Federalism by Gabriella Tolfa

Dual Federalism

user_1412610520 — 2014-10-09 01:06:13 UTC

The belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement

Typically believe that the national government should not exceed its constitutionally enumerated powers, and as stated in the tenth amendment all other powers are and should be, reserved to the states or to the people.

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

user_1412610520 — 2014-10-09 01:06:42 UTC

The Supreme Court concluded that the US congress lacked the constitutional authority to bar slavery in the territories. This decision narrowed the scope of national power, while it enhanced that of the states.

Nullification

user_1412610520 — 2014-10-09 01:08:00 UTC

The purported right of a state to declare or void a federal law.

Sixteenth Amendment

user_1412610520 — 2014-10-09 01:09:37 UTC

Amendment to the US constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax.

Seventeenth Amendment

user_1412610520 — 2014-10-09 01:10:02 UTC

Amendment to the US constitution that made senators directly elected by the people, removing their selection from state legislatures.

New Deal

user_1412610520 — 2014-10-09 01:10:42 UTC

The name given to the program of "Relief, Recovery, Reform" begun by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 to bring the United States out of the Great Depression.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), a work relief program for farmers and homeowners

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

National Recovery Administration (NRA), imposed restrictions on production in agriculture and many industries while also providing subsidies to farmers.

Cooperative Federalism

user_1412610520 — 2014-10-09 01:11:22 UTC

The intertwined relationship between the national, state, and local governments that began with the new deal.

Another example of this is social welfare programs like President Lyndon B Johnson’s Great Society

Categorical Grant

user_1412610520 — 2014-10-09 01:12:39 UTC

Grant that allocated federal funds to states for a specific purpose.

user_1412610520 — 2014-10-09 01:14:10 UTC

Chief Justice Roger B. Taney (1835-1863), who succeeded John Marshall in 1835, saw the Court as above pressures

user_1412610520 — 2014-10-09 01:15:22 UTC

Dual Federalism says that having separate and eqally powerful state and national governments is the best constitutional arrangement and is one that was envisioned by the Framers.

Tenth Amendment

user_1412610520 — 2014-10-09 01:16:33 UTC

All powers are (and should be) reserved to the states or to the people.

Power to levy and collect taxes on incomes without apportioning them among the states.

Dred Scott

user_1412610520 — 2014-10-09 01:17:18 UTC

Dred Scott was born into slavery. He was sold by his original owners to a family in Missouri. Eventually, he tried to buy his freedom. He was questioned, so abolitionists gave money to support a test case seeking Scott's freedom. They believed that since he resided in a area that did not have slavery he was a free man. In 1857, the court ruled that Scott was not a citizen of the United States.

user_1412610520 — 2014-10-09 21:07:56 UTC

Economic events during the Great Depression:

Throughout the 1920’s, bank failures were common
In 1921, the nation experienced a severe slump in agricultural prices.
In 1926, the constitution industry went to decline.
In 1929, inventories of consumer goods and automobiles were at an all time high.
On October 29, 1929, stock prices (which had risen steadily since 1926) crashed, taking with them the entire national economy.