Before the the science behind eclipses was revealed, many cultures assumed that eclipses were caused by a giant dragon eating the sun or moon. In one legend, a dragon chases the sun and moon around the universe, swallowing them when he catches them. This is when an eclipse happens.

http://www.exploratorium.edu/eclipse/dragon.html

Solar Eclipse- when the moon comes between the Earth and the Sun.

Lunar Eclipse- when the Earth comes between the Sun and Moon, casting a shadow on the moon.

Annular Eclipse- a type of Solar Eclipse when the moon is farther from the Earth , so it does not completely cover the Sun.

Total Solar Eclipse- A type of Solar Eclipse when the disk of the moon completely covers the disk of the Sun.

Saros Cycle- When almost identical eclipses occur after 18 years and 11 days.

• There are between 2 and 5 solar eclipses each year.
• A total solar eclipse only happens once every 1 and a half years
• There are between 0 and 3 lunar eclipses each year.
• The Moon moves across  the Sun at 2,250 km per hour
• Only partial solar eclipses can be observed from the North and South Poles
• The longest a total solar eclipse can last is 7 and a half minutes
• A total solar eclipse is not noticable until the Sun is more than 90 percent covered by the Moon. At 99 percent coverage, daytime lighting resembles local twilight.
• Successive eclipses in the Saros Cycle happen 1/3 of the way around the world from each other, and after three Saros Cycles, the eclipse returns to nearly the same geographic location after 54 years and 33 days. 
• Every eclipse begins at sunrise at some point in its track and ends at sunset about half way around the world from the start point.
• Local temperatures often drop 20 degrees.

-The Moon orbits around the Earth, and the Earth orbits around the Sun.

-The Sun provides heat and light for the Earth.

-The Sun reflects off of the moon which produces the light that makes the moon shine at night.

Moving

-The Earth rotates around its axis; it takes 24 hours to make a complete rotation.

-The Earth revolves around the Sun; it takes about a Calendar year to make a complete  revolution.

-The Moon orbits around the Earth and rotates on its axis at almost the same rate. That is why the Moon appears to be perfectly still.

-The Sun and the entire solar system orbits around the center of the milky way.

-It will take about 230 million years to make a complete orbit around the galaxy.

Also,  this picture shows a partial lunar eclipse.

-The Earth revolves around the Sun because the Sun "holds" the Earth by gravity, and as the sun moves, it pulls Earth along.

-The Moon takes longer to rotate on its axis than to orbit around Earth. There is a 2 hour difference.

Rotate=27 days and 9 hours

Revolve=27 days and 7 hours

A harvest moon occurs at a specific time of the year. The moon officially turns full when it reaches the spot opposite to the sun. The harvest moon happens on the Saturday nearest to the fall equinox, which is September 23rd. Once in every three years we get the same full moon in October, but the one in September is called the harvest moon because farmers can continue their harvest late into the night by the light of the full moon. 

The same moon appears for three days , but the one that appears on Saturday is the one that receives this name.

-The Earth is tilted on its axis at a 23.5 degree angle; this and the revolution around the sun result in the seasons.

-The tilt affects how much solar energy an area receives as Earth moves around the Sun; the Earth is at a different location around the Sun at every season. The northern and southern hemispheres experience different temperatures and amount of days because of this.

Arrangement

-During a Lunar Eclipse, the Sun's rays shine on the Earth, and the Earth's shadow falls on the Moon.=Sun, Earth, Moon 

-During a Solar Eclipse, the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, casting a shadow that rapidly moves across the surface.=Sun, Moon, Earth

Phase- The change in the sunlit area of one celestial body as seen from another celestial body

-the Sun is portrayed as the god Helios or Apollo in Greece.

-The Romans called it Sol.

Moon: About 4.5 billion years old!

Reporter: And what about your diameter? How wide are you?

Moon: Touchy, touchy! Well, if you have to know, I'm 2,160 miles wide. Nearly as wide as the U.S!

Reporter: What are average temperatures on you?

Moon: Well, I am usually about 273 degrees during the day and maybe -243 degrees at night!

Reporter: Wow! That's a huge difference! Now, i know that Neil  Armstrong was the first to land on you, but can you tell us when?

Moon: Of course! It was on July 20, 1969.

Reporter: And how many missions have been sent

 to you since that discovery?

Moon: Oh! I don't know! Definitely over 70!

http://www.nasa.gov