https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09 Digestive System en-us 2022-05-05 14:52:55 UTC 2022-05-11 00:45:06 UTC hello@padlet.com jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2171652456 The Digestive System breaks nutrients into parts small enough for your body to absorb and use for energy, growth, and cell repair (NIDDK, 2017).]]> 2022-05-05 15:43:14 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2171652456 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2171669389 The Mouth is responsible for swallowing food, chewing, and mixing the food which then creates the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates. The food then moves into the pharynx and starts the breakdown of lipids through lingual lipase. Other functions of the mouth include allowing you to moisten and dissolve food which allows you to be able to taste it. The mouth also cleans and lubricates the teeth and oral cavity. Furthermore, the mouth has some antimicrobial activity (Anatomy & Physiology II).]]> 2022-05-05 15:53:40 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2171669389 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2171680169 The Pharynx pushes food from the oral cavity to the esophagus. It also lubricates food and passageways (Anatomy & Physiology II).]]> 2022-05-05 16:00:20 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2171680169 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2173849639 The esophagus pushes the food down to the stomach. As the pharynx does, it lubricates food and passageways (Anatomy & Physiology II).]]> 2022-05-07 13:35:06 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2173849639 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2173856809 The stomach is responsible for blending and stirring food with gastric juices to form chyme. The stomach begins the chemical breakdown of proteins. It also releases food into the duodenum as chyme. Furthermore, it absorbs some fat-soluble substances. The stomach has power over the antimicrobial functions. The stomach also stimulates protein-digesting enzymes. Finally, it hides the necessary factor required for vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine (Anatomy & Physiology II).]]> 2022-05-07 13:47:14 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2173856809 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2173910410 The small intestine mixes chyme with digestive juices. It moves food at a rate slow enough for digestion and absorption. It also absorbs breakdown products of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, vitamins, minerals, and water. Furthermore, the small intestine performs physical digestion through division (Anatomy & Physiology II).]]> 2022-05-07 15:20:55 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2173910410 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176532769 Organs that are part of the digestive system are the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The liver produces bile salt. This causes the combination of lipids to help their digestion and absorption. The gallbladder stores, concentrates and releases bile. Finally, the pancreas produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate (Anatomy & Physiology II).]]> 2022-05-09 22:51:30 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176532769 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176534489 The Large intestine continues to break down food residues. It also absorbs most residual water, electrolytes, and vitamins produced by enteric bacteria. Furthermore, the large intestine pushes the feces toward the rectum. Finally, it eliminates feces (Anatomy & Physiology II).]]> 2022-05-09 22:54:08 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176534489 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176538988 Anatomy & Physiology, "Digestive System Processes and Regulation," https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-ap2/chapter/digestive-system-processes-and-regulation/, (April 28, 2022)]]> 2022-05-09 23:00:08 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176538988 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176596624 IBS is a long-term gastrointestinal disorder that can cause continuous discomfort. IBS affects a part of the GI tract with chronic, irregular, and unpredictable symptoms. Symptoms of IBS include changes in bowel habits, stomach pain, and cramping, a feeling that the bowels are not empty after passing stools, passing mucus from the rectum, and swelling or bloating of the abdomen (Brazier, 2022). 
When a person worsens they begin to have flare-ups. This sometimes happens immediately after a meal or it can take longer for others. Some of these flare-up symptoms are similar to the IBS symptoms. These symptoms include stomach pain, constipation, diarrhea, bloating, and mucus in stool (Brazier, 2022). 
Other symptoms can include blood in stool, loss of appetite, fever, and weight loss. People who suffer from IBS have an increased risk of colon cancer. Lactose intolerance, suffering from colon cancer, celiac disease, or diverticulitis can cause IBS (Brazier, 2022). ]]> 2022-05-10 00:07:26 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176596624 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176596870 Brazier, Y. (2022) "All you need to know about Irritable Bowel Syndrome" https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/37063, (May 5, 2022)]]> 2022-05-10 00:07:39 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176596870 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176620378 SIBO occurs when an immoderate amount of bacteria populate the small intestine. Symptoms of SIBO include bloating, diarrhea, constipation, and unexplained vitamin deficiencies, especially Vitamin B12 (Eske, 2021). 
Though doctors are not always sure about the cause of SIBO, researchers have identified some factors that they believe contribute to SIBO (Eske, 2021) 
Low Motility: The person's intestines push bacteria and food through the digestive tract, which then prevents too much bacteria from accumulating in the small intestine (Eske, 2021).
Dysbiosis: The person's microbiome becomes unbalanced and contains too many dangerous species of microbes or not enough helpful species (Eske, 2021).  
Hypochlorhydria: The person has low levels of stomach acid. When there is not enough acid, bacteria may move up higher to the digestive tract than usual. 
Structural differences: The person has structural differences in the digestive tract (Eske, 2021). 
Alcohol use: Excessive alcohol consumption can damage the microbiome , leading to dysbiosis, damage to the intestinal walls and cause inflammation (Eske, 2021)]]> 2022-05-10 00:27:30 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176620378 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176621936 GERD is a long-term condition in which acid from the stomach comes up into the esophagus. GERD may result from a weak or damaged valve between the stomach and esophagus. GERD can also result in people who are obese or overweight because of the increased pressure on the stomach. It is also most commonly found in women who are pregnant (40%-85% of pregnant women). Furthermore, it can occur in people who are taking medications including asthma medications, calcium channel blockers, antihistamines, sedatives, and antidepressants. Finally, it is also very common among smokers and those exposed to secondhand smoking. Some lifestyle changes that can help GERD are losing weight, sleeping in an inclined position, changing diet and avoiding food triggers, and avoiding eating meals at least 3 hours before going to bed (Macgill, 2022). ]]> 2022-05-10 00:28:45 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176621936 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176640573 Gallstones are stones or lumps that develop in the gallbladder or bile duct when certain substances harden. Gallstones form when the chemicals in the gallbladder are out of balance. There are two types of gallstones which are cholesterol gallstones (if there is too much cholesterol in the bile), and pigment gallstones (when the bile has too much bilirubin). Gallstones are common in people who are overweight/obese, more so in women (Felman, 2021).
Symptoms of gallstones are nausea, vomiting, sweating, and restlessness (Felman, 2021). ]]> 2022-05-10 00:44:10 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176640573 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176648574 Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition that involves the immune system's reaction to gluten. Celiac disease is caused over time when villi in the intestine get damaged. Celiac disease mostly occurs in women and in white people. Family history also plays a role in whether or not a person may have celiac disease. Celiac disease is more common in people with Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and type 1 diabetes. 
Symptoms of celiac disease include abdominal pain, bloating, gas, chronic diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting, pale stool with a foul smell, and fatty stool that floats (Smith, 2021). ]]> 2022-05-10 00:50:48 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176648574 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176658903 Crohn's disease is a chronic or long-term condition that causes inflammation in the digestive tract. It can be painful and life-threatening. It can also affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. Some symptoms include intestinal ulcers, discomfort, or pain. Other symptoms include mouth ulcers, diarrhea, fatigue, altered appetite, weight loss, anemia, rectal bleeding, and anal fissures. It is not clear what causes Crohn's disease but researchers suggest that it may stem from an abnormal reaction of the immune system. Researchers have also found a link between E. Coli and Crohn's. There is currently no cure for Crohn's disease. Treatment involves medication, surgery, and nutritional supplements (Brazier, 2021). ]]> 2022-05-10 00:59:14 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176658903 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176673537 Ulcerative Colitis is a long-term condition that causes inflammation of the colon. It is similar to Crohn's disease. The causes are also unclear, but they may involve genetic factors, diet, air pollution, cigarette smoke, or the body may respond to a bacterial infection in a way that causes ulcerative colitis. Symptoms include abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea with mucus, fatigue, weight loss, loss of appetite, anemia, elevated temperature, dehydration, and a constant urge to pass stools (Felman, 2021). ]]> 2022-05-10 01:10:37 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2176673537 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178378387 2022-05-10 22:28:28 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178378387 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178379341 NIDDK. (2017) "Your Digestive System and how it works" https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works#:~:text=Your%20digestive%20system%20breaks%20nutrients,%2C%20growth%2C%20and%20cell%20repair. (May 5, 2022)]]> 2022-05-10 22:29:45 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178379341 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178385905 About 3.8 billion years ago, one-celled creatures were the first of living things. They floated in the ocean and took in food in the form of tiny molecules through their cell walls. Most of the living creatures on Earth still get their food the same way today (Carr, 2022).]]> 2022-05-10 22:38:38 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178385905 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178389097 About 2 billion years ago, eukaryote cells created the ability to enlarge their cell wall and obtain their food in a bubble called a vacuole. With this ability they created, it was easier for the food to stay with them. In order to break up the big molecules that were captured, eukaryote cells used slave cells called mitochondria that lived inside them (Carr, 2022).]]> 2022-05-10 22:43:20 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178389097 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178391387 About 600 million years ago, animals like jellyfish or hydras would form in the shape of bags. This way ocean water with food in it would reach all the cells on their inside as well as on the outside (Carr,2022). ]]> 2022-05-10 22:47:02 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178391387 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178393004 About 548 million years ago, tiny roundworms about a few millimeters long, evolved into the shape of a tube rather than a bag. This way, the food always flowed in the same direction, and the waste would leave the body through the anus at the other end (Carr, 2022).]]> 2022-05-10 22:49:51 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178393004 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178406602 Three million years later, annelids split their digestive tube into three parts. The three parts included a crop that stored food, a gizzard that used muscles to grind up food, and the intestine. The worms would consume small stones and collect them in the gizzard, and then the gizzard's muscle would ground the food against the stones to break it into pieces (Carr, 2022).]]> 2022-05-10 23:10:32 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178406602 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178409727 About 542 million years ago, the first bigger animals such as spiders and millipedes evolved a much more complicated digestive system. After the food was swallowed into the mouth it would enter a larger part of the digestive tube, the stomach. This way bigger chunks of food could be broken down (Carr, 2022).]]> 2022-05-10 23:15:08 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178409727 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178413611 About 420 million years ago, fish evolved. Fish had a big advantage over other animals because they have jaws and teeth. With teeth, fish were able to eat larger meals, and chew tougher things. Unlike other animals, fish also have a liver. The liver removes the poison from their food. The fish were able to get more energy from the food, with less work. The fish used this newfound energy to swim faster, move around more, and grow bigger and smarter brains than earlier animals (Carr, 2022). ]]> 2022-05-10 23:20:45 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178413611 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178419390 375 million years ago, the first frogs developed. Frogs had tongues that allowed them to catch and digest food. Frogs also had other organs such as a pancreas, a gallbladder, and a small and large intestine. They also separated their feces through their urine (Carr, 2022). ]]> 2022-05-10 23:27:37 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178419390 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178424918 Through evolution birds once had teeth, but now have beaks. Birds use gizzards in place of teeth and are able to digest their food (Carr, 2022). ]]> 2022-05-10 23:34:13 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178424918 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178427093 200 thousand years ago, humans began to pre-digest their food before it was eaten. Humans began cooking it over the fire, which would soften the food and break it down. By doing so, humans will get more energy out of it in an easier way (Carr, 2022).]]> 2022-05-10 23:37:01 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178427093 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178429191 Carr, K. (2022) "Digestive System- Biology and Evolution" https://quatr.us/biology/digestive-system-evolution.htm, (May 10, 2022)]]> 2022-05-10 23:39:23 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178429191 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178434137 2022-05-10 23:44:57 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178434137 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178437295 2022-05-10 23:48:30 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178437295 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178438364 2022-05-10 23:49:42 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178438364 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178439549 2022-05-10 23:50:58 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178439549 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178440426 2022-05-10 23:51:59 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178440426 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178441525 2022-05-10 23:53:11 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178441525 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178442569 2022-05-10 23:54:15 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178442569 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178443753 2022-05-10 23:55:38 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178443753 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178445002 2022-05-10 23:56:54 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178445002 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178446131 2022-05-10 23:57:56 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178446131 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178446827 2022-05-10 23:58:40 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178446827 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178448283 2022-05-11 00:00:09 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178448283 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178448956 2022-05-11 00:00:46 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178448956 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178450604 2022-05-11 00:02:25 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178450604 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178469126 Eske, J. (2021) "What to know about SIBO and its treatment" https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324475, (May 5, 2022)]]> 2022-05-11 00:20:18 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178469126 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178471805 Macgill, M. (2022) "GERD(persistent acid reflux): Symptoms, treatments, and causes" https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/14085, (May 5, 2022)]]> 2022-05-11 00:22:29 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178471805 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178473995 Felman, A. (2021) "Everything you need to know about Gallstones" https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/153981, (May 5, 2022)]]> 2022-05-11 00:24:14 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178473995 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178475936 Smith, J. (2021) "What to know about Celiac Disease" https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/38085, (May 5, 2022)]]> 2022-05-11 00:25:50 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178475936 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178482121 Brazier, Y. (2021) "All you need to know about Crohn's Disease" https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/151620, (May 5, 2022)]]> 2022-05-11 00:30:57 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178482121 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178483696 Felman, A. (2021) "All you need to know about Ulcerative Colitis" https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/163772, (May 5, 2022)]]> 2022-05-11 00:32:19 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178483696 jessicaortiz1991 https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178492710 2022-05-11 00:39:32 UTC https://padlet.com/jessicaortiz1991/urln5tl93gj7su09/wish/2178492710