H: Changing Urban Environments by Gabriella Smith

Urbanisation in LEDCs

smitygabriella — 2016-11-07 08:53:38 UTC

Urbanisation is the growth in the proportion of a country's population living in urban areas.
More than 50% of the world live in urban areas.
Differences between LEDCs and MEDCs
-The majority of the population in richer countries already live in Urban environments.
-The majority of the population in poorer countries don't live in Urban environments.
-The majority of urbanisation is happening quickly in LEDCs

RUM (Rural to Urban Migration)
LEDCs
-Shortages of services in Rural areas
-People believe the standard of living is better in the city
-More jobs in the city
MEDCs
-For jobs (during the Industrial/Agricultural Revolutions machinery replaced farm labour)
-People left run-down inner city areas to the country, but now inner city areas are being redeveloped so people are being encouraged to go back

Population is high because young people move to the cities and have children (high birth rates). Then, good healthcare also increases the population.

Parts of a city

smitygabriella — 2016-11-07 09:08:52 UTC

Centre - CBD (Central business district)
-Commercial centre
-Shops, offices
-Transport
-High Land values, competition for space
-Tall and dense buildings
-Few people live in the CBD

Around the centre(2nd) - The Inner city
-mix of poor housing and old buildings
-run-down and deprived
-sometimes theres new housing from redeveloped derelict land

Around the 2nd(3rd) - The Suburbs
-Housing
-Cheaper land
-Close enough to the centre
-middle-class families
-nicer environment, less crime and pollution

Outer edge(Last)- The rural-urban fringe
-both uses
-(e.g. factories & farming)
-Fewer, Larger houses

Land Use can differ
-Shopping centres in out-of-town, causing shops in CBD to shut
-Inner-city tower blocks removed and replaced housing estates on the rural-urban fringe
-New housing on brownfield sites

Urban Issues

smitygabriella — 2016-11-07 09:24:47 UTC

MEDCs

Shortage of good quality housing LONDON DOCKLANDS
Run down CBDs BIRMINGHAM CBD
Traffic congestion
Ethnic segregation

Strategies for each problem
1.
-Urban Renewal, government strategies that encourage investment in new housing,services and employment in derelict inner city areas-New towns built to house overpopulated cities (e.g. Milton Keynes)
-Relocation incentives, encourage people living in large council houses to move out to give the house for others who need it(working families).
Older people volunteer move to the seaside or countryside and are payed.
2.
-Pedestrianising areas to make them safer
-Better transport links and car parking
-Converting derelict warehouses into smart new buildings
-Improving public areas
3. Air pollution: damages, health, buildings, more traffic jams and accidents
-Improving public transport
-Increase car parking charges
-Bus priority lanes
-Pedestrianisation of areas
Cycle lanes, Boris Bikes, Car club, Ring Road, Park and Ride, Trams...
4.
(.People prefer to others with the same background and religion as them
. live near services for their culture
.same background, restricted in where they can live in the same way so they end up in the same place) <-- Problems
-Make it so everyone can access information
-Improve communication between all parts (involving leaders of different ethnic groups when making decisions)
-Providing interpreters
-Providing suitable services for all cultures (women have women doctors)