Audiology Resource Guide- Grace Lawrence by Grace Lawrence

My Ear Diagram

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Outer Ear Diagram

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Middle Ear Diagram

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Inner Ear Diagram

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Presbycusis

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Description: a decline in hearing as a part of the aging process; the most common type of HL in adults

Symptoms: Trouble hearing, especially in higher frequencies, difficulties with speech perception

Type of HL: sensorineural, deterioration of the cochlear structure

Treatment: Hearing Aids

Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

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Description: Type of hearing loss that can be reversible (Temporary Threshold Shift) or irreversible (Permanent Threshold Shift), depending upon the intensity and frequency of the sound and the length of the exposure, can be unilateral or bilateral

Symptoms: Trouble with loudness & clarity, possible tinnitus

Type of HL: Sensorineural, damage to the basilar membrane, broken hair cells

Treatment: Hearing aids, other assistive listening devices

Ototoxicity

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Description: Certain medications (ex: antineoplastic drugs or antibiotics that end in "mycin," as well as more than 200 other medications/chemicals) can cause damage to hearing

Symptoms: Speech perception difficulty, bilateral HL, possible balance problems

Type of HL: Sensorineural, affecting the cochlea & auditory nerve, and sometimes the vestibular system

Treatment: Hearing aids and or hearing assistive devices

Other Hearing Disorders (that are congenital & sensorineural)

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Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (congenital, but can also be acquired)

Mondini Malformation (shown above)

Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct (EVA)

Connexin 26

Speech Banana & Familiar Sounds

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This is a helpful visualization tool that represents the decibels and frequencies of familiar speech sounds. If an individual's audiogram results fall outside of these thresholds (particularly in the banana section), their speech perception is negatively impacted.

Audiogram Key Symbols for Interpretation

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Degree of HL

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The graph on the left represents the varying degrees of HL as represented on an audiogram. On the right, the chart includes the numerical dB range of HL for children & adults.

Sample of Audiograms

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The left audiogram is indicative of mild HL, while the right represents mild-moderate HL, specifically noise-induced, as it has the trademark notch at the 4000 Hz point.

Types of Hearing Loss

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Conductive Hearing Loss (CHL): a type of HL affecting the outer or middle ear, on an audiogram, air-bone gaps are present of 10 dB or greater, affecting loudness.

Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL): type of HL affecting the inner ear, no air-bone gaps present, affecting loudness & clarity.

Mixed Hearing Loss: both conductive and sensorineural components present; affecting both loudness & clarity.

Ling 6 Test

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A daily listening check to ensure a child can hear the following common speech sounds across frequencies.

Parts of a Hearing Aid

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Hearing Aid Styles

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Hearing Aid Maintenance & Tools

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Hearing Aid Maintenance Checklist:

Clean HA case daily w/ a dry cloth
Clean ear molds daily w/ brush and wax loop
Brush the Microphone Ports while holding them upside down
Change the microphone covers every 3 months
Open the battery door every night
Keep HA away from moisture

Troubleshooting HA (1 of 2)

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Troubleshooting HA (2 of 2)

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Hearing Aid Check

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A daily hearing aid check is imperative because if something is wrong, it means the individual is missing out on key information, whether it is school, social, or work-related, for the duration the HA is not functioning. A listening check can also include a Ling 6 check to ensure they are hearing various sounds accurately.

Cochlear Implant Parts

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Cochlear Implant Troubleshooting

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3 CI Manufacturers & Technology:

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Advanced Bionics:

Preferred by: musicians & engineers for superior sound quality

Processors include: Naida CIM (adult) & Sky CIM (pediatric), and HiRes Ultra 3D implant (MRI safety when paired with Marvel platform processors)

Cochlear Americas:

Known for: Providing more cochlear implants than any other company, with 750,000 implantable devices

Processors include: Nucleus profile plus, Nucleus 8 sound processors (newest and lightest behind-the-ear processor)

MED-EL:

Known for: focusing on soft surgery (approach aiming to preserve as much residual hearing as possible during surgery)

Processors Include: Sonnet 3 & Rondo 3 Audio Processors, SYNCHRONY 2 implant

Internal Cochlear Implant Components

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Surgical & Non Surgical Bone Conduction Components

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Implantation Surgery: performed on adults, outpatient, lasts about an hour, and is performed under local anesthesia.

Non-surgical: for children whose skulls have not fully hardened, or those who do not prefer surgery.

MED-EL Bone Anchored Hearing Aids (BAHA) [links imbedded in model name]

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Bonebridge Implant with SAMBA 2 audio processor

ADHEAR (non-surgical for all ages; ideal for babies & toddlers)

Troubleshooting the BAHA

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Phonak Hearing Aids

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*Used for any degree of hearing loss*

Product lines include: Audeo, Lyric, Bolero, Naida

Notable features:

AutoSense OS~ automatically adjusts to different noise environments,

Universal Bluetooth streaming~ can connect to streaming sources of any kind & connect to HATs

Tinnitus Control~ uses sound therapy to minimize tinnitus perception (included in the Audeo model shown in the image above)

Other Notable HA Brands: Models & Technology

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Starkey

Evolv Ai~ includes fall detection and fitness tracking

Livio Edge Ai~ real-time language translation

Oticon

Oticon Real~ includes wind noise reduction

Oticon More~ deep neural network powered, emphasizes "brain hearing" support

Daily Listening Hearing Aid & HAT Check

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HAT Troubleshooting

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About Hearing Assistive Technology

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Used in instances when hearing aids alone are not sufficient, such as larger crowds with multiple speakers.

TYPES:

Frequency Modulated (FM) Systems: transmit signals in radio waves; no longer as prevalent

Example models: Dynamic FM Phonak Receiver

Digitally Modulated (DM): transmit signals into digital waves; more widely used,

Example models: Phonak Roger touchscreen, Phonak Roger table microphone (shown in the picture above), Phonak Roger Pen Transmitter

Phonak Roger Guide

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On Phonak's website, various Roger devices are listed. Answer the questions based on the individual's needs, and the product overview/ manual will be provided.

Oticon EduMic (DM) Guide w/ Hearing Aids

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How to Use Roger Devices in the Classroom

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Daily Overall HA & FM/ Roger Check

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New York Hands & Voices

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NY-based community group helping families with children who are deaf or hard of hearing

Empire State Association of the Deaf

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Another NY-based community group, whether you're hard of hearing or deaf, a friend, family member, or general advocate, the ESAD is a place to build community.

Hearing Loss Association of America

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National educational, advocacy & outreach group for individuals hard of hearing or deaf

List of Books Featuring Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing Characters

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This link includes a list of books featuring deaf or hard-of-hearing characters for audiences ranging from infants, elementary school, middle school, high school, to adults.

NY State Department of Accessibility Resources for The Deaf & Hard of Hearing

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Anonymous Lifeline (988) for Individuals who are Deaf, Hard of Hearing, or experience Hearing Loss

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This includes veterans!!

Perspectives on Individual Hearing Differences

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List of Famous Deaf People

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This list ranges from individuals in early education, classical musicians, performers, to vintage and modern pop culture who are deaf.

American Society for Deaf Children

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Their core mission is to ensure that every deaf child can learn sign language. American Society for Deaf Children offers virtual classes to teach American Sign Language if it is not accessible to you in your state.

Spokhand

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AI Sign Language Website