The Reformation by Andrew Sullivan

Luther's spread of his ideas

sullivaj27_1 — 2024-10-13 17:18:34 UTC

Martin Luther had spread his ideas through many ways, one very important way he used was the printing press. With using the printing press, it allowed his works to be mass-produced and distributed widely through out Europe. Luther's followers, Lutherans, created churches and schools throughout Europe, spreading his ideas.

Protestantism

sullivaj27_1 — 2024-10-13 17:22:39 UTC

Protestantism is a major branch in Christianity and has a lot of branches connected to it making them part of a Protestant Christian Religion. In protestant religions they believe that the Bible is the main source of authority and truth. They also believe through beliefs in Jesus Christ and the graces of God, human beings can find salvation.

Change in trade

sullivaj27_1 — 2024-10-13 17:45:55 UTC

With the Reformation changing Europe, it also changed a lot in trade, and it had affected multiple European countries. It led to a better transportation system through out Europe and it had increase the amount of trade as well. One major influence was the Protestant faith and once that was accepted it helped a lot through trade.

95 Thesis

sullivaj27_1 — 2024-10-13 17:49:29 UTC

The 95 Thesis was the paper Martin Luther on October 31, 1517 had posted on the door of the castle church, which he did to share his thoughts to the church. The main idea of the 95 thesis was that people could get salvation through faith and only faith, the bible was the ultimate authority and not the pope, and that all humans are equal before god. Martin's whole idea was to not break the church but to reform and try to save the church as much as he could.

Martin's conflict with the Catholic Church

sullivaj27_1 — 2024-10-13 17:51:03 UTC

Martin Luther was an influential german monk who protested against the Catholic Church which had resulted in the reformation. After Luther had posted the 95 thesis the church was not very happy with him and they though he needed to be punished. So at the Diet of Worms, they told him that he needed to take back his ideas and Martins response to that was no. With Luther saying no the church excommunicated him and he then had went into hiding which is when he translated the bible into german and created the Luthern Church.

Calvinism

sullivaj27_1 — 2024-10-13 17:52:32 UTC

John Calvin founded a form a Protestant Christianity called Calvinism in the 16th century. The major beliefs of Calvinism are predestination, total depravity, irresistible grace, perseverance of the saints, literal truth of the bible, and church government. Calvinism teaches people about "that the glory and sovereignty of god should come first in all things."

Predestination

sullivaj27_1 — 2024-10-13 17:53:42 UTC

Predestination is one of the central ideas of Calvinism that shows the control that God has over the world. Calvinists believe that God chose a certain group of people for salvation before the world was created, and that nothing a person does during their lifetime can change their fate. Predestination believes that God established a plan to save people and to not save people based on his mercy.

Continued Calvins Legacy

sullivaj27_1 — 2024-10-13 17:56:14 UTC

John Calvin had continued his Legacy through the methods he used to teach about the reformation of the church, and those methods influenced around the world. His followers spread calvinism all around Europe and taught people about the beliefs of a calvinist. He also had students inspired by him to open up reformed churches and teach them about calvinism.

Elizabeth I

sullivaj27_1 — 2024-10-13 17:58:52 UTC

Elizabeth I was King Henry IV first child with his first divorced wife Anne Boleyn, she was the last of his children to be heir, and she accomplished a lot while she was queen. One thing she accomplished was creating a form of Christianity called Anglicanism, which believed in the authority of the Bible and the gospel of Jesus Christ. Queen Elizabeth I restored Protestantism to England after her half-sister, Mary I, tried to eliminate it.

Charles V

sullivaj27_1 — 2024-10-13 17:59:44 UTC

Charles V was the King of Spain during the Protestant Reformation in the beginning and was also the Holy Roman Emperor. At just the age of 19 while he was king, he was the wealthiest and most powerful man alive during his time. Since Charles V was only 19, that meant he was a lot younger and wasn't as powerful politically, which also means he didn't really know what he was doing while he was in power.

King Henry VIII

sullivaj27_1 — 2024-10-13 18:01:30 UTC

King Henry IVV was at the time the King of England and was very supportive of the Catholic Church. Henry wanted to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, which had led to his conflict with the Catholic Church and the start of the Reformation. The pope refused to divorce their marriage, so Henry created the Church of England and made himself the head of the church.

Education and Literacy

sullivaj27_1 — 2024-10-18 22:14:59 UTC

The development of education and literacy increased by a lot during the Protestant Reformation, which had made a crazy impact on the community. They educated children a lot on the beliefs of the church, bible, and everything about god. Each social class was divided by their education like clerks, peasants, and merchants.

Secularization

sullivaj27_1 — 2024-10-18 22:15:15 UTC

During the Reformation there was a quick shift into investments which moved away from the religious region to going toward secular are reasons. The Reformation weakened the Catholic Church's religious ownership and strengthened the power of secular rulers. In Protestant countries, people no longer had loyalty to the Pope, and the secular ruler became the highest authority.

The Bible

sullivaj27_1 — 2024-10-20 17:41:52 UTC

The Bible at the beginning of the Reformation was only translated into Latin, that priest/popes were able to understand and read. During the Reformation John Wycliffe and Martin Luther translated the bible into different languages than Latin. In 1382, John Wycliffe translated the bible into English, and in 1517, Martin Luther translated the bible into German.

Conflict with the Catholic Church

sullivaj27_1 — 2024-10-20 17:52:39 UTC

During the Reformation there had been a lot of conflict with the Catholic Church on how they were running things. The corruption of the church started with the selling of indulgences and giving people a free way into heaven. People would go to the church and buy indulgences for all of the sins they had made to keep themselves from going to hell and people like Martin Luther had a negative opinion on it.