https://padlet.com/amontanez23/uor8tk8g084r9nh en-us 2021-11-23 18:20:29 UTC 2025-11-21 12:47:50 UTC hello@padlet.com tbradley232 https://padlet.com/amontanez23/uor8tk8g084r9nh/wish/1909081485 The Red Summer of 1919 was a period of race riots and white supremacist terrorism that occurred in over 36 cities in the United States. White sailors recently home from the war had been on a days-long drunken rampage, assaulting, and in some cases lynching, black people on the capitol’s streets. African American Veterans were especially a target because they were seen as a particular threat to Jim Crow and racial subordination. "Between April and November of 1919, there would be approximately 25 riots and instances of mob violence, 97 recorded lynchings, and a three day long massacre in Elaine, Arkansas during which over 200 black men, women, and children were killed after black sharecroppers tried to organize for better working conditions." (history.com) The Ku Klux Klan regained popularity until it ended in the early autumn of 1919.]]> 2021-11-23 18:39:20 UTC https://padlet.com/amontanez23/uor8tk8g084r9nh/wish/1909081485 amontanez23 https://padlet.com/amontanez23/uor8tk8g084r9nh/wish/1909083751 The Chicago Race Riot of 1919 occurred in the period following WWI termed the “Red Summer." The Red Summer was a result of intensified racial tension due to the Great Migration which led many African Americans to move North. This led to job competition, overcrowding in cities, and increased militancy among Black war veterans. Two years later in 1921, the Tulsa Race Riot ensued on May 31, 1921, and lasted for two days. Dick Rowland, a young African American shoe shiner, was accused of assaulting a white woman, and the next day the Tulsa Tribune printed a story accusing Rowland of attempting to rape her and promoted a planned lynching. As a result, African Americans and whites went to the courthouse Rowland was being held and there an African American man killed a white protester. The white crowd became enraged, commencing the Tulsa massacre. As a result Greenwood, also known as "Black Wall Street," was demolished, along with the deaths of hundreds.

https://www.britannica.com/event/Chicago-Race-Riot-of-1919 
https://www.britannica.com/event/Tulsa-race-massacre-of-1921]]> 2021-11-23 18:40:49 UTC https://padlet.com/amontanez23/uor8tk8g084r9nh/wish/1909083751 amcentee23 https://padlet.com/amontanez23/uor8tk8g084r9nh/wish/1909091613 African American discrimination and the fight for equal rights has persisted since the time of slavery. In the 1600s, slave ships brought slaves from Africa to Europe and America, which had miserable conditions for them on the ship and once they reached their destination. During the time of the American Civil War (1861-1865), these issues still persisted and even expanded. Famous leaders, such as George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, who both held slaves, took small steps to abolish slavery and the unfair treatment of African Americans. The South in America became a very dangerous place for slaves due to the demand for cotton, and people who resided in the South had little-to-no interest in getting rid of slaves. Through many Supreme Court cases regarding civil rights, the Reconstruction era, and many race riots, there was barely any change for African American civil rights. Furthermore, the "separate but equal" clause resulting from a Supreme Court case created more tensions against black people. This eventually resulted in The Great Migration (1916) of millions of African Americans in hopes for a better life with more opportunities, less fear, less racism, and less discrimination.

https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/black-history-milestones 

https://guides.ll.georgetown.edu/c.php?g=592919&p=4100954

]]> 2021-11-23 18:45:24 UTC https://padlet.com/amontanez23/uor8tk8g084r9nh/wish/1909091613 tbradley232 https://padlet.com/amontanez23/uor8tk8g084r9nh/wish/1909092916 African Americans in the 1920s dealt with segregation and extreme racial oppression. During the Great Migration (1910–1920), African Americans by the thousands poured into industrial cities to find work and later to fill labor shortages created by World War I. Though they moved to escape discrimination, they continued to face exclusion and discrimination in employment, as well as some segregation in schools and public accommodations. 

 https://www.history.com/news/red-summer-1919-riots-chicago-dc-great-migration
https://www.theworldwar.org/learn/wwi/red-summer
https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/civil-rights-act/segregation-era.html]]> 2021-11-23 18:46:10 UTC https://padlet.com/amontanez23/uor8tk8g084r9nh/wish/1909092916 sraroque23 https://padlet.com/amontanez23/uor8tk8g084r9nh/wish/1909095992 In the '30s, the most prominent efforts for African American equality were found in politics, however, prestigious institutions continued some practice of systematic inequality. The presidencies of the decade were separated between Herbert Hoover (Republican) and Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat). President Hoover served from 1929 to 1933, and the most profound action against African Americans he made was the nomination of John J. Parker, a man with anti-Black views, to the U.S. Supreme Court. It was unsuccessful. However, his successor, President Roosevelt, who served from 1933 until his death in 1945, offered profound support for African Americans by recognizing black leaders and promoting his New Deal reforms. Roosevelt is also credited for his "Black-Cabinet" administration in which many black leaders served under him as his presidential advisors. The context of this general idea however is the Great Depression, and although it caused great unemployment among African Americans, the political recognition found in the Roosevelt Administration proves that the Civil Rights Movement was subtly supported and noticed during the 1930s. Therefore, projecting the fight for civil rights in the Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson presidencies spanning from the '40s to the '60s.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/African-American/African-American-life-during-the-Great-Depression-and-the-New-Deal]]> 2021-11-23 18:48:02 UTC https://padlet.com/amontanez23/uor8tk8g084r9nh/wish/1909095992 tbradley232 https://padlet.com/amontanez23/uor8tk8g084r9nh/wish/1909097917 W.E.B Du Bois was one of many black leaders that channeled their activism by founding the Niagara Movement in 1905. He also joined other white reformers in 1909 to form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).]]> 2021-11-23 18:49:12 UTC https://padlet.com/amontanez23/uor8tk8g084r9nh/wish/1909097917 jcifrodella23 https://padlet.com/amontanez23/uor8tk8g084r9nh/wish/1909105169 Before World War 1, African Americans were segregated and treated unconstitutionally from whites in America. The Jim Crow laws stated how segregation was allowed toward blacks in public places, transportation, schools, bathrooms, and more. In the Plessy v. Ferguson case, the law stated that the Jim Crow laws and racial segregation didn't go against the constitution. African American's in the Niagra Movement fought against this discrimination that opposed lynching, the Jim Crow laws, and discrimination against employment and education. In the early 1900s, hundreds of African Americans were lynched along with race riots occurring which led to many deaths in the black community. For years the US government did nothing about these people being killed, so African American activists took charges like W.E.B. Dubois, Booker T. Washington, and the group, NAACP. The NAACP started in 1909 and they fought to give African American's their rights back. Once the war started, African American males were needed to serve in the war, as they did they were still segregated in zones. 
https://www.loc.gov/collections/african-american-perspectives-rare-books/articles-and-essays/timeline-of-african-american-history/1901-to-1925/ ]]> 2021-11-23 18:53:15 UTC https://padlet.com/amontanez23/uor8tk8g084r9nh/wish/1909105169 amcentee23 https://padlet.com/amontanez23/uor8tk8g084r9nh/wish/1909116840 "Blacks were segregated in schools, restaurants, on transportation, and in other forms of public accommodations. They were discriminated against for employment. And all of this was legal. Not only was it legal; it was considered normal..." (Georgetown) - This describes the discrimination African Americans have faced for the longest time that now it is "considered normal."

"It wasn't enough just to separate out blacks - segregation was never about separate but equal. While the Supreme Court naively speculated in Plessy v. Ferguson that somehow mankind wouldn't show its worst nature and that segregation could occur without one side being significantly disadvantaged..." (Georgetown) - Emphasizes the unfair decisions made in the Supreme Court cases to keep segregation. ]]> 2021-11-23 19:00:23 UTC https://padlet.com/amontanez23/uor8tk8g084r9nh/wish/1909116840