers, leading to job loss in some industries which can eventually make them become the burdens of the society. While new jobs may also be created, not everyone will be ready or trained for them. This can lead to social and economic problems.

In conclusion, AI has numerous positive effects to human life especially in enhancing our life quality. It helps us to improve productivity in work, helps develop in various and different aspects such as education, healthcare, transportation, etc. Although AI brings to us plenty of advantages, overusing and overreliance on AI can make us to lose vital skills like problem-solving, critical thinking and creativity. It is crucial to use AI to help us, not to replace human thinking, creativity, and responsibility.

Firstly, Artificial Intelligence has been known to generate human-like responses to a high standard. AI robots like ChatGPT are often trained by many people to cover as many topics as the user may ask. For this reason, those AI robots often excel in generating responses. Since they are trained by real humans, the AI robots often generate human-related responses, depending on how the AI was trained. Overall, Artificial Intelligence has been excellent at generating responses.

Secondly, AI can help people with their wellbeing. Like mentioned earlier, AI robots often are trained by many people, and they often will have feelings depending on whether it was trained to understand people's emotions or not. In addition, most robots can help people just by supplying where the people can talk to if they need support. Overall, AI has been helpful towards people's wellbeing.

Finally, although AI has many benefits, AI also has several drawbacks. Firstly, like humans, AI can make mistakes, and sometimes the robot is not made to learn from previous mistakes, leading to repeated future mistakes. Possible reasons are where people put in a prompt that AI is unable to recognise, and often this causes AI to guess. However, guesses are often incorrect, and even if the AI guesses correctly, it may guess incorrectly again later. Therefore, while AI is a helpful tool, AI can also make mistakes just like humans.

In conclusion, AI has many positive effects to human life, but if it is overused, AI can guess and will often make a lot of mistakes. AI can help generate human-like responses quickly and also help with wellbeing. However, if AI is used incorrectly (such as writing essays), AI may not be very helpful. Overall, there are many positive but also negative effects that AI has to human life.

Write an essay about this topic

W2: 7/5

Give your comments and feedback on their essay

Firstly, education can support future generations. Education is the key to financial success. During a job interview, an employer may ask for the employee's academic results to determine whether this job may be appropriate for the employee. For example, working at NASA requires knowledge on mathematics and science. Most of the time, higher academic results nationwide can result in better pay. However, high academic results will often either require going to an expensive school or hiring a tutor, meaning exceptional academic results often can only be obtained from well-paid parents. This will mean if he or she succeeds academically, he or she can get paid enough for the children in the future to have successful academic achievement.

Secondly, education is key into using academic skills in the real world and in the future. While easy education material are obvious, they are still crucial to remember as they shape the majority of future education. This means that if he or she fails to learn the basics, he or she will struggle to learn future material. In addition, the knowledge is crucial for real-world applications. Most of the time, the situation is based on payment. Without knowing financial terminology such as interest, tax, or payment, he or she will fail to understand the concept of financial actions such as loan, purchase, or sell. Overall, education, especially in early years, is crucial in future education and real-world applications.

Finally, the requirement to pay for schools is often unfair, as poorer countries are unable to get the education that is sufficient for scholarship, which again, results in better jobs and better pay. Most of the time, state governments have responsibility in education, which also means they need an appropriate price for school. However, sometimes they make schools too expensive, and most of the time, further payments are required to go to off-site activities and to hire people for in-site activities. Payment, either in wages or a salary, also does go up, but the raises are too small to keep up with inflation for many of the activities relating to education. If governments instead make some schools free, poor children are able to get decent education, allowing the children to get up to speed with the required material.

Overall, education is a right for everyone as it gives many benefits. Education is the key to well-paid jobs to support future generations and is crucial for real-world applications. Finally, everyone deserves to learn the necessary material rather than being lagged behind. To ensure everyone is happy in their learning, government action is imperative.

First of all, education improves personal development and self-confidence. According to the University of Phoenix, education is vital in personal growth because when people are able to access education, they gain knowledge and skills that empower them. They learn how to understand things around them, solve problems, and express their ideas effectively. This not only helps them in their careers but also in their personal lives. Education gives people the confidence to pursue their goals, make informed decisions, and participate fully in society. In result, it helps people to make efforts to be the best version of themselves as well as foster the community to grow stronger.
Secondly, education plays a crucial role in helping reduce inequality. In societies, there are significant differences between the rich and the poor. According to the International Monetary Fund, education can help to level the playing field by giving everyone the same opportunities, which is knowledge and skills. Then, it will partly be more equall for everyone regardless of their family background to participate with others.

Additionally, offering everyone the same opportunity to learn will promote critical thinking about global issues such as climate change, human rights, public health. Education helps people to understand these complex issues, which is essential for analyzing information and create their own pepsective. It also teaches them how to communicate their ideas and work with others to find suitable solutions. This is extremely essential for creating a more informed and engaged global community that can address these challenges effectively.

In conclusion, education shouldn’t be a privilege for only the rich one, it’s a basic human right that everyone deserves. It has the power to change lives, lift up communities, and even shape a better future for the whole world. When we invest in education and break down the barriers that keep so many people from learning, we’re taking real steps toward more equal and more hopeful world for everyone

Firstly, providing everyone access to education helps create an even playing field. In societies where there are big differences between rich and poor, education makes a massive contribution towards struggling people. It allows people from poor and harsh backgrounds to improve their lives and make a difference to society. Moreover, when everyone can learn, there won't be any more inequality and poverty.

Secondly, education is essential for economic growth. Countries with high literacy rates and excellent education systems often have a stable and growing economy. Individuals who are equipped with vast knowledge are offered high-paying jobs and can adapt more easily to changes in the job market. By investing in good education, not only are the nations providing their citizens with a better future, they are also giving them an opportunity to help develop their country.

Finally, education is essential for developing peace and helping people understand each other. Our world is often divided by culture, religion, or politics, but education can bring everyone around the world together. It teaches us to be respectful and kind towards others. School and universities don't just teach facts, they also help their students mindsets so that they would develop to respectful people.

Overall, everyone should have education. It is a right for every living person, not an opinion. Without education, societies would crumble and there wouldn't be any discoveries or inventions. When we provide people with education, we not only give them an opportunity in life, but also build a brighter and more prosperous future for all.

Give your friends peer feedback on their education essay and respond to the feedback you received.

Artificial Intelligence has been used to generate ideas for humans. As humans progress, more work will be needed to be done in a smaller time frame. This can cause excessive pressure on humans as they often need to generate an idea for a solution. Artificial Intelligence models can save people's time because it can remove the human's workload, so AI can generate ideas while the person is working on it. As a result, they can get more time to refine results before submitting. AI has also been helping with people who only do things for fun. Most of the time, it is making something, and AI is very useful in helping. Although AI cannot physically help people making things, it can be useful to generate ideas when people are bored.

AI can also be harmful in other cases. One example is overreliance on using it. Sometimes, AI can be incorrectly trained, causing it to misunderstand and make mistakes. If the user reduces the number of questions he or she asks, he or she could avoid the risk of AI making mistakes. AI is often misused to do homework for students when the questions are too hard. However, if the student uses AI to save them, he or she could risk failing as he or she could put in an incorrect answer without realising it. In comparison, creativity never has an incorrect answer, so AI can be helpful in that way. Overall, sometimes AI could make mistakes, so misuse of AI such as ChatGPT and Gemini could result in making mistakes in homework, which causes failing, demotion, and confusion.

The development of AI could possible take over jobs that do not require physical work in a few years. Some examples of this issue is mainly based on writing. As AI gets trained to keep itself perfect, it will be able to write a book perfectly in the near future. This could mean that people will rely on AI instead of humans to do jobs, meaning that humans will lose their jobs and possibly not get paid. In contrast, jobs that require physical work are less likely to be taken over by AI. This is because these robots consume more natural resources to make body parts, making it harder to make. After that, engineers must be able to program so that the robots can move their limbs correctly. This means that human-shaped AI is less likely to be made, meaning that physical jobs do not get taken over as easily.

Overall, AI has been changing the ways people live. Most of the time, the impact is positive, but sometimes, the effect is negative, such as making mistakes and taking over other people's jobs. However, people could use it to spark creativity, making a positive impact. It is unknown when AI will reach its end.

Firstly, for individuals, AI can make daily tasks easier and more efficient to complete. For example, when there are house chores that needs to be done, robots could replace humans and help them out with their work.

AI also helps us to discover information, learn new things, and even stay healthy. An individual could ask an AI assistant, like Chatgpt, about something they don't know. Moreover, AI tools in healthcare can diagnose diseases quicker for the doctors.

Secondly, AI also has a huge impact on society as well. AI impacts society by improving public systems and services. It helps manage traffic, roads, and improve farming which makes businesses more efficient. For example, an AI system could controll the traffic lights and roads so that there wouldn't be any traffic jams. AI also improves farms by watering plants on the right time and caring for the animals.

Although there are a lot of benefits about AI, there are also the downsides. Firstly, AI could lead to job losses. As AI advances, basics jobs like being a taxi driver or an accountant will soon be overtaken by AI. Secondly, your information might get stolen. Cyberhackers can easily gain access to your personal information in just a few lines of codes, which are made by AI. Thirdly, AI generated stuff could lead to false information. As more and more AI videos, media appear, people can't differentiate which news is true and which is false.

In conclusion, AI has the power to reform and reshape our lives. It can make tasks easier and more efficient, but it also comes with risks. People must use AI correctly so that everyone could benefit from it. By using AI correctly, we can shape a better future for all.

Firstly, smartphones do not require film to be purchased or inserted. Instead, once a picture is taken, it gets saved to the phone's memory. This takes much less time than printing the photograph. This has allowed people to take as many photos as necessary without having to pay when there is a mistake. While the only limitation is the memory of the phone, it can easily be bypassed by erasing the bad photos. In comparison, cameras require film, and when there is a mistake made when shooting, more film is needed to fix it as it can get very messy when a camera tries to overwrite the film. This costs more money. Overall, while memory is a limitation smartphones have but cameras don't, it is much easier to fix mistakes on a smartphone than a camera.

Secondly, smartphones have enabled people to upload photos on social media, making it a lot easier. In the past, the only way to display media is by pasting the photos on books. If a photo needs to be added somewhere else, the exact same shot needs to be retaken. In the present, photos can be uploaded on social media for free, as there is no need to buy books. When a photo is uploaded, it still remains in the device's memory, so it can be reuploaded as many times as needed. In addition, photos can be duplicated, so if a perfect shot gets deleted, there can be a backup. Cameras often do not have filters, unlike smartphones, so editing the photos will require drawing on top of the film. This means that if he or she makes a mistake, the exact same photo needs to be retaken. In comparison, smartphones often have the "Undo" button when he or she makes a mistake, so there is no need to retake photos.

Now that smartphones have made photography significantly easier, there have been over 14 trillion photos, with over 60,000 being taken every second. Most of the time, these photos get uploaded on social media, crowding the platform with photos. An average person takes approximately six photos per week, meaning that it is extremely difficult to get any of the six photos on social media if over 60,000 get uploaded every second. Even popular photographers now struggle to maintain their fame as there are hundreds of photos taken for every photo he or she takes. This often means that no-one can go viral for long. In comparison, it is harder to put a photo in a journal than to upload on social media, making photojournalists maintain their fame as only several photos get taken for every one he or she takes. Overall, the smartphone invention has destroyed fame on many people.

Overall, while smartphones have made photography easier, such as saving money on buying film and saving time and effort uploading on social media, the ease of making photos has buried many people's fame down the bottom. It will be anyone's prediction on who the next famous person is.

On the one hand, the rise of citizen journalists using smartphones has democratized and increased news immediacy . Nearly instantaneous recording and sharing of events, from breaking events to routine occurrences. News spreads more quickly than ever before thanks to this rapid transmission, which is also gets by the gatekeepers of traditional media and provides unvarnished, unmistakable views into developing stories. Plus, by enabling regular people to record events from plenty of viewpoints, this accessibility opens the news-gathering process and fills in gaps that professional journalists may overlook or underestimate. More accountability is also promoted since occurrences that might otherwise go unreported can be captured on camera and went rival, compelling authorities and organizations to act.

However, there are also some certain significant disadvantages to the growth of amateur news photography. The lack of professional training and ethical considerations for citizen journalists is one of the primary problems. Amateurs may not adhere to journalistic standards like privacy, evidence, or any requirements at all. When photos are posted out of context, incorrectly recognized, or even digitally altered, it can result in significant problems with accuracy and verification and aid in the spread of misinformation. It is difficult for the public and traditional media outlets to confirm the reliability and honesty of sources due to the overwhelming amount of user-generated material.

In conclusion, the situation of regular people to use their smartphones to function as amateur news photographers is a great  conflicting tool. Unquestionably, it has improved news reporting's speed, reach, and democratic character, but it has also brought forth new ethical, accurate, privacy, and safety issues. It is becoming more and more important for both the content producers and the users to develop media literacy, evaluate the information they come across critically, and comprehend the significant obligations that accompany using such a potent instrument as this situation develops.

In conclusion, the ability of regular people to use their smartphones to function as amateur news photographers is a great yet conflicting tool. It has definitely made news reporting faster, more widespread, and more democratic, but it has also raised new questions about ethics, accuracy, privacy, and safety. As this phenomenon grows, it's becoming more and more vital for both content creators and users to learn how to use media responsibly, think critically about the material they come across, and understand the big responsibilities that come with using such a powerful tool.

One extremely major advantage about news photograpy is the speed with which events can be captured. Since most people carry smartphones nowadays, it's easier to take photos or record videos of breaking news events before professional journalists can arrive at the scene. This allows crucial news to be shared in real time, often bringing it to the public and authorities faster than traditional methods.

Another benefit is wider coverage. The ability of millions of people to take pictures at any time leads to better detection of events that would otherwise remain unreported. The increased awareness of both local and global issues results from this development. Amateur videos showing social injustices have become essential for starting important public dialogues which have resulted in policy transformations. Through this technology people gain power because it provides them with a means to express themselves. In addition, citizen photography allows people in areas with limited media freedom to show the truth and distribute it worldwide. These images serve as influential instruments which drive social transformation in various situations.

However, there are drawbacks too. One of the greatest concerns is the absence of accuracy and context. Amateur photographers might not know the entire story about what they are photographing. This could result in misinformation, particularly when images are relayed with no background information or are removed from context. Privacy is another problem. Those who have been photographed or videotaped might not have agreed to being recorded, and this could pose ethical along with legal issues. Sensitive cases, like victims of violence or accidents, need to be treated with respect, but citizen photographers might not have such responsibilities in mind. Additionally, smartphone photography could spell the death of professional journalism. When media rely excessively on user-generated content, it can reduce the demand for professional photographers who bring expertise, ethics, and experience to the job. It can compromise the quality and credibility of news in the long term.

In conclusion, smartphones allow virtually everyone to become a photographer and a photo journalist, which enhances the speed, variety, and public participation in the journalism world. Unfortunately, the merits of these changes come with challenges such as false information, breach of privacy, and lowered professionalism. To cope better with these changes, users together with media organizations need to harness the new technology within appropriate boundaries.

Refer to the points you have made in the mind-map in class

One of the most obvious actions uneducated victims tend to do is to respond back negatively. While this may sound like a protective response, it is actually what the bully wants, only to further bully the victim. Once this happens, the bully could report to a staff member about the event, using protective lies to stop them from getting in trouble. If the bully does not do that, he or she will often respond with a response strong enough so that the victim cannot respond any stronger. Overall, wars have been created just because of bullying.

Another action that victims with more common sense tend to do is to tell a staff member. After many bullies finding out that they have been told by someone else, they decided to place an end by making a quick rhyme called "Snitches get stitches." While this is not necessarily correct, it was made to make sure the bullies did not get in further trouble. At first the victims thought it was just an empty threat, but the bullies made it real by bullying the victims who told to a staff member so that the victim cannot tell anyone about it again. This is unlike the first point where the bullies get to report the victims because the victims are not strong enough to stop the bullies.

Given all the "rules" bullies made to protect themselves, the victims feel defenceless. There is no way to protect themselves without getting into further trouble, so the only best way to protect themselves is by staying at home. Most of the time, homes have locks and security cameras if burglars manage to enter. The cameras will notify the police, which could end the "Snitches get stitches" situation, as the police can ensure this does not happen. However, there have been drawbacks to it, mainly because this has brought more friends to become bullies. By seeking shelter inside the house, the victim's friends will often be waiting until they get frustrated. The friends do not know that he or she is trying to keep safe, so the friends stop becoming friends and become more bullies instead. Overall, protection may be a logical way to avoid being bullied, but it only brings more bullies and more isolation.

Overall, bullying has been a real issue around the world. Although bullies think, "We're friends. This is definitely okay to you." the victims actually do not like the situation. Eventually, the discomfort has caused victims to negatively respond, tell staff members and isolate themselves for protection.

One of the most recognizable effects of bullying is the emotional damage it causes to the victim. The person being bullied becomes sad, anxious, and withdrawn. They start losing confidence in themselves and gain low self-esteem. In severe cases, bullying may lead to anxiety, depression, or even self-injury or suicidal thoughts. These mental disorders can follow a person into adulthood, affecting their relationships, education, and work life.

Bullying can also hurt someone physically. The victim might not be able to sleep, get stomach pains or headaches, or skip school because they don't want to get bullied. This stress in itself can lower the body's immune system, so the victim is more likely to become ill. If the students are skipping school regularly, it can impact their grades and success.

Even the bullies themselves are harmed in the long run. Research says that bullies are more likely to develop school problems, relationship problems, and problems with the law. If their behavior is not fixed, they can become adults who believe it's acceptable to harm others in order to obtain what they desire. This can create a cycle of abusive behavior that persists into adulthood.

In conclusion, bullying is not a harmless aspect of growing up, it has serious impacts on individuals' lives. It influences victims' mental and physical well-being and causes long-term issues for bullies. To end bullying, we need to all be kind, speak up, and stand up for each other. A world without bullies is a world where everyone can feel safe, valued, and accepted.

Structure (sample):

• Lesson 2: mistakes (quotes, explain) -> corrections

• ....

• ....

• Too wordy ("positively and negatively", it is explained later in the paragraph, and therefore is too wordy) -> Artificial Intelligence has been affecting people's lives significantly.

• Also too wordy ("However, sometimes Artificial Intelligence is misused, and that results in AI providing incorrect answers for a certain topic.", it could be fixed into something else.) -> "However, misuse of Artificial Intelligence could bring back negative responses.

Lesson 2 mistakes:

Not mentioned.

Lesson 3 mistakes:

• Wrong pronoun ("...it is making something..." should refer to people)-> "he or she is making something"

• Parallel structure ("... which causes failing, demotion, and confusion.", they don't have parallel structure (v-ing, n, n). ) -> Which causes failure, demotion, and confusion.

Lesson 4 mistakes:

• Too harsh (just a small mistake) ("... has destroyed fame ...", could be less harsh) -> "has wiped fame"

Lesson 5 mistakes:

• Overuse of the word "victims" ("...victims...", too many.) -> "...targets..." (We don't replace all of them, we replace some of them)

Homework 2 mistakes:

-       Reapeating the word “basic” ("Education can change lives and has a great influence on the world. While there are some certain challenges, I believe that basic education should be a basic right for everyone, as it improves personal development, reduces inequality, and promotes critical thinking about global issues." => “Education can change … I believe that fundamental education should be a basic right for everyone, …”)

-       Redundancy (“There are some certain challenges.”; “some” and “certain” delivers similar meaning => “While some challenges exist”)

Homework 3 mistakes:

Homework 4 mistakes:

-       Redundancy (“However, there are also some certain significant disadvantages to the growth of amateur news photography.”; “some” and “certain” delivers similar meaning => “However, there are also certain significant disadvantages”)

Homework 5 mistakes:

-       Spelling mistake (“The resason is because …” => “The reason is because …” be more careful next time)

-       Wordiness (“Secondly, when people who have been bullied themselves, they start to bully others. The resason is because after experiencing the pain of being the victim, some individuals started bullying others to feel safe and powerful.” => “Secondly, individuals who have been bullied often begin to bully others. After experiencing the pain of victimization, some do so to feel safe and powerful.")

Minh: Phieu's outline (having a job)

Phieu: Ngoc's outline (voting right)

Ngoc: Minh's outline (posting private story)

Please include all the points made or your friends, you can make slight changes, but not too much on the general outline.

Use your own words and explanation, if possible.

Firstly, a job provides income for daily needs. For example, people need money to buy food, water, and shelter. If money did not exist, people are tempted to steal other people's resources. In addition, a career can help support friends and families and it also plans for the future. Overall, a job can provide money for daily needs.

Secondly, a career can provide a purpose and grow themselves as individuals. The point of having a job is to make people feel proud and satisfied for themselves. In addition, jobs give people a chance to learn new skills and improve in their field. Overall, jobs can grow people as individuals.

Finally, jobs can help society grow and function properly. For example, workers build, help, teach, protect, serve and many other helpful actions to serve others. The increased workforce can keep the economy running. This can allow a job to prosper.

Overall, having a job is crucial for survival, personal meaning, and help in society. Choosing the right job can lead to happiness and a better future for individuals.

Firstly, the ability to vote is a basic human right, essential to the dignity and equality of every individual. Just like the rights to freedom of speech and thought, people also have the right to choose who represents them in government. This right gives every person, no matter their status or background, the power to take part in changing the laws and leaders that affect their daily lives.

Secondly, having the right to vote encourages participation. It motivates citizens to stay informed about political issues, candidates, and government decisions. As people learn more about what is happening in their country, they become more responsible and active members of society.

Lastly, a fair and accessible voting system is crucial for building trust between citizens and their government. When people believe their votes are counted accurately and fairly, they are more likely to trust the results and feel that the system works for everyone. This trust helps keep a democracy strong and stable.

In conclusion, voting is an essential human right that supports equality and justice in society. It is more than just a responsibility, rather it is a powerful way to create positive change, promote social responsibility, and build trust in our political system.

The first reason why people post private information on social media is because they want to seek attention. People sometimes want to be seen by other people and be heard about what is happening in their perspective. Simply posting everyday updates might not be enough to stand out in a crowded feed. To capture the spotlight among plenty of people, some resort to revealing more personal information, such as where they live, how much money they have, or details about their relationships. The attraction of incentives with online popularity like gaining followeres, being the brand ambassador, creating an extra income source, … makes the temptation to share more private information can become almost irresistible.

Secondly, peer pressure is also a factor which at the end can potentially lead to sharing and posting private information online. People naturally like to showcase the positive aspects of their lives and their achievements, often without paying much attention to what others are doing. However, when they see and reading about the accomplishments and “perfect lives” of their peers online, it can create a sense of competition or also being known as peer pressure. They want fame by revealling the deep secrets that few people know and getting people to wait for the suprises.

Additionally, the compelling urge to expose secrets also plays a role in why private information goes public. People like to reveal dark secrets where few people would find out, basically because this rewards the people who found the secrets. This act can feel like a reward for those who discover the secret, creating a sense of shared knowledge and cirousity among their followers. As the information spread widely, the reach and impact of this information increased. The positive feedback loop can encourage individuals to continue this pattern of sharing.

To conclude, the decision to reveal private information on social media is driven by a complex mix of factors, including the fundamental human need for attention, peer pressure exerted by online communities, and the unique appeal of exposing hidden truths. While digital platforms offer incredible opportunities for connection and self-expression, they also blur the lines of what should remain personal. To truly maintain one's private life, individuals must exercise greater discretion, otherwise, the very concept of "private" information becomes meaningless.

- Đọc trước nội dung bài học writing buổi sau (comparison essay).

Reading Comprehension:

Part A. 1. b; 2. c; 3. a; 4. c; 5. d

Part B. 1. b; 2. a; 3. a; 4. b; 5. b

Reading Skill:

Part A. 1. P, M; 2. S; 3. M, P; 4. S; 5. P, M

Part B. 1. as black as the night sky; 2. some even have a dimmer switch; 3. it would be like trying to swim through syrup; 4. looking like meteors; 5. the water is part of the sky, and you are paddling through the stars.

Critical Thinking (I can't complete the 1st critical thinking question because it requires a partner, so I'll do the 2nd one instead):

As bright as a lightbulb, like a whirlwind of energy, as fast as a lightning bolt,... Vocabulary Practice:

Part A. 1. ritual; 2. prominent; 3. bounces; 4. absurd

Part B. 1. breed; 2. commence; 3. undergo; 4. harsh; 5. noble; 6. evolution

Part C. 1. stability; 2. reliable; 3. hostile; 4. mobility.

You can choose block method or point-by-point method.

Firstly, private schools have a difference in cost compared to public schools. Private schools are considered to be more expensive than public schools. This is mainly because private schools need to pay for operational facilities, more staff, and specialised programs. These features allow students to enjoy the learning environment and work more productively. In contrast, public schools often do not have the facilities. This makes them cheaper, but it does not allow students to work productively. However, productivity is not much of an issue as the standard of education is lower. In addition, rather than paying the specialised programs for the entire year, people have to pay for a program before it happens. This ensures that all students do not feel uncomfortable during the programs.

Secondly, private schools allow students to improve their future more than public schools. This is because private schools have a higher education standard, allowing students to have a better job. In private schools, students tend to learn content in a harder, but less rigorous way, to stretch students' minds. In contrast, public schools do not have the education standard of private schools. Instead of learning harder content, teachers tend to do lots of revision tasks to consolidate learning before moving onwards, which often takes a lot of time. In other words, the content learnt is rigorous. Overall, private schools use their extra time to learn further content rather than excessive revision.

Finally, private schools often have lots of facilities to support students in their schoolwork and wellbeing, as well as their engagement. Most of the time, private schools have facilities that make it significantly easier to study in the facility. Some facility examples are libraries and study rooms, as they tend to be quiet. In comparison, public schools often do not have the facilities of a private school, making it harder to study. The difficulty studying is the fact that humans tend to pay attention to loud noises, breaking their concentration. Overall, private schools support students' schoolwork with facilities.

In summary, private schools differ from public schools in many ways. Private schools tend to be more expensive and harder than public schools, but the price pays off with supporting facilities. In addition, students who study in private schools can help their children to study, as they often earn more money. This allows their descendants to enjoy a happy life.

First, public and private schools differ greatly in cost. Public schools are supported by the government, so the tuition fees are much lower or sometimes free. Parents usually pay only small fees for uniforms, books, and basic school activities. In contrast, private schools receive no government support and charge high school fees. Some private schools in big cities charge millions of Vietnamese dong each month, making them more suitable for wealthy families.

Second, the teaching quality in public and private schools are also different. Public school teachers are often experienced and trained by the government, but their lessons may focus too much on exam results and grades. Meanwhile, private schools often use modern teaching techniques such as interactive learning or bilingual programs. They also tend to have smaller class sizes, allowing teachers to give more attention to each individual student.

Lastly, public and private schools vary in terms of facilities. Many public schools, especially in rural areas, have old buildings and limited facilities like outdated computers or libraries. On the other hand, private schools usually have modern resources, including air-conditioned classrooms, science labs, and sports areas. These better facilities can make learning more comfortable and enjoyable for students.

In conclusion, both public and private schools in Vietnam offer different experiences for students. Public schools are way more affordable and widely available for everyone, while private schools provide more modern teaching and better learning environments. The right choice depends on a family’s financial situation and the kind of education they want for their children.

Firstly, the most obvious difference between private schools and public schools is about their cost. Public schools are usually funded by the government which offer free or low cost education. In contrast, private schools rely on donations and private funding which resulted in private schools offering better resources and learning opportunities. However, this comes at a cost, as private school fees can be significantly higher than public schools.

Another significant difference is the academic standards required for each option. As public schools are funded by the government, they typically follow the national common programme chosen by the government. While this creates uniformity, it can sometimes lack adaptability or innovation in education. However, private schools are usually aligning with international standards, especially learning English. This globally programme helps students to be more well prepared for higher education and future careers.

Finally, the class size and the teacher’s attention to the students is also an element of a high quality of education. In public schools, due to the limited resources, they often have larger class sizes which can eventually limit the individualised attention, making it harder for the teachers to provide specific needs for every student. On the other hand, private schools usually have smaller class sizes which allows more personalised learning and support. Teachers can easily focus on each student to help them learn effectively.

Overall, deciding between public and private schools in Vietnam includes a consideration of financial conditions and desired learning outcomes. Public schools offer an accessible, standardized education rooted in the national common programme, typically within larger class settings. Private schools, while requiring a larger financial investment, provide enhanced resources, diverse international programme, and more personalized attention through smaller class sizes. Both systems are crucial in the Vietnamese education system and the choie depends on the conditions and needs of each family and student.

You should use comparative connectors and complex sentences that we have learnt.

You can choose between block organisation and point-by-point organisation.

Lifestyles are different when comparing between individualism and collectivism. Individualistic people often focus on personal freedom, independence, competition, and self-fulfillment, with temporary relationships based on individual choice. These people make decisions to prioritise personal goals. In short, these people aim to obtain what they want. On the contrary, collectivism values group harmony, interdependence, social responsibility, and conformity. Relationships are often based on social roles and duties, and any decisions are made to consider the impact on the group. In short, these people aim for the best for the entire group.

Individualists and collectivists also differ in impacts. Both individualists and collectivists impact positively and negatively, but their impacts still differ. Individualism leaves positive impacts such as self-reliance, personal achievement, and innovation, and it encourages individual expression and creativity. This leads to a stronger sense of personal responsibility. However, it can lead to social isolation and a lack of support, which results in increased stress and anxiety due to pressure. Individualists also worsen in social behaviour. On the other hand, collectivists foster strong social bonds and a sense of belonging, promoting co-operation and teamwork and support. However, this may stifle individual expression and creativity and create pressure to conform to group norms. Overall, individualism and collectivism both have their positive and negative impacts.

Finally, individualism and collectivism have some main characteristics for people. Individualists are independent and autonomous, emphasising on individual needs and desires. They are individual-centred, and they are driven by personal goals and aspiraions. They aim for personal interests and hobbies, as well as problem-solving to learn strategies. However, collectivists are interdependent and they emphasise on group needs, and therefore is group-centred. They are driven by group needs and expectations and consider group dynamics. They aim to seek social support.

Overall, individualism and collectivism are different in many ways. Three of them are characteristics, impacts, and lifestyles of the people. Choosing either one is never right or wrong.

Firstly, the most obvious difference is in their lifestyle. Individualism is defined as an ideaology and social outlook that emphaiszes the importance of the individual. It values personal freedom, self-expression, and the pursuit of individual goals and aspirations. In individualistic societies, individuals are usually encouraged to think independently and to prioritize their own needs and desires. Meanwhile, collectivism prioritizes a group over each individual in it. It values ​​interdependence, loyalty, cooperation and common interests for the whole group of people rather than just any individual. In collectivistic societies, individuals are expected to conform to group norms and to prioritize the needs of the collective over their own.

Secondly, due to the difference in the lifestyle between individualism and collectivism, their impacts are different as well. The individualistic lifestyle, with its emphasis on personal autonomy and self-directed pursuits, directly contributes to societal impacts such as rapid innovation and economic dynamism, as individuals are encourange to pursue unique ideas and compete in the workplace. But the same way of life, where people depend less on community support, can also make society more fragmented and people feel alone, which could lead to differences in wealth and access to resources. The collectivistic way of life, on the other hand, is characterized by close reliance on others and a constant focus on group harmony. This way of life naturally leads to strong community bonds and social safety nets, where helping each other is an important part of everyday life.

In conclusion, individualism encourages a way of life based on personal freedom, self-expression, and success. In contrast, collectivism encourages a way of life focused on community harmony, interdependence, and the well-being for everyone. These distinct approaches produce individuals with differing characteristics, from the self-reliant and assertive individualist to the loyal and cooperative collectivist. The ideas of individuality and collectivism have very different and deep effects on society. Despite having distinct differences, individualism and collectivism both play a vital role in society. Individuality promotes new ideas and personal freedom, while collectivism focuses on keeping society together and stable.

In conclusion, individualism and collectivism govern how individuals act in society. They influence personal goals, choices, and interactions with others. They enable us to value cultural diversity and interact better with individuals of diverse backgrounds.

• International travel vs Domestic travel

• Limbs (arms & legs) of humans and apes

• The surface of the ocean floor vs the surface of the continent

The surface of the ocean floor has many differences. Firstly, the ocean floor has a difference in crustal density. The ocean floor's surface is usually more dense. However, there is also a difference in thickness. The thickness of the ocean floor is usually 5 - 10 km. Finally, the difference in the presence of water is clear. Around the ocean floor, there is a lot of water. Overall, the surface of the ocean floor has lots of differences.

In comparison, the surface of the continent is clearly different. Usually, the continental crust is less dense. However, the continental crust is much thicker - at 30 - 70 km. In addition, there is not a lot of water around continental crusts. This means that the presence of water is usually a lot lower. In summary, the continental crust is thicker, less dense, and there is not a lot of water present around.

Overall, there are many differences between the continental crust and the crust of the ocean floor. The ocean floor has a much denser surface, but is thinner and there is a lot of water around. There are still many more differences between the ocean floor and the continent's surfaces.

Firstly, the most obvious differences between domestic travel and international travel are about preparation. International travel needs you to provide a passport, and sometimes a visa to enter other countries. This has resulted in the need for more paperwork and it can even take longer to get ready. In contrast, domestic travel is usually simpler. The advantage is that you don’t need a passport, which makes planning much easier.

The second difference between travelling within our own country and visiting others is the cost. Longer flights, potentially more expensive hotels and the need to exchange money make international trips often cost a lot. On the other hand, because domestic travel doesn’t need passports and planning is easier, it usually has lower cost as the travel distances are often shorter and you can use the same currency everywhere within your country.

Lastly, the difference in culture is also a huge difference between domestic and international travel. The biggest appeal of international travel is the chance to experience different cultures of different countries. This can make the trip an enriching epxerience, helping you to understand the work better and experience things from new perspectives. Discover new traditions, languages, and lifestyles is an estremely exciting part of travelling abroad. Even though you might not experience a huge cultural change like what international travel offers, domestic travel still lets you explore local culture, finding out unique regional foods, historical sites, and natural beauty within your own country. Its convenience and familiarity sometimes it is the thing that makes domestic travel a popular choice for shorter getaways.

In summary, choosing between international and domestic travel usually depends on what you're looking for, for instance your budget and how you want to feel. International travel while offers cultural learning and the excitement of the unknown things, comes with more costs and planning. Domestic travel, however, provides ease, affordability, and a chance to appreciate the variety in your own country. Both travel options have the same goal of making your life more enjoyable, expanding your mind and most importantly, creating unforgettable memories with your loved ones.

To begin with, the humans and the apes have four legs and four arms. Their four arms and four legs contain the same principal bones: the humerus, the radius, and the ulna in the arm, and the femur, the tibia, and the fibula in the lower leg. This indicates they originated from the same origin. Both the humans and the apes also contain hands with five fingers and feet with five toes. Their thumbs and first toes enable them to grasp onto objects. These body features come in handy for climbing, grasping items, or even walking.

In contrast, you notice sharp differences in the usage of body shapes and body parts. The ape's legs are very short in comparison to its arms, and this makes the ape swing from one tree to the next. The shoulder joints in the ape are quite loose, and they swing in various directions. These body traits allow the ape to move efficiently through the forest canopy, using its long arms and flexible shoulders to travel from branch to branch.

On the other hand, the legs of humans are longer than the humans' arms. The longer legs enable the humans to walk upright and run on both feet. The leg in the human is long and powerful, and the body is able to withstand its weight during standing and running on the ground. Monkeys and humans were many times similar in terms of limbs due to the same origin they were from. Yet they were quite different in how they adapted to environments they were in. Both of them have four similar-looking limbs, but the monkey has longer arm lengths to enable them to live in the forest canopy, and the human being has longer leg lengths to enable them to walk on the ground with two feet.

In conclusion, the variation in limb usage and length shows how apes and humans adapted differently to their environments. While they share a common origin, their bodies changed to match how they moved and lived. This highlights both their connection and their uniqueness as members of the primate family.

Part A. 1. b; 2. d; 3. a; 4. d; 5. a

Part B. 1. b; 2. d; 3. c

Vocabulary Practice: (Page 58)

Part A. 1. modified; 2. revolution; 3. allergic; 4. notwithstanding

Part B. 1. good; 2. a choice; 3. little; 4. the usual; 5. size; 6. smaller

Part C. 1. decline; 2. lessen; 3. reduce; 4. fade

A)

1. b

2. d

3. b

4. d

5. a

B)

1. b

2. d

3. c

Page 58

A)

1. modified

2. revolution

3. allergic

4. notwithstanding

B)

1. decline

2. lessen

3. reduce

4. fade

Write an essay to argue your stance.

Firstly, extracurricular activities are only considered practice. Students tend to work better in a familiar environments, as they already know how to deal with the situation. In contrast, unfamiliar questions can get the student thinking for more time. Most of the time, extracurricular activities base on a different curriculum, meaning that the student will face unfamiliar prompts when he or she comes to the school's assessments. Although the activities do allow students to work faster, it usually does not help towards academic grades.

Secondly, these activities are often irrelevant to the schoolwork and are only just extensions. As mentioned earlier, they are based on a different curriculum, so usually they only extend in the level of difficulty, but they don't extend on the content learned in class. In addition, these extensions do not help improve the student's grades. Instead, they only help students learn a difficult topic that is usually too hard to cover at school. In summary, extracurricular activities usually cover topics that are too hard to cover at school.

Some people argue that extracurricular activities do relate to schoolwork. However, as mentioned earlier, these are only extensions and even when it does relate to schoolwork, it is usually done several years ahead. Unless it needs to be used at least once every six months, the extracurricular activities often have no use into improving academic grades. Instead, they only give a hint into them. On the contrary, extracurricular activities can contribute to success if it is used frequently enough. As a result, extracurricular activities that don't have an application usually results in a waste of time.

Overall, extracurricular activities tend to contribute to a success more than academic grades, but it only usually works if applied frequently. This is because it does not support schoolwork, it only is just an extension, and it only helps people in the far future when they forget.

Firstly, extracurricular activities teach skills that ordinary school lessons don’t always cover. When students join clubs, sports teams, or volunteer groups, they understand how to work with others, communicate well, lead a team, and manage their time. For example, a student who leads a debate club learns how to organize ideas, speak clearly, and work with friends. These skills are often more useful in adult life than just remembering facts for tests.

Also, being involved in activities outside of class helps students become more confident and stronger. These activities can be harder and less planned than schoolwork, so students have to take charge and adjust to new situations. Acting in a play, organizing a charity event, or entering a science competition can push students to try new things and grow. This confidence helps them do better in school, interviews, and social situations.

Besides, extracurricular activities give students hands-on experience that school books won't provide. For example, a student who volunteers at a hospital learns more about medicine than from textbooks alone. These experiences help students find what they enjoy and decide on their future careers. On the other hand, grades only show how well a student does on tests, not how ready they are for life after school.

However, this doesn’t mean grades are not important. Grades are often used for getting into colleges or earning scholarships. But nowadays, colleges and employers want to see more than just good grades, they look for students who show creativity, leadership, and good character, which can be shown through extracurricular activities.

In conclusion, while grades are essential, extracurricular activities offer much more support to help students succeed. They develop students' confidence, give valuable experiences, and makes well-rounded people ready for the real world. So, extracurricular activities should be seen as a main part of a student’s success, not just something extra.

Firstly, extracurricular activities teach students crucial life skills that academic classes often do not. For instance, participating in sports, music or drama provides students opportunities to develop communication, cooperation, time management, leadership skills, responsibility, problem solving.... These soft skills are very important for success in life and in many careers. While good grades at school show that a student can study and pass exams, they don’t always show how well a student can work with others or solve real world problem.

Secondly, extracurricular activities help students build social network. When working together in extracurricular activities, students make friends and build strong relationships. These social connections are not just only good for mental health but can also potentially lead to more opportunities in the future. For instance, a new friend a student meets in a debate club could become a helpful contact later in life. In contrast, focusing only on grades may lead to isolation and stress, which scientists have shown that will affect a student’s well-being.

Some people might argue that academic grades are more important because they are necessary for entering good universities as well as getting scholarships. While it is true that grades are a huge part of college applications, many universities now look for and prioritize well-rounded students who also participate in activities outside the classroom.

In conclusion, while academic grades and achievements remains essential, it should not be the yardstick to measure a student’s success. A student’s success relies on many factors and extracurricular activities helps students to develop on those factors. They help students to develop vital life skills that academic classes often overlook and creating social networks that not only help them now but also in the future. Therefore, they play a more critical role in preparing students not just for exams, but for life outside the classroom.

Firstly, some people try to spread false information to hide scams or fraudulent activities. Most of the time, they send posts that look trustworthy. In addition, they can delete messages where people believe it's fake or disable chatting entirely. By doing so, they are trying to say that if the victim knows it's a scam, he or she is not allowed to say it. Sometimes, the main poster will spam comments on their alternate accounts talking about how it works perfectly to make it hard to show proof that the comment was deleted, so the police can assume that it is popular and the other comments are just overwritten.

Some people spread false information to encourage people to think that something happened when it actually didn't and vice versa. Most of the time, they spread information to their friends before finding people who easily fall for fake information. In addition, everyone has a point where they are unable to resist, so encouraging persistence is what main posters try to do to spread misinformation. Even though not everyone will become convinced with a statement, the larger the original community, the more likely people will be convinced by the "fact".

Finally, some people spread false information just to prank others. This time, however, they only spread it to trick others, not to destroy their financial position. These people tend to grow into scammers in the future, but they begin poor in this stage. Most of the time, prankers make it funnier when someone falls for a trick, usually either by repeating, making the person swear, or any method possible. Some people are stronger and are able to force a person to fall for a trick, also known as bullying. Other people can get a whole crowd to encourage the main victim to say it is legit to avoid being embarrassed by the crowd.

Overall, there are three main reasons that people share misinformation. Firstly, they can do it to get people to fall for scams. Secondly, they can encourage people to think about a fake fact, and finally, they can just use it to prank others. However, to ensure that this never happens to a victim, the victim should know just to accept their own opinion no matter how others influence him or her.

First, misinformation can mislead users and affect their decision-making. When individuals believe false information about topics like health, politics, or science, they may make poor choices in their daily lives. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, many people believed false claims about fake cures or vaccine dangers. As a result, some avoided medical treatment or spread the virus further, putting themselves and others at risk.

Second, constantly encountering misinformation can harm an individual's mental health. Conflicting stories and exaggerated claims often cause confusion, fear, and anxiety. Some people may feel overwhelmed by not knowing what to believe or who to trust. This can lead to stress, social withdrawal, or a deep sense of helplessness, especially when misinformation involves serious issues like safety, finances, or global events.

Lastly, misinformation can lead individuals to take harmful or extreme actions. When someone is convinced by false narratives such as conspiracy theories or hoaxes, they might act in ways that damage relationships, break laws, or put themselves in danger. There have been real cases where people committed violent acts or made life-changing decisions because they were misinformed online.

In conclusion, the spread of misinformation on social media can seriously affect individual users by leading to poor decisions, harming their mental health, and pushing them toward risky actions. To protect themselves, people must learn to think critically, check the sources of the information they read, and avoid spreading content unless it is verified and trustworthy.

For individual users, the most significant and damaging effect of misinformation is the poor decision-making. People's decisions and judgments are affected when they are exposed to false information. This can show up in a number of crucial areas such as choosing risky or ineffective medical treatments based on unverified claims, making bad financial decisions affected by hypothesis, or even casting votes based on false political narratives. Moreover, beyond specific decisions, the constant spreading misinformation on social media fosters a deep-seated distrust in traditional, reliable sources. News organizations and scientific research that were once considered authoritative are increasingly viewed with suspicion. This problem of trust leaves individuals in a state of confusion as they are controlled by the ones who spread wrong information.

For society, the spreading of misinformation can lead to an increase in violence and chaos. Since people don’t know which information is true and which is untrue, they will start to argue with each other. Additionally, if governments want to stop the spread of misinformation, they will have to spend more on fact checking and cybersecurity. More importantly companies are also at risk of the damaging effects of unfounded rumors and have the potential to seriously harm the companies’ reputation, which causes large financial losses and even causes businesses to fail.

In conclusion, the spread of false information on social media is a big threat to both individual freedom and the stability of society as a whole. The fact that it can make people less able to make reasonable decisions, lower trust in important events and cost a lot of money shows how important it is to deal with this complicated problem right away. To solve the problem, each individual should learn to double check every information they receive to ensure that the information they use is reliable. This way, we could minimize the negative effects of the spreading of misinformation.

Please include your stance in the thesis statement and counterargument paragraph to make sure you consider both sides.

Teenagers tend to be people who try to explore as many possibilities as possible. Sometimes, this involves taking big risks involving money and many other things. However, driving is not a thing where risks can be taken, as one small mistake can be life-threatening. People aged 15-24 tend to be the biggest risk-takers as they try to explore what can happen, and therefore are not responsible for unsupervised driving. Older adults, on the other hand, are more educated on how safe it is to drive and the possible consequences of not following safety rules. Therefore, young adults should not be trusted in driving independently.

These late-teens also do not take full responsibility on driving and usually have thoughts like, "It's not that serious. I can't die anyway." However, teenagers who think like that are underlooking the risks of what may happen. These teens instead prioritise on socialising with friends and don't take driving seriously. Older adults, on the other hand, are more capable of organising their responsibilities and understanding what needs attention. For this reason, they rarely talk on the phone, because they instead care about driving safely. In summary, young adults don't even care about what is happening with their safety, and therefore they can drive recklessly without knowing.

Some people believe that teenagers can be better educated in driving. Without diving into this statement, it will appear correct. However, there are drawbacks, and better educating young adults may not always solve the problems. The first main reason is with the adolescents' capability to store knowledge. These people usually have smaller brains than adults, but they also are used to prioritise on entertainment and schoolwork. In addition, older adults tend to be capable of concentration without resentment. in comparison, young adults often complain that the learning environment is too boring or too long and they demand many factors. Overall, although educating young adults can have a small effect, it is usually not worth the effort.

In summary, there are three main factors on why the legal age requirements need to be raised. Young adults are big risk takers, they tend to underlook problems that may happen and they are extremely hard to train. If teenagers could be a little more resilient and capable of training and concentrating, the legal age requirements may lower again.

Firstly, younger drivers often lack maturity which results in having a higher number of car crashes than other groups. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the risk of motor vehicle crashes is higher among teens ages 16–19 than among any other age group. Teen drivers in this age group have a fatal crash rate almost three times as high as drivers ages 20 and older per mile driven. The reason for this is not just that they are new drivers but because teenagers often take more risk and get distracted easily. As driving is crucial to pay attention all time and always be careful, a lot of young people are not used to this yet. Therefore, waiting until eighteen would give them more time to learn how to be responsible and consider the risk of what could happen on the road.

Secondly, teenagers often have less experience and make fewer comprehensive judgments. Driving is a complex task that gets easier with practice, so it takes time to learn how to handle unexpected things on the road, for instance, bad weather or other drivers making mistakes. When someone is new to driving, they might not make the best choices because they haven't seen these situations before in practice. Raising the driving age would give people more time to grow and improve their judgment before they start driving alone.

Some people might say that having a license at sixteen is very important for teenagers. It helps them get to jobs or school activities and most importantly, it gives them a feeling of independence. While this is true, the safety of the others on the road should be our first concern. There are other ways to get around such á using public transport, riding a bike or getting rides from family members. These options can still help teenagers be independent without putting themselves and others at risk.

To conclude, raising the minimum driving age to eighteen is an appropriate decision. It would help prevent accidents because young people would have more time to gain maturity and experience. This change would make our roads safer and lead to better decisions by new drivers.

Driving requires quick decision-making, emotional control, and responsibility. Scientific studies show that the human brain, particularly the prefrontal cortex responsible for decision-making and impulse control, is not fully developed until the 20s. This means younger teens may be more likely to take risks, such as speeding or texting while driving. Keeping the legal driving age at 18 helps ensure that drivers are more emotionally mature and capable of making safer choices.

Statistics reveal that younger drivers are involved in more traffic accidents than older drivers. For instance, in many countries, drivers aged 16–19 have the highest crash rates per kilometer driven. By ensuring drivers are at least 18, governments can reduce the number of fatal accidents involving young people.

Some argue that allowing teens to drive earlier gives them valuable experience and independence. They believe that with proper training, younger drivers can be just as safe as older ones, and starting earlier means they gain more years of practice. In rural areas, teens often need to drive to school or work because public transportation is limited.

While early experience may sound beneficial, it is not just about practice, it is about judgment. A younger driver’s inexperience combined with a low sense of responsibility increases the risk of reckless driving behavior. Instead of lowering the age, we can provide supervised driving programs and reliable public transport so that teens can travel without putting themselves and others at risk.

The freedom to drive is essential, but safety must always come first. Keeping the legal driving age at 18 or higher makes it so that drivers have greater decision-making choices, better judgment, and lower accident rates. By maintaining age restrictions, we protect young drivers and everyone who shares the road with them.

Present your stance on this matter and illustrate your points with explanation & examples.

Firstly, millionaires have the ability to devote their resources easily. This is because millionaires have a high net worth, and therefore are able to spend more money. In comparison, a person who cannot afford a home will difficulties to donate. Additionally, contributing to society does not help a person improve his or her chances of survival, so this is not a first priority. However, millionaires and richer people are able to afford almost everything they need, giving them a better ability to contribute to society than poorer people.

Secondly, since millionaires are rich, they generally do not need to work much. In contrast, poorer people need more work hours to ensure they are able to survive. For this reason, poorer people are usually unable to contribute to society frequently in large amounts. Millionaires, on the other hand, have enough spare time to be able to contribute to society rather than do completely nothing. For this reason, millionaires should be required to contribute more to society than other people.

From the previous point, people may argue that millionaires can use the spare time to relax instead of contribute to society. Without depth of knowledge, this may sound correct, but it actually only has a small impact. However, millionaires do not have infinite money, and relaxation will promote laziness. Even when he or she earns lots of money, there will be a time when he or she will need to get back to work. By this time, procrastination is very easy, and the ex-millionaire will struggle to survive. Instead of relaxing all day long, millionaires can contribute to society instead.

Overall, from the three points above, millionaires should be required to contribute more to society. This is because of their ability to devote resources, ability to spend time. Although millionaires would spend their time to relax, this can promote laziness and difficulty to start working again.

Firstly, millionaires own far more money than most people, so it is reasonable for them to take on a bigger responsibility. If everyone contributed the same amount, poor people would struggle while the rich would barely feel the difference. For example, progressive tax systems in many countries ask the wealthy to pay a higher percentage. This money is then used to build schools, roads, and hospitals, which improve life for the whole community.

Secondly, rich people are successful not only because of their own talent, but also because of the society around them. They rely on workers, markets, laws, and infrastructure to grow their businesses.

Since society supports their success, they should give back more. For instance, big companies often benefit from government services like transportation or internet systems, which are funded by taxpayers.

Finally, when millionaires contribute more, social problems can be reduced. A society with extreme inequality often faces anger, crime, and protests. However, if the rich donate to charities or invest in education and healthcare, everyone will have better chances in life. Famous billionaires such as Bill Gates have shown that using wealth to support global health projects can save millions of lives.

In conclusion, millionaires should be required to contribute more to society than other people. They have more ability to help, they owe much of their success to society, and their contributions can make life fairer and more stable for everyone.

First of all, millionaires usually earn far more money than they need for a comfortable life. While many families struggle to pay for food, education or healthcare, the wealthy can afford luxury houses, limited cars, rare jewelry and expensive holidays. If they contribute more, for example through higher taxes, society can use this money to improve schools, hospitals as well as public services. This change wouldn’t only reduce inequality in society but also give more people equal opportunities.

Secondly, millionaires often benefit from society’s resources to build their wealth. They use public roads, the legal system and the education system that trains their workers. Since they receive more advantages, it is fair that they also give more back. For instance, business owners can invest in community projects or create more scholarships for students. By this way, they help the society that once helped them.

However, some argue that millionaires already contribute to the society by creating jobs and paying taxes like everyone else. While this is true, their greater financial power also means they can make a bigger difference. Asking them to share a larger part of their wealth does not harm their lifestyle but it can change the lives of many poor people.

In conclusion, millionaires should contribute more to society than others because they have more ability, responsibility and the resources to do so. By giving more, they can help to reduce inequality and create a fairer community for everyone.

Minh: Should children be allowed to have full access to technology before the age of five?

Ngọc: Should couples be required to take parenting classes before having a chile?

Phiêu: You can choose between the two topics above

Firstly, toddlers' full access to technology will give them the ability to do whatever they want for however they want. However, technology is designed to have fun, and full access to technology can ruin the toddlers' physical health. From research, younger people are more likely to get myopic, which is that younger people can have difficulty seeing. In addition, toddlers can change any setting they want, and one problem is that they can disable red light, which means that toddlers can watch on their technology for hours without getting tired. By restricting the access to technology, such as by setting a limit of one hour a day, toddlers are less likely to have health issues.

Secondly, the toddlers do not know that there have been cyberbullies and scammers across the internet, which is part of having full access to technology. The issue with that is that the toddler is not fully educated about cybersecurity and what can happen, and by being irresponsible, he or she could fall for scams that are even the easiest to avoid. In addition, there could be cyberbullies, with their intent to ruin socialisation. As a result, toddlers could have a difficulty to avoid problems when he or she grows up. By restricting access to internet, toddlers will not have to face cybercriminals.

Finally, there is a lot of content out there that could be harmful to the toddler's brain. Toddlers are still learning, and they usually learn about what they see or hear. By giving toddlers full access to videos, part of full access to technology, they could think that brainrot, like "Chimpanzini Bananini" and "Ballerina Cappucina", is appropriate to use because of how it is used. As Gen Beta advances, more brainrot characters will enter the internet, intended only to get their owners popular. However, these characters are non-existent, and the toddlers will never meet the characters in any way. By restricting access to trusted videos, the toddlers could engage in learning properly, rather than learning things that are completely rubbish.

Overall, there are three main reasons for technology restriction or technology ban. Firstly, toddlers could ruin their physical health doing whatever they want. Secondly, toddlers could face harmful people that would not have to be faced if technology was restricted. Finally, technology can teach toddlers unnecessary information, like the rickroll. By using parental controls and taking responsibility, the child will learn to find age-appropriate things when they grow up.

First, overuse of technology at an early age is harmful to physical health. Staring at screens for long hours can cause eye strain, sleep problems, and even slower physical development since young children need active play to grow strong bones and muscles. Doctors recommend that children under five should spend more time moving, exploring, and playing outside rather than sitting still with devices. Giving them full access to screens at such a young age ignores these essential health needs.

Second, unrestricted technology use can harm social and emotional development. Early childhood is the stage when children learn to talk, share, and understand feelings through real life interaction. If a child spends most of their free time with a device instead of parents or friends, they may find it harder to build and strengthen relationships. Genuine human connection cannot be replaced by digital interactions like cartoons and games.

Finally, full access to technology may reduce imagination and creativity. When young children are constantly entertained by videos and games, they have fewer chances to create their own stories, play with toys, or draw pictures. These activities are important because they develop problem-solving skills and independent thinking. Technology can be helpful, but it should not limit the child's creativity.

In conclusion, while technology can be useful, children under five should not have unlimited access to it. Protecting their health, encouraging real-world communication, and developing creativity are far more important than staring at a screen all day. Instead, parents should integrate technology slowly into their lives so that children grow up balanced, healthy, and ready for the future.

Send the answers/ screenshot of your book here.

1. a

2. c

3. d

4. c

5. d

B section

1. E

2. E

3. H

4. C

5. A

pg. 75

A section

1. A

2. RF

3. RF

4. A

5. RP

B section

1. active

2. smart

3. smart apron

4. invisible

5. innovators

pg. 76

A section

1. thereby

2. suspended

3. rigid

4. fantasy

B section

1. portable

2. fraction

3. appliance

4. foresee

5. forthcoming

6. manufacturing

C section

1. forecast

2. foresight

3. forefront

pg. 77

A section

1. d

2. c

3. a

4. b

pg. 78

A section - a, b

B section

1. T

2. T

3. F

4. F

5. T

Make sure to act like a professional policy advisor or social activist to convince the readers.

There are many significant problems with brain drain. One problem involves reduced innovation, because there are fewer specialists who can come up with ideas to achieve what is needed. In addition, there are economic drawbacks. This is because fewer specialists are available to help in the country that trained them. As a result, many significant problems arise from brain drain.

However, there are solutions. The first solution is to encourage motivation throughout the country by offering competitive wages. People tend to find efficient jobs, which are jobs that earn high salaries with low effort. By offering higher wages, employees are able to attract more workers because people find the job more efficient. By doing this, brain drain is harder, because other jobs have to earn more money to compete with the raises.

Although that solution may be difficult to apply, there is one significantly easier solution that may help workers remain in their country. This method may make a second pull factor, which is improving needs, such as housing and healthcare qualities. By improving the needs for people, people are more likely to feel safe in their own country of trained professionals, because there is a person who can give them their needs for health and a house where they can live. This implementation can also be a pull factor, which may include better-trained professionals to support the country.

Overall, although brain drain is a significant problem, the possible solutions to fix it are by offering competitive wages and improving healthcare and housing. By doing this, people are less likely to leave the country in search of a better place to live and work.

One massive problem caused by brain drain is the loss of professionals in essential fields. When doctors and nurses leave, hospitals struggle to care for patients. When teachers or researchers go abroad, schools and universities lose quality, and innovation slows down. This lack of skilled workers makes life harder for everyone and holds back economic growth. Over time, the absence of experts makes it even more difficult for countries to advance.

Several factors push skilled workers to leave. Low salaries and poor working conditions make it hard for professionals to succeed. Many people feel there are no chances for career growth or recognition at home. In some cases, political instability or lack of safety drives them to seek a better life elsewhere. As long as these problems exist, talented workers will continue to migrate.

To solve this issue, governments and communities need to take action. Offering better pay, modern facilities, and clear paths for advancement can make staying at home more attractive. Scholarships and rewards for professionals who return or remain in their country can also help. In addition, partnerships with other nations can create exchange programs that allow workers to gain experience abroad but still contribute to their home country. By valuing and supporting their skilled workers, countries can slow brain drain and create a stronger, more stable future.

In conclusion, brain drain is not just an individual choice but a challenge that affects entire societies. By improving conditions at home and showing appreciation for talented citizens, countries can retain their best minds.

Minh: Light pollution

Phieu: Noise pollution

Ngoc: Visual pollution

Feel free to check out your friends' outlines for reference, but remember to put in your personal elements as well.

The main problem with brain drain is that a country loses its most valuable human resources. When doctors, engineers, and scientists leave, it can harm important public services and create a professional void. For example, if a country loses many doctors, it will be very difficult to provide good healthcare for everyone. Brain drain also makes the economy weaker. These are the people who are essential for driving innovation and starting new businesses. When they leave, it becomes much harder for the country to grow and develop.

First, the creation of better job opportunities at home is essential. Governments should offer competitive salaries and clear chances for people to develop in their careers. They can also provide financial support for new businesses. These measures will give smart people a powerful reason to stay and build their future in their own country. For instance, India has seen success with its "reverse brain drain" by creating more economic and employment opportunities which lead to many professionals to return.

Second, a country must be a safe and stable place. People want to live in a nation that has fair governance and a good quality of life. The government should work to fix problems like corruption and inequality. When people feel secure and trust their government, they are far more likely to commit to their home country.

Finally, public services must be improved. Governments should invest more money in healthcare, education, and technology. A country with excellent schools and a strong environment for new ideas will not only keep its own talent but also attract skilled people from other nations. For example, South Korea has successfully invested heavily in its technological infrastructure and research institutions which has encouraged many scientists and engineers to return.

In conclusion, brain drain is a complex but it's also solvable problem that requires determined policy action. By proactively improving job opportunities, ensuring social stability and strengthening our public services, we can change this trend. Although the solutions might take times to work effectively, the solutions ensure that the most talented people stay and build a better future for their country.

Light pollution is a problem in many ways. By lighting up the sky, energy is wasted, and energy is not free. In Australia, energy costs 20 to 40 cents per kilowatt hour, equivalent to 3.6 megajoules of energy. Although it may sound cheap, there are millions of people using electricity, so when it is added up, it reveals that energy sources are depleting rapidly. In addition, at night, many people rely on darkness to sleep. However, with light pollution, this is much more difficult. Difficulty to sleep can lead to negative human health. However, this can be changed, since human activity can protect the land, water, and night sky.

One of the solutions are to use shielded lights, meaning that lights are forced to go down to where it is needed rather than going up to get it wasted. A fully shielded light should be able to go down to where it is needed, and less energy would be wasted. Countries such as France and Croatia have used this method to avoid wasting light.

In addition, lights can have timers or motion sensors to avoid being wasted. This avoids lights from turning on when it is not in use. Timers are convenient because they can be scheduled to be turned off when no-one is using them, and motion sensors can ensure that light turns off when people remain still, as it can be assumed that they don't need the light. Countries like UK and Norway have applied this method, and it conveniently and significantly reduces light usage.

Overall, although light pollution is relating to a waste of energy, there are a few solutions to this. One of them is to use shielded lights to direct lights down and another involves timers and motion sensors. While these applications may be expensive, they can pay off in the long run.

Visual pollution can affect people negatively. It can cause stress and anxiety, especially for people with conditions like OCD who may feel overwhelmed by the visual chaos. For tourists, they might avoid areas with a lot of visual pollution which can cause local economies issues and prevent them from enjoying historic or beautiful sites. Even natural places can be ruined, for instance, the trash on Mount Everest. While some places like Times Square are known for their bright billboards, constant visual stimulation can be overwhelming and distracting.

To fix the problem of visual pollution, we need two main solutions which are better urban planning and community clean-up projects. The first involves creating and enforcing rules about what can be placed in public spaces. For example, limiting the size and number of billboards can quickly clear up a city's skyline. The city of Sao Paulo in Brazil showed this by banning most outdoor billboards with its "Clean City Law" which made the city's skyline clearer and brought back views of historic buildings.

In addition to new rules, it's essential to get the community involved through cleanup projects. Local groups can organize to remove paintings or writings on walls, pick up trash and fix broken signs. People can also plant trees, add green walls to turn blank walls into beautiful art. When schools and residents participate in these projects, they feel a sense of pride and are more likely to keep their area clean. These community efforts work together with urban planning to fix existing problems and prevent new ones from appearing. In Tokyo, many neighborhoods have transitioned to underground wiring. The result is the Tokyo skyline is not being blocked by the overhead cables they used to have.

In conclusion, visual pollution is a serious problem that makes the cities and natural spaces less enjoyable as well as affects people's mental health. By combining smart urban planning with active community participation, we can restore beauty and order to our environment. These solutions not only make our surroundings look better but also create a stronger sense of community because it combines the efforts of everyone.

One major effect of noise pollution is sleep loss. Constant noise at night can prevent people from resting, leaving them tired and irritable. It also creates stress and makes it harder to focus on schoolwork or jobs. Over time, too much noise can cause long-term health problems such as high blood pressure, anxiety, and heart disease. For example, cities like Delft in the Netherlands and some regions in India have successfully introduced measures to limit noise.

One solution is to establish quiet hours in city centers. Quiet hours are specific times when residents and businesses must reduce noise. This allows people to rest and recover, improving overall well-being. The European Union, for example, has set regulations under its Environmental Noise Directive to encourage cities to follow quiet-hour rules.

Another solution is to relocate noisy activities away from residential areas. Factories, sports arenas, and nightclubs can be built farther from residential areas. In small towns with very few residents, strict quiet hours may not be necessary, but in crowded cities, fines or penalties for breaking noise rules can help maintain order.

Raising awareness is also important. Many people do not realize how damaging noise pollution can be. Schools, community groups, and local governments can run campaigns to educate the public. Urban planners can use noise barriers, green spaces, or better building designs to reduce noise levels.

In summary, noise pollution is a significant challenge that can harm people’s sleep, mental health, and concentration. By setting quiet hours, relocating noisy facilities, and spreading awareness, cities can become more peaceful and healthier places to live.

Complete the checklist to see whether the information is legit.

2. Website's name: The website's name is Scenic America.

3. URL: The URL is https://www.scenic.org/2022/03/31/visual-pollution-and-the-preservation-of-aesthetic-places/.

4. Website extension: The website extension is .org, which indicates it is a non-profit organization.

5. Who is responsible for the website? The organization responsible for the website is Scenic America, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization.

6. Contact information: Yes (Scenic America's headquarters are located at 1012 14th St NW, Suite 1108, Washington, DC 20005. Their phone number is 202-792-1300. You can also find contact forms on their website.)

7. Yes. The article was written by RAloisi.

8. No

9. Yes

10. Yes. Date stamp on the article: The article is dated March 31, 2022.

11. No

12. Purpose and trustworthiness: The purpose of the website is to preserve and enhance the scenic beauty of America. It is a trustworthy source as it is a registered non-profit organization with a mission to advocate for scenic conservation. It has a high rating from Charity Navigator for its accountability.

Plagiarism is a very significant problem. In general, it is the act of copying others' work almost exactly. This has led to people weakening their ability to learn because they work out that plagiarism improves their grades with no effort. In addition, plagiarism can break trust, because many people will believe the fact that the student did their own work and it was a "coincidence" rather than considering the fact that he or she copied the work. In addition, if a student copies another person's work exactly, he or she will not realise any mistakes that may appear along the way. Overall, plagiarism weakens students' ability to learn, breaks their trust, and does not make them perfect.

There are two solutions to avoid plagiarism. One of them is to encourage active learning by asking people to consolidate their learning. Encouraging active learning is a form of revision to ensure that the student is able to understand the topic easily. The other method is to encourage people to ask questions. By encouraging people to ask questions without judgement, teachers are able to consolidate and support the student's learning and the student will understand the learning in a different way. By doing this, the student is confident enough to do his or her work rather than copying others.

The other solution is to make tasks where plagiarism is difficult. This could involve many methods, such as AI checks, self reflections, and different tasks for different people. The first method, AI checks, are an efficient way to avoid copying AI, because AI has easy patterns to follow, like consistent sentence structures and high-level vocabulary throughout. However, no AI check is perfect all of the time. Another method is to ask students to do self reflections. Teachers can observe students' learning behaviours so he or she can understand what the student should be writing on his or her self-reflection. If the student writes a self-reflection that appears to look like another student's without having the same learning behaviour, it could be because of plagiarism. One final method is to give people different inputs for a task. By giving people different inputs, teachers can expect a different answer, making it impossible to pass by plagiarising. Overall, all three methods to make plagiarism difficult can be very effective in some way.

Overall, plagiarism is a significant problem involving people copying others' work, but it is possible to fix by encouraging active learning and making difficult-to-plagiarise assessments. By doing this, plagiarism can be discouraged.

One reason we lose motivation is that our goals seem too big. A huge project can feel overwhelming and we might be afraid to fail or not do well enough. We also have many things around us that distract us, like our phones or social media. These things can make it difficult to focus and stop us from getting anything done.

First, break down big tasks into smaller, easier steps. For example, instead of thinking about cleaning the whole house, just focus on picking up five items from the floor. Each small step finished will help a person feel more confident and ready to do the next one. This works for school too.

Another important solution is to take care of oneself. It's hard to be motivated when tired. Make sure to get enough sleep and eat healthy food. Putting away distractions like phones and finding a quiet place to study can also help focus and get more done. By taking care of the body and mind, the energy needed to be motivated is provided.

In conclusion, everyone struggles with a lack of motivation sometimes. But by using simple methods like making tasks smaller and taking care of oneself, the drive needed to reach goals can be found. It's about taking small steps forward, not waiting for a big burst of energy to appear.

Fear of failure often comes from pressure to succeed. Many people grow up believing that failing is not an option. Some develop a fixed mindset, thinking their abilities cannot change, so if they fail once, it means they will never succeed. Others feel constant pressure from parents, teachers, or society to always do well. When expectations are too high, people may avoid trying new or difficult tasks because the risk of failure feels too scary. This can lead to stress, anxiety, procrastination, and even giving up on goals and dreams.

One way to solve this problem is to give children room for small failures early in life. For example, letting them try something difficult and even make mistakes teaches them that failure is a normal part of learning. These small setbacks help build resilience and remind them that no one is perfect. If children only experience failure later in life, it may feel much more painful and harder to recover from.

Another solution is to focus on effort, not just results. When children are praised only for success, they start to believe they are loved or valued only when they achieve something. This increases the fear of failing. Instead, parents and teachers should praise persistence, improvement, and creativity. Encouraging a growth mindset, which means believing that abilities can improve with hard work, helps people see failure as a step toward success instead of an ending.

In conclusion, fear of failure is a powerful problem that prevents people from reaching their goals. It comes from pressure, high expectations, and negative beliefs about ability. But by giving space for small failures, encouraging effort, and teaching a growth mindset, people can learn to face challenges with courage. Failure should not be seen as the end but as an important part of the journey to success.

Send the answers/ screenshot of your book here.

1. a

2. b

3. c

4. d

5. a

1. not given

2. false

3. not given

4. not given

5. false

Page 93

1. fact

2. speculation

3. speculation

4. speculation

5. speculation

1. fact

2. fact

3. fact

4. fact

Page 94

1. stretched

2. intervals

3. navigated

4. clues

5. disrupts

1. cannot be seen

2. similar

3. complete

4. earth and sky

5. difficult

1. famous

2. continuous

3. courageous

Part A: 1. a; 2. b; 3. c; 4. b;

Part B: 5. a B. 1. T; 2. F; 3. T; 4. NG; 5. F Reading Skill:

Part A: 1. F; 2. F; 3. S; 4. S; 5. S

Part B: 1. S; 2. F; 3. S; 4. F

Vocabulary Practice:

Part A: 1. stretched; 2. intervals; 3. navigated; 4. clues; 5. disrupts

Part B: 1. is observable; 2. similar; 3. complete; 4. earth and sky; 5. difficult

Part C: 1. famous; 2. continuous; 3. courageous

A. 1. a; 2. b; 3. c (Para H); 4. b (Para H); 5. a B. 1. T; 2. F (The Lapita sailed as far east as Samoa and Tonga); 3. T; 4. NG; 5. F (They reached South America by A.D. 1000)

Reading Skill

A. 1. F; 2. F; 3. S; 4. S; 5. S

B. 1. S (It is also possible …); 2. F; 3. S (Scientists believe …); 4. F

Critical Thinking

Possible answer(s): Astronauts want to explore space. Divers want to explore the oceans.

Possible answer(s): No, I don’t think I would like to join an expedition to another planet. I think the risks are too high, and there’s enough to see here on Earth!

Vocabulary Practice

A. 1. stretched; 2. intervals; 3. navigated; 4. clues; 5. disrupts

B. 1. is observable; 2. similar; 3. complete; 4. earth and sky; 5. difficult

C. 1. famous; 2. continuous; 3. courageous

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/bee-conservation-women-entrepreneurs-angelina-jolie

From first glance, the picture appears startling, where a large number of bees swarm over Angelina Jolie. However, I was impressed that she was able to survive. But the main important thing is that she did not swat any bees, because this was taken as a picture to show the importance of bees. In addition, the article explains that bees are an important source of food that everyone eats. When I saw that this was an inspiration of Richard Avedon, it made me impressed to see that the whole point of the pictures made were to show that bees were to be conserved.

In addition, I was extremely shocked by the fact that she was able to stand still for a long time without getting stung. Despite her feeling small things on her body, she was not impacted. Even more surprisingly, important organs, like her ears and noses, were filled with things by bees. In addition, I was surprised that she intentionally attracted bees by covering herself in pheromone. However, despite herself being overwhelmed by lots of bees, Angelina Jolie was resilient and coped with the bees. The resilience deserves an applause.

In summary, I was surprised by how resilient Angelina Jolie was when bees swarmed her. My viewpoint of her changed from being startling and crazy to understanding that the bees were intentionally lured to be taken as a photograph on the importance of bees. I feel that by viewing what bees did to her, I can tell that bees are not worthless and are therefore not worth making them extinct.

The first thing that comes to mind is how much control and trust this unique image requires. The composition is simple, using darkness to highlight the yellow-gold bodies of the bees and Jolie's face. Her calm manner seems to be sending a powerful message: instead of being scared of these necessary insects, we should learn to live with them. The use of celebrities and this dramatic visual effect are brilliant. It makes the audience to set aside other distractions and give careful thought to bee decline, a serious problem that impacts the world's food supply.

Secondly, beyond the visual impact, the National Geographic article gives the photograph a much deeper, more meaningful purpose. Let's look at it simply: the program helps women and bees at the same time. It's about training women to become beekeepers. When a woman gets these new skills, she can start her own small business making and selling honey or other bee products. This is very inspiring because it helps her family earn money and become more independent. So, the project isn't just about saving animals, but it's empowering people. By doing this, the program achieves two things at once: it protects the bees and gives these women a real, practical business skill. It is a powerful way to create positive social change in their communities.

In conclusion, the National Geographic portrait of Angelina Jolie with bees is much more than just a shocking picture. It is a carefully constructed call to action that delivers both a visual and a contextual message. It starts with a feeling of fear or amazement and it ends by giving the reader knowledge about a crucial global issue and an inspiring program for women. The photograph is successful because it uses a moment of high drama to shine a light on the small animal and requires human effort to protect them.

Bees are small, but they play a huge role in our lives. They pollinate about three quarters of the world’s main food crops, including fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Without them, food supplies and natural ecosystems would collapse. Unfortunately, bee populations have dropped sharply because of pesticides, parasites, habitat loss, and climate change. Jolie’s photo aims to draw attention to this crisis and to show that saving bees is something we can all help with. Simple actions, like planting native flowers and avoiding harmful chemicals, can make a real difference.

The Women for Bees program that Jolie represents connects bee protection with women’s empowerment. The program trains women around the world to become beekeepers and protect native bee habitats. By learning this skill, women can earn a living, support their families, and help the environment at the same time. Jolie believes that when women are educated and involved, whole communities become stronger. Her calm and brave expression in the photo shows how humans can live in peace with nature instead of fearing it.

The photo also reflects Jolie’s own commitment to conservation. Through her work in Cambodia, she has supported projects that protect wildlife, remove landmines, and train local people to care for the forest. During the photoshoot, she stayed perfectly still while bees covered her skin, describing the experience as peaceful and deeply connected. This calmness symbolizes how we must treat nature with patience, respect, and understanding.

In conclusion, Angelina Jolie’s National Geographic photo is more than a beautiful picture; it is a message of hope and responsibility. It reminds us that bees are essential to life and that protecting them is something everyone can help with. By working together, just as bees do in their hives, we can protect both the planet and each other.

1. Define interest.

2. List Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous ideas and inventions.

3. Classify the three main categories of primary colors in art and explain why they are considered primary.

4. Summarise the main points of inflation.

5. Illustrate the process a wind turbine uses to harness energy.

6. Relate the amount of sunlight a plant receives to its rate of growth.

7. Justify the popularity of Apple as a brand.

2.      List Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous ideas and inventions:

• the anemometer

• the parachute

• the helicopter

3.      Classify the three main categories of primary colors in art and explain why they are considered primary:

three main categories of primary colors in art:

• red

• yellow

• blue

  These colors are called primary because you cannot make them by mixing any other colors. They are the starting colors.

4.      Summarise the main points of inflation:

• Inflation is the rate at which prices rise over time

• This happens when too many people want to buy things, but there are not enough goods available. Businesses then raise prices because people are willing to pay more.

5.      Illustrate the process a wind turbine uses to harness energy:

A wind turbine captures the movement energy of the wind and turns it into electricity, the steps are:

• Catching the wind and pushes the blades

• Generating the power to make electricity

6.      Relate the amount of sunlight a plant receives to its rate of growth:

Plants use sunlight to create food through a process called photosynthesis. When a plant gets more sunlight, it makes more food which means it can grow faster and stronger. If a plant gets too little sun, it cannot make enough food so it grows very slowly and looks weak.

7.      Justify the popularity of Apple as a brand:

Apple is popular because it sells great design, its products work perfectly together and it makes people feel special for using the brand.

The first thing that comes to mind is how a painting leaps out to grab another painting. Normally, this is not possible. However, I felt shocked about how arms could reach out of paintings to grab the bottle of Coca-Cola. This moment that shows that people can pass the Coca-Cola promotes Coca-Cola by showing how everyone gets one. The passing of the famous product encourages people to join with the people who really like Coca-Cola. The impressive moments of moving paintings should be admired.

I also found the video very magical. This masterpiece, surprisingly made of many smaller art masterpieces, had something that would not occur in real life. The fact that pictures can reach towards other pictures and react to the movements make the masterpieces come to life. The passing of Coca-Cola also shows a sign of respect, because no character in the masterpieces need the Coca-Cola. Overall, in addition to promoting Coca-Cola, they also want to promote respect.

In conclusion, the Coca-Cola portrait does not just show magic in different ways. It also shows that it is important to respect each other and also to buy Coca-Cola, the main purpose. This video is successful into promoting these two main points by mixing in elements that keep the people hooked to the end.

My first reaction to the video was amazement. The way the paintings moved and helped each other was very interesting and full of imagination. I liked how the video connected old and modern art in a fun and magical way. It made me feel that art is alive and can still touch people today.

The message of the video is very meaningful. It shows that even small actions, like sharing a drink, can make someone feel supported and motivated. The Coca Cola bottle is not just a drink, but a symbol of happiness and inspiration.

Overall, “Coca Cola Masterpiece” is a wonderful video that mixes art, kindness, and creativity. It made me realize that inspiration can come from anywhere, and that art will always have the power to bring people together.

My immediate reaction to the video was how incredibly appealing and attractive the visuals are, which immediately hooked me and encouraged me to pay full attention. The animation is so seamless that it completely sells the impossible idea of paintings physically interacting with each other. I was impressed by how the advertisement handles the jump between different styles of art, all participating in a playful action. This smooth visual experience is what truly makes the commercial memorable.

Secondly, beyond the visual look, I think the most meaningful part is the message behind the passing of the bottle. The fact that every painting grab Coca-Cola, regardless of the art style which strongly suggests that everyone can have Coca-Cola. It shows universal accessibility, implying the drink is for people everywhere and from any background. Furthermore, the relay itself is a powerful representation of a timeline of inspiration and shared human history. The artists of the past are literally handing their creative spark forward to the current generation, making the drink a symbol of connection across time.

In conclusion, "Masterpiece" is an wise and wonderful advertisement because it successfully positions the Coca-Cola bottle as its own cultural icon by placing it alongside true masterpieces. It manages to feel both exciting and wonderful human at the same time. The advertisement’s powerful and memorable message encourages us to take a moment to realize our own potential, and Coca-Cola is your inspiration.

Send the answers/ screenshot of your book here.

A)

1. c

2. b

3. c

4. d

5. b

B)

1. True

2. True

3. False

4. Not given

5. True

6. Not given

Page 111:

A)

1. bank

2. electronically

3. cryptography

4. blockchain

5. 2009

6. drugs

7. Silk Road

B)

I. How does Bitcoin work?

A) Bitcoin division

1. Can be divided to 8 decimal places

2. The value of that is a Satoshi

B) Obtaining Bitcoins

1. Bitcoins are rare

2. Mined bitcoins are added

3. Solve increasingly complicated mathematical problems

4. First to verify solution receives a payment

5. Similar to gold rush

II. Bitcoin Benefits

A) Security

1. Virtual transactions are easy and cheap

2. Transfers are authorised only to pay a specific amount

3. No credit cards needed

B) Other benefits

1. People in Africa don't make bank accounts

2. They start from bitcoins

III. Drawbacks of bitcoin

1. Is thought to be stable but it has fluctuated wildly

2. Started at $12 but increased rapidly to $20 000 in 2017

3. Lost almost 4/5 of the value the year after

IV. Conclusion

1. Investing has risks

2. Never invest more than what can be lost.

Page 112:

A)

1. sophisticated

2. principles

3. scarce

4. verify

5. drawbacks

B)

1. in their body

2. may have happened

3. go to jail

4. you own

5. part of a company

C)

1. principal

2. principle

3. principal

Part A:

1. c; 2. b; 3. c; 4. c; 5. a

Part B:

1. T; 2. NG; 3. F; 4. T; 5. T; 6. NG

Reading Skill:

Part A. 1. bank; 2. electronically; 3. coding; 4. blockchain; 5. 2009; 6. drugs; 7. Silk Road

Vocabulary Practice:

Part A: 1. sophisticated; 2. principles; 3. scarce; 4. verify; 5. drawback

Part B: 1. in their body; 2. may have; 3. go to jail; 4. own; 5. part of a company

Part C: 1. principal; 2. principle; 3. principal

A. 1. c; 2. b; 3. c; 4. c; 5. a

B. 1. T; 2. NG; 3. F; 4. T; 5. T; 6. NG

Reading Skill

A. 1. bank; 2. electronically; 3. coding; 4. blockchain; 5. 2009; 6. drugs; 7. Silk Road

B. Possible answer(s):

What is Bitcoin?: eight decimal places → smallest is “Satoshi”; users solve math problems to “mine” → get paid → trade mined Bitcoins;

What are benefits of Bitcoin?: speedy transactions, no payment delays; can make payment without PayPal or credit card; no need for bank account;

What are the drawbacks?: lack of stability

Vocabulary Practice

A. 1. sophisticated; 2. principles; 3. scarce; 4. verify; 5. drawback

B. 1. in their body; 2. may have; 3. go to jail; 4. own; 5. part of a company

C. 1. principal; 2. principle; 3. principal

First, standardized tests are unfair because they mostly show how rich a student is, and not what they actually know. Students from rich families can pay for expensive tutors, preparation classes and can take the test many times to get a high result. Students from poor families do not have this chance which means these tests act like barriers that stop poor students from succeeding and keep the problem of inequality going. If a test is only measuring who can afford help, it is not a fair test of knowledge.

Second, relying heavily on these tests makes the quality of teaching worse because of bad teaching methods. Schools and teachers feel pressure to get high scores, so they focus on what is only on the test. This means subjects like art, music,… are often ignored because people think math and English are more important. Students end up only learning for the test, often using simple memorization tricks and then they quickly forget the information. This means they did not understand or learn the subject effectively, which makes the whole education process less useful.

Some people might say that tests offer a fair and equal way to compare students from different schools. However, this idea is misleading because the tests themselves are already unfair due to the problems with money and the student's background. A much better solution is for educational institutions to use a complete review system. This system would look at a student’s long-term school grades and their personal projects or essays. This holistic review gives a much more complete picture of a student's knowledge and true abilities.

In conclusion, standardized testing should be ban because it is unfair and it works against the real meaning of learning. The tests favor wealth and undermine education quality. Choosing better ways to assess students is crucial because it truly values each student's unique abilities, knowledge and their real chance to succeed in college and in life.

First, standardized tests are unfair to different types of learners and backgrounds. Some students may not perform well on timed exams, even if they are intelligent and hardworking. These tests mainly favor those who are quick at memorizing and answering questions under pressure, not those who think deeply and creatively. Moreover, students from wealthier families can afford private tutors and preparation courses, giving them an advantage over those who cannot. This makes standardized testing less about true ability and more about opportunity.

Second, standardized tests can cause serious stress and anxiety. Many students feel extreme pressure knowing their future depends on a single exam. This pressure can negatively affect their mental health and even make them perform worse, no matter how much they studied. Instead of showing a student’s true potential, these tests often reflect how well they can handle stress in a short period.

Supporters of standardized tests argue that they offer a fair way to compare students because grading systems vary across schools. However, this argument overlooks the unequal access to test preparation and resources. If universities truly want fairness, they should focus on evaluating a student’s overall performance, including grades, essays, and interviews, rather than relying on one test score.

In conclusion, standardized tests are both unfair and stressful. They fail to measure a student’s real abilities and opportunities. Universities should look at a broader picture of each applicant to create a fairer and more accurate admission system.

First, standardized tests are unfair to different types of learners and backgrounds. Some students may not perform well on timed exams, even if they are intelligent and hardworking. These tests mainly favor those who are quick at memorizing and answering questions under pressure, not those who think deeply and creatively. Moreover, students from wealthier families can afford private tutors and preparation courses, giving them an advantage over those who cannot. This makes standardized testing less about true ability and more about opportunity.

Second, standardized tests can cause serious stress and anxiety. Many students feel extreme pressure knowing their future depends on a single exam. This pressure can negatively affect their mental health and even make them perform worse, no matter how much they studied. Instead of showing a student’s true potential, these tests often reflect how well they can handle stress in a short period.

Supporters of standardized tests argue that they offer a fair way to compare students because grading systems vary across schools. However, this argument overlooks the unequal access to test preparation and resources. If universities truly want fairness, they should focus on evaluating a student’s overall performance, including grades, essays, and interviews, rather than relying on one test score.

In conclusion, standardized tests are both unfair and stressful. They fail to measure a student’s real abilities and opportunities. Universities should look at a broader picture of each applicant to create a fairer and more accurate admission system.