https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os The Holocaust in Salonika, Greece en-us 2020-02-06 16:32:17 UTC 2024-10-23 16:29:08 UTC hello@padlet.com as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441662075 Ottomans arrive and improve life for Jews]]> 2020-02-06 16:41:13 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441662075 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441662410 Influx of Jews arrive after exile from Spain]]> 2020-02-06 16:41:41 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441662410 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441663010 The antisemitic EEE was formed and perpetrated attacks on Jews. “They were angry at me that I killed Jesus, but I had never met Jesus! I didn't know who he was.”-Chaim Raphael]]> 2020-02-06 16:42:27 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441663010 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441664652 Ioannis Metaxas, the Greek dictator, restricted Jewish participation in the army but also subdued the EEE. ]]> 2020-02-06 16:44:22 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441664652 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441664980 Multiple measures were imposed on Jews that affected their daily lives

]]> 2020-02-06 16:44:41 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441664980 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441665751 Nazis conquer Salonika]]> 2020-02-06 16:45:31 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441665751 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441673236  The Germans robbed Jewish property and closed all Jewish schools. Einsatzstab Rosenberg led a special unit called “Commando Rosenberg” which was instrumental in the torturing of rich Jews and looting of cash, jewelry, silverware, art pieces, and carpets.]]> 2020-02-06 16:54:04 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441673236 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441673665 “Every day there was an article written against the Jews. Some of the writers were forced to write against the Jews.”Jewish newspapers were canceled, and instead, antisemitic newspapers appeared."-Chaim Raphael]]> 2020-02-06 16:54:25 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441673665 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441674175 Exceptionally severe and six hundred people died of cold and disease. ]]> 2020-02-06 16:55:00 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441674175 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441674869 9,000 Jewish men in Salonika between the ages of 18 and 45 were summoned to (Liberty Square), where they were humiliated in the burning sun all day."“They dealt out so many blows that people fainted, so then they would lift them up, pour water over them and start again.” Itzchak Nechema]]> 2020-02-06 16:55:47 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441674869 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441677256 “There were girls standing there and every time there was a beating or something like that they applauded gleefully.”]]> 2020-02-06 16:58:36 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441677256 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441677475 250 of the enslaved men had perished]]> 2020-02-06 16:58:51 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441677475 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441678014 The Judenrat (led by Rabbi Zvi Koretz) appealed to the Commander of Salonika to release the enlisted Jews because of the impending winter and argued to pay the Germans 3.5 million drachmas in the exchange.]]> 2020-02-06 16:59:22 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441678014 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441678433 The Commander released a statement saying the Jewish community had obtained two million drachmas and had sold their cemetery to fulfill the remaining 1.5 million drachmas needed.]]> 2020-02-06 16:59:52 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441678433 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441678793 the National Liberation Front (EAM) issued a statement calling on Christians to save the Jews. “calls upon the inhabitants of Athens and upon all Greeks and all Christians to extend their help in order to save the Jews. This can be done by massive protest demonstrations, big rallies and general mobilization aimed at frustrating the terrible Pogrom. Let us give asylum to all persecuted Jews; let us crush any traitor that harms the Jews.”]]> 2020-02-06 17:00:20 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441678793 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441679176 Despite Rabbi Koretz’s protests he was designated to represent the Jews in dealings with Aldof Eichmann’s representatives upon their arrival]]> 2020-02-06 17:00:50 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441679176 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441679482 A series of edicts were issued to implement the Nuremberg Laws and isolate the Jews.]]> 2020-02-06 17:01:15 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441679482 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441679892 “The Jewish identifying mark consists of a six-point star, ten centimeters in diameter, made of yellow cloth.”]]> 2020-02-06 17:01:46 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441679892 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441680248 Deportation convoys assembled in Baron Hirsch quarter. The Neighborhood becomes a ghetto. ]]> 2020-02-06 17:02:13 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441680248 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441681152 Rabbi Koretz tried to stop the deportations by offering the Germans half of the Jew’s property.]]> 2020-02-06 17:03:15 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441681152 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441681365 Berlin refused the offer and twenty transports comprised of 43,850 Jews began leaving for Auschwitz. 

]]> 2020-02-06 17:03:31 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441681365 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441681986 Guelfo Zamboni was the leader of the Italian consulate in Germany and was instrumental in helping some Jews escape. As the transports began Zamboni saved 350 of the remaining desperate citizens by providing them forged Italian citizenship.]]> 2020-02-06 17:04:09 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441681986 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441682297 The deportations were even harsher than others in Europe because they lasted seven days and eight nights, rather than the usual two or three. For over a week, 80-90 people were placed in a cattle car with a small bucket of water and a small bucket to serve as a toilet.]]> 2020-02-06 17:04:31 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441682297 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441682704 “I don't know if there is a movie director who could recreate the atmosphere in those sealed cars during seven days and eight nights. They put eighty people into a cattle car, and sometimes more. It was absolutely horrific. The suffering, the embarrassment, the humiliation.”-Chaim Raphael]]> 2020-02-06 17:04:55 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441682704 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441683151 “The doctor would sit by himself and I asked him every time, "Doctor, how many days is it possible to live without food, how long can a man hold on?" He would answer, "It's possible to hold on for 40 days." Every morning I would remind him: "Doctor… how many days?" And he would answer: "Forty days." On the seventh day I asked him: "Doctor?" And the doctor was dead. "Doctor", I said to him, "You've gone? Why so soon? You said we could hold on for 40 days…"]]> 2020-02-06 17:05:27 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441683151 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441683701 Yaacov (Jacki) Handeli woke up one morning to the SS, Greek police, and the Jewish council banging on the doors with guns and forced them from their homes into the cattle cars. The cattle cars were marked “six horses,” denoting that the train holding 90 humans was intended for six horses. They were told they were going to Poland so they were to pack heavy clothing and good shoes. To maintain the facade, each person was given 600 Polish Zloty.]]> 2020-02-06 17:06:07 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441683701 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441684052 Jacki describes how the Red Cross gave them bread and cheese, but the cheese was so salty that all the Jews became even more dehydrated. They sometimes stopped for hours at railway stops seeing water far away but were not able to drink any.]]> 2020-02-06 17:06:32 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441684052 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441684561 Only 11,200 people (4,200 women and 7,000 men) passed the initial selection. The 37,000 other men, women and children were gassed upon their arrival.]]> 2020-02-06 17:07:06 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441684561 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441685064 When Jacki arrived at Auschwitz, the whole transport was forced into a hut and told to undress. The Germans inspected the prisoners’ mouths for gold teeth and, if any were found, they simply yanked out the whole tooth to obtain the gold. Jacki was too young to have any fillings but he thought of his father who he knew had many coverings.]]> 2020-02-06 17:07:37 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441685064 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441685670 Greek Jews were fully assimilated into society and, therefore, spoke Greek and Ladino, vastly different from the common camp languages of German, Yiddish, and Polish. “The Jews did not accept us as Jews.”-Jacki]]> 2020-02-06 17:08:03 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441685670 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441686468  “All that smoke you see, that's your parents.”]]> 2020-02-06 17:08:45 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441686468 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441687412 “I would not starve to death”-Ovadia Baruch]]> 2020-02-06 17:09:37 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441687412 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441687616 One time, out of pure exhaustion, he cried out, “Oy Madre, Oy Madre” and caught the eye of a girl passing by with a kapo. He fell instantly in love. ]]> 2020-02-06 17:09:52 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441687616 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441687700 Zvi Michaeli also lost his parents after the selection and was told: “they don't exist anymore.” He was alone in a world where he could communicate with very few. He managed to save 20 photographs of his family and every night would recite their names to ensure he never forgot them. ]]> 2020-02-06 17:09:59 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441687700 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441687740 Zvi became very ill and was sent to the camp hospital. He befriended the French speaking Polish Dr. Shymon Lubitz, who told him “I'll keep you in the ward as long as I can.”]]> 2020-02-06 17:10:02 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441687740 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441689296 Jacki worked in the kitchens and met Jaco Razon. Jaco Razon was also a Salonika Jew and a world renowned boxer. The camp commander liked boxing so Jaco retained personal freedoms not available to other prisoners. Jaco Razon tried to use his relative freedom and access to food to keep others, particularly Jacki, healthy. ]]> 2020-02-06 17:12:02 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441689296 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441689631 Alberto Errea was arrested by the Germans]]> 2020-02-06 17:12:25 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441689631 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441690007 Alberto arrived at Auschwitz. And was selected to be a Sonderkommando. The inability to communicate with the majority of prisoners made the Salonika Jews unwittingly perfect sonderkommandos because they were unable to warn prisoners of their imminent fate. ]]> 2020-02-06 17:12:57 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441690007 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441690672 Albert took the famous “Sonderkommando Photographs” Three other sonderkommandos kept watch as he secretly photographed. Two of the shots were taken within the gas chamber.]]> 2020-02-06 17:13:52 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441690672 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441690830 The photographs were numbered 280–283 by the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum. Nos. 280 and 281 show the cremation of corpses in a fire pit, shot through the black frame of the gas chamber's doorway or window. No. 282 exhibits a group of naked women just before they enter the gas chamber. No. 283 is an image of trees, the result of the photographer aiming too high.]]> 2020-02-06 17:14:06 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441690830 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441691457 he pictures were smuggled out in a toothpaste tube. The photographs were distributed by the Polish Resistance and were cropped to focus on the figures. These pictures along with a few from the Auschwitz Album are the only ones to exist surrounding the gas chambers.]]> 2020-02-06 17:14:56 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441691457 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441692708 During as ash transport, Alberto hit the SS watchmen on the head and attempted to escape.]]> 2020-02-06 17:16:30 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441692708 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441692900 Alberto was captured and killed]]> 2020-02-06 17:16:46 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441692900 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441693223 Many planned Sonderkommando upsirings had been called off, the situation gained urgency: transports ceased and the liquidation of the sonderkommandos was beginning.]]> 2020-02-06 17:17:12 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441693223 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441693648 They began to cement their plans of revolt and escape. Gunpowder was smuggled in by women, which the men fashioned into grenades from sardine tins. Local partisans were able to slip small arms through the fence. Knives, axes, and other small weapons were made and hidden inside the crematorium. ]]> 2020-02-06 17:17:46 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441693648 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441693782 The Poles in Crematorium One began the revolt.]]> 2020-02-06 17:17:58 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441693782 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441698697 Hungarians in Crematoriums 3 and 4 revolt]]> 2020-02-06 17:23:27 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441698697 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441700832 A Nazi guard in Creamtorium 1 was stuffed in an oven and burned alive. The Germans soon arrived bearing tanks and machine guns and shot all the prisoners near the crematoriums. Some sonderkommandos dragged their crude grenades into the oven and ignited them in a sucicide attempt to destroy the crematorium.]]> 2020-02-06 17:26:02 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441700832 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441701411 The revolt was suppressed and 200 sonderkommandos were forced face down and executed with single shots to the back of their heads.]]> 2020-02-06 17:26:37 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441701411 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441701762 Auschwitz liberated]]> 2020-02-06 17:26:59 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441701762 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441702074 Of the 55,200 Salonika Jews living prior to the war only 1,950 survived. Most survivors returned to Salonika hopeful to find relatives but quickly realized almost all had perished.]]> 2020-02-06 17:27:26 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441702074 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441702381 Ovadia Baruch married Aliza and they illegally fled to Palestine in a fishing boat. Much to their surprise, the Jewish doctor that operated on Aliza left her one ovary and she gave birth to a boy and later a girl.]]> 2020-02-06 17:27:51 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441702381 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441702628 Jacki Handeli endured a death march to Bergen-Belsen where he was finally liberated by the British. Jacki immigrated to Israel and had two children with his wife Rachael.]]> 2020-02-06 17:28:08 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441702628 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441702873 withstood the death march to Bergen Belsen and, although emaciated, survived until the camp’s liberation. On the ship to Sweden for rehabilitation, he met his wife, Elvira, another Auschwitz survivor and they later moved to Israel where they started their family. Zvi spoke about the horros he endured during the Holocaust and in 1990 even lead student tours to the Polish death camps.]]> 2020-02-06 17:28:22 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441702873 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441813867 Salonika is the second largest city in Greece, housing .05% of the country's Jews. ]]> 2020-02-06 19:50:07 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441813867 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441815805 2020-02-06 19:53:09 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441815805 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441817063 2020-02-06 19:55:07 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441817063 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441818929 2020-02-06 19:57:57 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441818929 as2860 https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441825187 Was a part of the EAM]]> 2020-02-06 20:08:08 UTC https://padlet.com/as2860/uunt0jojx7os/wish/441825187