Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria and Pais Vasco.

weather and lifestock farming...

temperature medium and soft, normally humid with lots of rains. The landscape is mountainous which means it is prone to the animal husbandry, and because of the humid environment, the crops grow naturally so the main activity is the extensive livestock farming of dairy cows on natural crops. The most important agricultural activity is livestock, which is favored by the large number of meadows and the high demand for milk and meat. 1/3 of the government's milk production is produced here. Currently, European regulation has reduced its production, forcing the State to import from European countries with surpluses, such as France. Cattle are the most popular for meat or milk production. It is grown in an extensive or semi-extensive approach and focuses on livestock creation. To produce dairy products and derivatives, livestock is raised in intensive conditions.

if we´re not talking about lifestock farming, we can talk about the crops of apples or corn, which are typical from the northern Spain. The settlement is dispersed because we can locate the the crops wherever they want since there are many water points (humidity)

Extremadura and castille. It occupies 50% of the peninsular territory and includes the area of ​​the Meseta and the Ebro depression.

Weather and crops...

temperature is more extreme. It is much hotter in summer and a littlo more cold in winter, it also rains much less, meaning its a drier areaand a plateau area where the plain predominates, therefore ideal for large areas (extensive crops) in dryland cultivation, especially cereals like wheat and even barley. Even more common on Andalucia or Jaen, the olive trees.

located in the area of the mediterranean and south atlantic sea, it encompasses the mediterranean coast, the erosion of the Guadalquivir river and the Balearic islands.

Relief...

the relief is mountainous. Near the coast and the Guadalquivir River, it is a little more mountainous. The Mediterranean coastal climate has made this region ideal for the production of irrigated products due to its high aridity during the summer, lack of precipitation, and mild temperatures during the winter. It corresponds to 49% of the flooded surface in Spain.

property In irrigation areas there is a disparity in the distribution of properties. In the rural area, farms are small or medium-sized in Murcia and Valencia, medium-sized in Catalonia and considerable in western Andalusia.

The total population. Due to the rural exodus, the agricultural population has decreased and is in an aging stage. The large number of foreign wage workers defines intensive agriculture. Except in Catalonia (the coastal areas), the population is concentrated.

The Agriculture...

Due to urban demand, intensive cattle and pig farming is preferred in Catalonia, while on the margins of the Guadalquivir depression, wild cattle and beef cattle predominate, and in the drylands, sheep farming predominate. In Menorca there is a semi-extensive cattle ranch.

Agriculture presents a marked contrast between dry farming areas and irrigated areas. In the Guadalquivir depression, a mountainous part of the Mediterranean region, and in the Balearic Islands, the Mediterranean trilogy (cereals, grapevines and olive trees) and the almond tree are cultivated. Wines with designation of origin are produced in Jumilla in Murcia, Requena and Utiel in Valencia, Jerez in Andalusia and Penedés (cavas) in Catalonia. The highest concentration of oil production is found in Tarragona, Córdoba, Seville, Badajoz, Granada and, above all, in Jaén. Furthermore, it is grown in all the provinces of Andalusia. In Alicante, the production of nougat is based on the importance of almond cultivation.

Mild temperatures are beneficial for irrigated lands. During recent years, production has increased and expanded, which has led to them being the most economical. The irrigation system has changed from flood to sprinkler and drip. More and more recycled and desalinated water is consumed in Almería. Irrigated agriculture is the most profitable option due to high sunshine, suitable soils and high international demand. In the valleys of Malaga and Granada, early and early horticulture is grown with plastic, as well as fruit trees (citrus and stone) and tropical fruits (cherimoya, avocado). Industrial products such as tobacco and cotton are found in extensive irrigation.

In the moors and countryside, dryland agriculture is practiced, highlighting the Mediterranean trilogy (cereal, olive tree and vine), with the exception of the olive tree, which is not cultivated in Castilla-León due to the cold winters. The products that take up the most space are cereals. The CAP establishes production quotas for barley and corn, allowing them to outperform wheat. Support is also offered for sunflower production.

Due to the rural exodus, the agricultural population has decreased and aged. In the Duero and Ebro valleys, the population is found in small, close communities, while in the southern half of the peninsula, the towns are large and separated from each other.

Aragon and Cataluña, north of Extremadura, castille and leon (also avila and segovia), part of Guadalajara and La Rioja and, lastly, in the area of the pyrenees. It occupies the 5% of the Spain

Canary islands

In Galicia, the majority of family farms are small and medium-sized, while in the rest of the Atlantic coast, farms have advanced in terms of size and equipment. Agriculture is also practiced part-time. Cooperatives have been created to process and market milk, such as Agro-cantabria, Cooperativa de Agricultores de Gijón, Kaiku and cooperatives to produce feed, in order to overcome the obstacles in the sector. It is common to raise sheep on a large scale and it is common to take them to the valleys during the winter and to the mountains during the summer (from Gorbea to Larrabetzu or from Urbia to Goierri).

Although numerous studies have addressed the technical, economic and environmental aspects of extensive livestock farming, researchers have paid much less attention to factors related to the producer, his family and his products.

and the social environment in which they carry out their activities. However, these are increasingly crucial and determining to understand the dynamics of farms, especially with regard to the continuity of agricultural activity.

Extensive livestock farming is ideal in the mountainous areas of Spain. Livestock, including sheep, goats and cows, are fed on natural grasses. These areas are known for the production of cheese and dairy products.

(livestock in the market)

This image shows the relative relevance of various external characteristics in the evaluation of beef quality for a representative sample of European consumers. The feeding of the quality attributes most valued by consumers are animals, followed by origin and ethical factors (production that respects the environment and animal welfare). The results for sheep meat are quite similar. In this context, food production under an extensive regime and in areas of

valuable environmental characteristics can have comparative advantages in the market, products of animal origin from mountain areas also can take advantage of comparative advantages in terms of “intrinsic quality“

Compared to urban and coastal areas of Spain, mountainous areas have a smaller population. Due to the rugged topography and adverse weather conditions, life in these areas can be more difficult. However, mountain communities often have strong connections to the land and a rich cultural heritage. The population tends to be dispersed in small villages and towns along valleys and mountain slopes due to mountainous topography and geographical limitations. The rugged areas of these communities can make communication and connectivity difficult.

Due to the unique geography and climate of this Atlantic island region, agriculture in the Canary Islands is an important economic sector that faces unique challenges. The subtropical climate of the Canary Islands varies depending on altitude and exposure to the trade winds. The eastern islands tend to be drier, while the western islands tend to be wetter. The availability of agricultural land is also influenced by the volcanic geography of the islands.

In the Canary Islands, bananas, tomatoes, potatoes, vines, citrus fruits, avocados and mangoes are the main crops. Bananas are particularly crucial because they represent a significant part of the region's agricultural production. Although the Canary Islands have a relatively small total area compared to other regions of Spain, a significant amount of land is dedicated to agriculture. However, due to the mountainous topography and lack of flat land, agriculture is frequently practiced on terraces and hillside areas.

Although facing unique challenges due to geography, climate and space limitations, the livestock sector in the Canary Islands plays an important role in the region's economy and culture. A traditional livestock activity in the Canary Islands is goat farming, which is one of the pillars of the livestock sector. Goats are prized for their ability to adapt to the extreme conditions of volcanic terrain and their resistance to drought. They are primarily raised to produce a variety of dairy products, such as goat cheese, yogurt, and cottage cheese, in addition to their meat and milk.

Basically, livestock farming in the Canary Islands is diverse and adapts to the particular conditions of the area. Livestock farming remains an important part of the islands' economy and cultural identity, although it faces challenges such as production costs and limited land availability.

The Canary Islands have a greater concentration of population in urban and coastal areas, as well as in the most important tourist centers. The majority of the population resides on the most densely populated islands, such as Tenerife and Gran Canaria, where prominent cities such as Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria serve as economic and cultural centers. However, there are also smaller communities throughout the area, especially in rural and mountainous areas. The geographical characteristic of the Canary Islands, characterized by its mountainous and volcanic territory, has an impact on the location of homes and the population. Most urban and tourist settlements are located in flat and fertile coastal areas, where the climate is milder. The population is more dispersed in mountainous and rural inland areas, with small, isolated communities that depend mainly on agriculture and rural tourism.