IRR: Economic Impacts of Disease-Carrying Mosquitoes by MIRANDA XU

Thesis

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From an economic lens, the evolving population of mosquitoes negatively affects humans to a large extent because of its contribution to loss in goods and productivity, high treatment costs, and association with GDP.

1

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Intro/Context

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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Mosquito-borne diseases are those spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. Diseases that are spread to people by mosquitoes include Zika virus, West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, dengue, and malaria

Claim #1: Loss in goods and productivity

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Statista

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In 2020, malaria alone was responsible for around 627,000 deaths worldwide.

Statista

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In 2022, vector-borne disease funding from the National Institutes for Health (NIH) was expected to be 752 million U.S. dollars, highlighting the importance of battling such diseases.

Mosquito Magnet

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$12 billion a year is lost in productivity due to work absences caused by mosquito-borne illness.

Nature Communications

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Taking all reported goods and services estimates, and avoiding the extrapolation of limited data, invasive insects cost a minimum of US$70.0 billion per year globally, while associated health costs exceed US$6.9 billion per year.

Subclaim 1.1: Loss in Goods

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Malaria Journal

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According to Asenso-Okyere and Dzator [4], on the average, 3 work days are lost per fever episode by the patient and 2 work days by the caretaker. The monetary value of these lost work days to the management and treatment of fever per episode is USD 6.87 and this formed about 79 percent of the cost of seeking treatment in 1994.

Claim #2: Treatment Costs

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JMIR Research Protocols

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Nations suffer the loss of billions of dollars annually by investing in treatments for mosquito-borne diseases. For example, households lose an estimated 25% of their income to OOPE for treating malaria, treatment-related travel, and other diagnosis-related expenses

Subclaim 1.2: Loss in Productivity

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Journal of Parasitology Research

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As malaria strikes farmers in this critical planting, weeding, and harvesting times of April, May, and June, it leads to manpower hours lost [6]. Days lost to malaria illness are assumed to have caused a drop in the percentage of crops harvested, especially among small-scale farmers. In 2017 the estimated output in the Ndop area was aggregated to more than 2220 tons, which dropped to less than 2214 tons in 2018 [45].

World Health Organization (WHO)

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These diseases account for around 17% of the estimated global burden of communicable diseases and disproportionately affect poorer populations. They impede economic development through direct medical costs and indirect costs such as loss of productivity and tourism.

PharmacoEconomics

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Malaria treatment cost

Financial cost:

Recurrent costs: Personnel, Medical supplies, Non-medical, Overhead

Capital costs: Building, Vehicles, Equipment

Economic cost:

Recurrent cost: Personnel (include volunteer time), Medical supplies (include donations), Non-medical (include donations), Overhead items

Capital costs: Building, Vehicles (include donations), Equipment (include donations)

Claim #3: Malaria and GDP Association (Probably Delete)

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The American journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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a 10% decrease in malaria incidence was associated with an increase in income per capita of nearly 0.3% on average.

Conclusion

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mx95044 — 2024-01-29 18:20:40 UTC

Overall, disease-carrying mosquitoes have a negative impact on the economy.

Restate thesis.