Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM)® Certification

Kickoff | PMI

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CostXs2p6r0&pp=ygUZcmVzb3VyY2UgdXRpbGl6YXRpb24gdHJhcA%3D%3D

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRy_73ivcms&pp=ygUUcGl0c3RvcCAxOTUwIHZzIDIwMjA%3D

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5AUDasE1h1k&pp=ygUMZ3JlZW53YXNoaW5n

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1U2gngDxFkc&pp=ygUEcmFjaQ%3D%3D

Growth mindset

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UNP03fDSj1U

Earned Value Management

84683001

lavanya.a0@gmail.com

Project replacing LED light - Cat Simple

Project Deep Sewage Tunnel - Cat Complex

Project Oil Spill into Sea - Cat Chaotic

EV cars - complicated because needs to coordinate charging, infrastructure, policies, & public adoption to support this.

Solar Panels - simple because Singapore have been installing solar panels on HDB

Reducing waste to landfill by 30% - complex because achieving this target requires changes in behaviour from households

Planting 1 million trees - chaotic because of unpredictable factors such as weather & long-term maintenance efforts.

S - Carousel located at Royal Scotts

M - 5 persons with a budget of $100 per person

A - Reservation in advance

R - Halal restaurant

T - on 17 July 2026 at 7pm

S: Reduce energy consumption and operating costs by replacing conventional lighting with energy-efficient LED lighting.

M: 100% replacement for all Lights, using LED tube with at least 35% electric saving

A: Can be achieved with replacement of LED lights,

Less than 2 years payback period.

R: Install LED Lights within the approved budget

T: Replacement to be completed with 12 weeks

Measurable – Contribute towards achieving a nationwide target of 60K EV charging points by 2030.

Achievable – Implement project progressively through multi-phases.

Realistic – Support Singapore’s transition towards cleaner transportation

Time-bound – complete by 2030, with annual progress reviews and clearly defined phased completion.

Key Scope Details & Constraints

• Primary Objective: Create a plan to help the internet investment service increase its overall market penetration. (The original program expected a 10% increase, but overall public investment activity has dropped by 15% in the last year).

• Key Deliverable: A documented strategic plan recommending actions to improve market penetration (such as optimizing advertising times on TV, exploring major magazine ads like Fortune, and utilizing the existing research).

• Budget:

  • Total budget to develop the plan: $50,000

  • Note: $4,000 has already been spent on research efforts, leaving $46,000 for the remaining planning phase.

• Timeline: The final plan must be completed and delivered within three months.

• Project Resources: A team consisting of researchers, part-time software application developers, and the original internet investment program project manager.g

• Utilise research to determine actual number of users

• Identify productive areas for plan to utilise increased advertising budget by 15%

2. Discuss about individual scope

3. Project schedule

- Identify all stakeholders early

- Maintain continuous communication

-Use tools like a RACI matrix to clarify roles and responsibilities

-Hold short weekly “impact huddles” to surface blockers and progress.

-Document scope clearly to avoid uncontrolled expansion.

Innovation games for requirements gathering

or

Collaborative games

• Commitment & Accountability – Assign a project manager, define roles and obtain management commitment.

• Ethical & Responsible Decision Making – Purchase certified LEDs and recycle fluorescent tubes responsibly.

• Integrated, Transparent & Inclusive Governance – Engage all stakeholders and communicate progress openly.

• Economic Prosperity – Lower electricity and maintenance costs.

• Principled & Values-Based Development – Support the company's sustainability and ESG objectives.

• Social & Ecological Equity – Improve employee wellbeing and reduce environmental impact.

Project Dependency & Activity Logic Summary

📌 Core Dependencies

Type

Description

Mandatory Dependency

Existing lights must be fully removed before new LED installation can start

External Dependency

All LED fixtures, sensors and accessories must be delivered by the supplier first

Internal Dependency

Full inspection and testing of existing electrical wiring must be completed prior to installation

Discretionary Dependency

Detailed scheduling, resource allocation and work planning must be finalized before work commences

⏱️ Activities with Lead Time

Install sensors and timers – this activity must be completed before LED light installation begins (acts as a pre-requisite lead task to ensure controls are ready).

⏳ Activities with Lag Time

Table

Lag Condition

Duration

Rationale

After all LED lights are mounted

2 days

Waiting period for commissioning checks, stability testing and power verification

After ceiling painting work is completed

48 hours

- Must be Halal Restaurant

- Agreeable Budget

- Date & Time

- Making dinner reservation before confirming the final dinner guest attendance.

- Taking group photo before everyone leaves

- Dinner reservation availability

- Last minute cancellation

Activities with Leads

- Ordering of food (Whoever arrive first can order the food in advance for others)

Activities with Lags

- Arrival of the dinner members

-15min holding of table

Turn off power

Remove old lights

Install LED

Test

Restore Power

Project Dependency & Activity Logic Summary

📌 Core Dependencies

Type

Description

Mandatory Dependency

- Existing lights must be fully removed before new LED installation can start

External Dependency

- All LED fixtures, sensors and accessories must be delivered by the supplier first

Internal Dependency

- Full inspection and testing of existing electrical wiring must be completed prior to installation

Discretionary Dependency

- Detailed scheduling, resource allocation and work planning must be finalized before work commences

Office

Warehouse

Production area

External supplier deliver LED lights

Receive LED lights

Installation of LED lights

Building management approval for works

- Reservation must be confirmed before informing everyone on the dinner venue.

Internal team remove LED lights

Licensed electrician remove LED lights

Inspection

Leads

– testing of lights may begin while installation of lights are still ongoing

Lags

- Monitor lighting performance before final project review.
- Conduct post implementation evaluation after sufficient operation time.

- Wait 1 - 2 weeks after installation before monitoring and reviewing energy savings.

Late arrival of LED light- Lag

Early arrival of LED Light- Lead

Testing commissioning Light - Lag

Room not available during changing of light - Lag

⏱️ Activities with Lead Time

- Install sensors and timers – this activity must be completed before LED light installation begins (acts as a pre-requisite lead task to ensure controls are ready).

⏳ Activities with Lag Time

Lag Condition: After all LED lights are mounted

Duration:

- 2 days waiting period for commissioning checks, stability testing and power verification

- Wait for ceiling painting work is completed, 48 hours Paint to dry before installation of LED lights to commence.

LAG time activities - Afterall LED lights are mounted, 2 days waiting period for commissioning checks, stability testing and power verification. After ceiling is painted, need to wait 48 hours before LED can be installed

1. Management approval / manpower / availability of LED lights

Project Dependency & Activity Logic Summary

📌 Core Dependencies

Type

Description

1. Mandatory Dependency

Existing lights must be fully removed before new LED installation can start

2. External Dependency

All LED fixtures, sensors and accessories must be delivered by the supplier first

3. Internal Dependency

Full inspection and testing of existing electrical wiring must be completed prior to installation

4. Discretionary Dependency

Detailed scheduling, resource allocation and work planning must be finalized before work commences.  Temporary Storage for old and LED lightings. Sharing of schedule with all.

Group 2: LED Light Installation (Manufacturing Plant – Trial Phase)

Project Dependency & Activity Logic Summary

⏱️ Activities with Lead Time

Install sensors and timers – this activity must be completed before LED light installation begins (acts as a pre-requisite lead task to ensure controls are ready). Testing of LED lights before installation.

⏳ Activities with Lag Time

Lag Condition

Duration

Rationale

1. After all LED lights are mounted. 2 days

Waiting period for commissioning checks, stability testing and power verification

2. After ceiling painting work is completed

48 hours

Paint to dry

1. 3. Visual Status Tracking (At-a-Glance Control)

   Most Kamishibai cards are double-sided:

   • Green Side: Task completed or standard met.

   • Red Side: Task pending, missed, or a non-conformance/issue was found.

   Anyone walking past the board can instantly gauge the operational health of a team or department without opening a spreadsheet or asking for a report.

Why do you think limiting Work In Process (WIP) is important?

- Reduce multi-tasking

-Able to stay focus on the task

-Easy to monitor

-Reduce leadtime

-Improve the quality of work

-Smooth workflow

a. Allow focus execution

b. improve workflow

c. respond better to change

d. encourages accountability/ownership

e. Improve collaboration

f. Takt time

Sustainability standard & Certification checklist

Material input per service unit

Carbon and water foot print calculation

Flow chart

Weighted Matrix

Pareto Chart – Identify the biggest sources of waste or emissions (80/20 rule).

Cause-and-Effect (Fishbone/Ishikawa) Diagram – Analyze root causes of sustainability issues.

• LCA: Compare full impact of LED vs traditional lights (monitoring of power consumption)

• Supplier audit: Verify LED chips are conflict‑free, packaging is recyclable, and manufacturing meets energy standards

• Pareto: Identify which component or supplier contributes most to carbon footprint

• Control chart: Track recycled material % in fixtures over time

1. Target

Achieve Zero Waste to Landfill by reducing general waste and increasing recycling over the next 12 months.

2. Current Condition

• Factory generates 500 kg of general waste per week.

• Only 30% of waste is recycled.

• Waste segregation is inconsistent.

3. Next Target Condition

• Increase the recycling rate from 30% to 50% within 3 months.

• Reduce general waste from 350 kg to 250 kg per week.

4. Experiments

• Introduce colour-coded recycling bins.

• Train employees on proper waste segregation.

• Conduct weekly waste audits.

• Work with suppliers to reduce packaging materials.

• Monitor waste data using a dashboard.

1. Meaningful Retirement - Awesome!

2. 40/50s - Jobless or Working but Tired

3. Lower Expenses & Strong Bank Account/CPF

4. Passive Income stream/Investment/4D/TOTO/SugarMum/SugarDaddy/Part-time/OverseasLocations

9. Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure

High investment costs, outdated infrastructure, slow technology adoption, cybersecurity risks, shortage of skilled workers.

10. Reduced Inequalities

Income inequality, unequal access to education and healthcare, discrimination, unequal employment opportunities.

11. Sustainable Cities & Communities

Urban congestion, air pollution, affordable housing shortages, waste management, climate resilience.

12. Responsible Consumption & Production

Overconsumption, excessive waste, plastic pollution, limited recycling, resource depletion, unsustainable supply chains.

13: Stop burning plastic, reduce GHG, BYOB, More 3Rs, reduce single use plastic, Emergency preparedness for extreme weather and climate-related risks. 

14: SG promoting coral reefs, reduce coastal projects, Prevention of water pollution from workplace activities. 

15: More greenery on building, Vertical Farming, Green Walls, promotes wetlands, isolate pulau ubin as conservatory, Protection of surrounding ecosystems during site operatio 

16: Good government, transparent practise, Strong safety governance, compliance, and reporting systems    

17: the world working together for greater good. World Peace, Collaboration with contractors, regulators, and stakeholders to improve WSH performance.

Disadvantage: finger pointing

Is that and advantage or disadvantage?

1. Clarifies roles and responsibilities – Everyone knows who is Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, and Informed.

2. Improves communication – Ensures the right people are involved at the right time.

3. Prevents duplication and confusion – Reduces overlapping work and gaps in responsibilities.

   
   

Disadvantages of RACI

1. Time-consuming to develop – Requires effort to define all roles accurately.

2. Can become complex – Large projects with many tasks and stakeholders make the matrix difficult to manage.

3. May become outdated – Needs regular updates as project roles change.

   
   

disadvantage: blame game

Disadvantage - over emphasise on hierarchy

1. Eliminates role ambiguity

2. Prevents duplication

Disadv:

1. Does not capture all relationship types

2. May encourage silos??

Establishes Single-Point Accountability

Streamlines Communication

Disadvantages:

Common Misapplication & Confusion

In SME, the RA mixture could be mostly on 1 pax.

Disadvantage: pushing of responsibilities, reluctant to participate

Disadvantage: still feels vague for certain roles and responsibilities (not detail enough)

Prevents duplication of work.

Improves accountability.

Enhances communications and coordination.

Reduces confusion and conflicts (fire fighting).

Ensures stakeholders know their level of involvement.

Disadvantages:
Time-consuming to create for large projects.
Can become outdated if roles change.

Problem is this can be time consuming and can create finger pointing.

Clear accountability – RASI clearly identifies who is responsible and accountable for each task, reducing confusion and improving ownership.

Disadvantage:

Can be time-consuming – Creating and maintaining a RASI matrix requires time and effort, especially for large or complex projects.

Push: Mother shouting to everyone: Dinnertime!

Pull- Government speak to all the people

Push: email

Interactive: socmed

Pull: Meeting

Pull- Toolbox meeting, Safety celebration

Pull: Running Townhall with all the Numbers and upcoming Perks for the next Quarter/Half

Interactive: Running a challenge to ensure everyone gets the point and participate in the activity

Your lectures is PUSH

Pull: Townhall

Email, Apps message, announcements

Pull communication

Shared drives, dashboard

Pull: Advertisement, Campaign, Social Media, etc,

Push - Request for casaulties details and info (email

Pull: Info you go and get

Interactive: Live two-way exchange

Pull - Lawerence wong spoke at nation day rally

• Liking – Highlight stories of employees or teams who benefited from LED lighting (better workspace comfort, reduced eye strain). People relate more when they see peers enjoying the change.

• Reciprocity – Offer small incentives, like free LED desk lamps or recognition for early adopters, to encourage wider support.

• Social Proof – Show that other offices, departments, or industry leaders have already switched to LEDs and achieved savings.

• Consistency – Ask stakeholders to commit to small steps first (e.g., pilot LED installation in one area) before scaling up.

• Authority – Use expert endorsements or certifications (e.g., green building standards) to validate the benefits of LEDs.

• Scarcity – Emphasize limited‑time subsidies, rebates, or bulk purchase discounts for LED upgrades to drive faster decisions.

if he launch, dunno wat he get

Single‑use plastic issues directly impact:

• SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

• SDG 14: Life Below Water

• SDG 13: Climate Action

• SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities

Risk-Related Considerations

1. Limited charging infrastructure – Difficulty locating charging stations, particularly when travelling in Malaysia.

2. Battery and charging risks – Potential for battery overheating (thermal runaway), which may result in fire hazards.

3. Power overloading – Increased electricity demand may overload the power grid or charging systems.

4. High ownership costs – Higher upfront purchase price, road tax, maintenance costs, and insurance premiums compared to conventional vehicles.

5. Environmental impact – Challenges associated with the disposal and recycling of lithium-ion batteries, which may pose environmental risks.

Risk Category

• Risk Consideration

• Response Strategy

People

• Employees do not separate waste correctly.

• Mitigate – Provide training and clear recycling labels.

Cost

• Waste disposal or recycling costs are higher than planned.

• Mitigate – Obtain multiple vendor quotations and monitor costs.

Schedule

• Delay in collecting waste bins or recyclable materials.

• Mitigate – Engage a backup waste contractor.

Supplier

• Recycling vendor fails to collect waste on time.

• Transfer/Mitigate – Include service-level agreements (SLAs) and have a second vendor.

Environmental

• Hazardous waste is mixed with general waste, causing pollution.

• Avoid – Implement strict segregation procedures and regular audits.

Compliance

• Failure to comply with NEA or environmental regulations.

• Avoid – Ensure compliance with regulations and conduct inspections.

Safety

• Workers are injured while handling sharp or hazardous waste.

• Mitigate – Provide PPE, safe handling procedures, and training.

Quality

• Contaminated recyclables cannot be recycled.

• Mitigate – Educate users and inspect waste before collection.

Technology

• Waste compactors or sorting machines break down.

• Mitigate – Schedule preventive maintenance and keep spare parts available.

Stakeholder

• Employees or tenants resist the new waste segregation programme.

• Enhance communication – Explain environmental benefits and involve staff early.

Risks:

1- Wrong angle, not able to capture the full power of the rays

2- Prolonged Bad Weather

3- Solar Risks - high electricity consumption from non-renewal energy.
Increasing carbon emissions and energy costs (panel production).

4- Power generated depends on available land size = number solar panels.

Solution/Benefits
1- Install solar panels to generate clean, renewable electricity.

2- possible to get power 365 days

Comply with environmental regulations (e.g. NEA requirements).

sustainability reports

2) Conduct regular safety training for employees

3) Comply with anti-bribery and anti-corruption policies

4) Waste Disposal method

5) Supply chain traceability

1. Compliance with Environmental Regulations

   • Vendor must comply with all applicable environmental laws and regulations.

   • Possess relevant certifications such as ISO 14001 (Environmental Management System).

2. Waste Management Practices

   • Proper waste segregation, recycling, and disposal procedures.

   • Minimize landfill waste and promote circular economy practices.

3. Workplace Safety and Health Standards

   • Compliance with WSH requirements and risk management procedures.

   • Regular safety training and provision of appropriate PPE for workers.

4. Energy and Resource Efficiency

   • Use energy-efficient equipment and processes.

   • Reduce water consumption and unnecessary resource usage.

5. Use of Sustainable Materials

   • Prioritize environmentally friendly, recyclable, or low-carbon materials.

   • Reduce use of hazardous substances.

6. Carbon Footprint Reduction

   • Encourage low-emission transportation and logistics.

   • Monitor and report greenhouse gas emissions.

7. Labor and Ethical Practices

   • Fair employment practices and compliance with labor laws.

   • No child labor, forced labor, or discrimination.

8. Continuous Improvement and Reporting

   • Establish sustainability KPIs.

   • Require periodic reporting on environmental, safety, and sustainability performance

Critics- Finance & Investment Teams

Grid Interconnection & Electrical Engineers

Legal & Regulatory Compliance Officers

Traditional Energy Suppliers / Fossil Fuel Interests

Skeptical Shareholders / Executives

Peripheral Public / Distant Neighbors

Uninvolved Department Staff

Negative (-ve)

(Shallow) Cynics

• Employees who think saving water has little impact

• Staff who leave taps running

• Employees who ignore water-saving practices

(Deep) Critics

• Operations Manager (concerned about production disruption)

• Finance Manager (worried about investment cost)

• Maintenance Manager (concerned about additional maintenance)

Neutral

(Shallow) Unengaged

• New employees

• Contractors

• Office staff with little involvement in water usage

(Deep) Spectators

• Senior Management

• Facilities Manager

• Project Management Office (PMO)

Positive (+ve)

(Shallow) Enthusiasts

• Employees interested in sustainability

• Green Team volunteers

• Staff willing to support water-saving campaigns

(Deep) Ambassadors

• Sustainability Manager

• Environmental, Health & Safety (EHS) Team

• Water Management Vendor

• Project Sponsor