Diverse STEM Influencers by https://padlet.com/annemarie3437/umrreckkerp0fnl1 Annemarie McCoy en-us 2021-12-08 01:37:22 UTC 2024-10-13 00:52:41 UTC hello@padlet.com Rebecca Lee Crumpler: Early Life annemarie3437 https://padlet.com/annemarie3437/umrreckkerp0fnl1/wish/1934868449 Rebecca Davis was born in 1831 in Delaware. She was raised by her aunt, who cared for sick neighbors. In her book, she writes about how this influenced her career path, "It may be well to state here that, having been reared by a kind aunt in Pennsylvania, whose usefulness with the sick was continually sought, I early conceived a liking for, and sought every opportunity to relieve the sufferings of others." 
She attended a private school in Massachusetts and afterwards moved to Charlestown in 1852 to work as a nurse. Since official nursing schools did not exist at that time, she did not need any official training and continued nursing for eight years.]]> 2021-12-08 01:39:46 UTC https://padlet.com/annemarie3437/umrreckkerp0fnl1/wish/1934868449 Rebecca Lee Crumpler: Career annemarie3437 https://padlet.com/annemarie3437/umrreckkerp0fnl1/wish/1934869316 The doctors Rebecca worked under as a nurse recommended her to the New England Female Medical College, and in 1860 she was accepted. This was a rarity, since discrimination against women and people of color was very common, especially in the medical field. She graduated in 1864 as the first female African American doctor. 
After working in Boston for a short time, Crumpler moved to Virginia near the end of the Civil War in 1865. There, she worked with different charity and missionary groups, such as the Freedmen's Bureau, where she cared for previously enslaved African American. She then moved back to Boston in 1869, continuing to care for those less fortunate who could often not receive nor afford healthcare. In 1883, she published "A Book of Medical Discourses in Two Parts," a book about different illnesses and how to treat them in infants, young children, and young women. It contained information based on her journal notes throughout the years of practice in the medical field. ]]> 2021-12-08 01:40:21 UTC https://padlet.com/annemarie3437/umrreckkerp0fnl1/wish/1934869316 Rebecca Lee Crumpler: STEM Contributions annemarie3437 https://padlet.com/annemarie3437/umrreckkerp0fnl1/wish/1934928923 Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler was the first African American women to earn a medical degree and get her doctorate. Throughout her education and career, she faced much discrimination due to her gender and race. By braving through these hardships and remaining dedicated to helping others, she paved the way and inspired others to follow in her footsteps. She also may have been the first African American author to write and publish a medical book. ]]> 2021-12-08 02:18:50 UTC https://padlet.com/annemarie3437/umrreckkerp0fnl1/wish/1934928923 Williamina Fleming: Early Life annemarie3437 https://padlet.com/annemarie3437/umrreckkerp0fnl1/wish/1934990645 Williamina Fleming was born on May 15, 1857 in Scotland. When she was around six or seven years old, her father died, causing Williamina to become a teacher at fourteen to support the family. 
At 20, she married James Orr Fleming, a 36 year-old widow. He abandoned her as she was pregnant with their child soon after they moved to the United States. To support herself as a single mother, she began a new job as a maid for the director of the Harvard College Observatory, Professor Edward Charles Pickering. ]]> 2021-12-08 02:59:27 UTC https://padlet.com/annemarie3437/umrreckkerp0fnl1/wish/1934990645 Williamina Fleming: Career annemarie3437 https://padlet.com/annemarie3437/umrreckkerp0fnl1/wish/1934991978 Edward hired Williamina in the observatory in 1881, as they had started using cameras through telescopes rather than the human eye. Afterwards, the photographs were analyzed by a team of women whom Fleming was in charge of, as Pickering believed they would be better suited for the meticulous job. They served as "human computers" to classify the brightness and positions of different stars.
She worked her way through the ranks and was designated the Observatory's Curator of Astronomical Photographs in 1898. Throughout her career, she discovered more than 300 variable stars, 10 novae, 59 gaseous nebulae and the Horsehead Nebula. She also identified the white dwarfs, which are hot, earth-sized stars, although they were not named at the time.]]> 2021-12-08 03:00:21 UTC https://padlet.com/annemarie3437/umrreckkerp0fnl1/wish/1934991978 Williamina Fleming annemarie3437 https://padlet.com/annemarie3437/umrreckkerp0fnl1/wish/1935017345 2021-12-08 03:18:49 UTC https://padlet.com/annemarie3437/umrreckkerp0fnl1/wish/1935017345 Williamina Fleming: STEM Contributions annemarie3437 https://padlet.com/annemarie3437/umrreckkerp0fnl1/wish/1935027852 Fleming was the first women to have a title a Harvard University. Not only did she make incredible discoveries, but she and Pickering also invented a new astronomical classification system, which she used to classify 10,351 stars. 
She was a large advocate for women in astronomy, and hired and supervised 20 herself. In her 1893 article she states, "While we cannot maintain that in everything women is man's equal, yet in many things her patience, perseverance, and method make her his superior." She also spoke out against the injustice of unequal pay for men and women. ]]> 2021-12-08 03:26:40 UTC https://padlet.com/annemarie3437/umrreckkerp0fnl1/wish/1935027852 Citations annemarie3437 https://padlet.com/annemarie3437/umrreckkerp0fnl1/wish/1935043075 Hirshfeld, A. (2017, February 14). Williamina Fleming. Harvard Magazine. Retrieved December 8, 2021, from https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2017/01/williamina-fleming. 
Markel, D. H. (2016, March 9). Celebrating Rebecca Lee Crumpler, first African-American woman physician. PBS. Retrieved December 8, 2021, from https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/celebrating-rebecca-lee-crumpler-first-african-american-physician. 
National Institutes of Health. (2015, June 3). Changing the face of Medicine | Rebecca Lee Crumpler. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved December 8, 2021, from https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_73.html. 
Public Broadcasting Service. (2021, December 2). This astronomer discovered over 300 stars during her career. PBS. Retrieved December 8, 2021, from https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/astronomer-discovered-over-300-stars-during-her-career-fakfg/14215/. 
U.S. Department of the Interior. (n.d.). Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (U.S. National Park Service). National Parks Service. Retrieved December 8, 2021, from https://www.nps.gov/people/dr-rebecca-lee-crumpler.htm. 
Williamina Fleming, from Scottish maid to Harvard astronomer. New England Historical Society. (2021, March 27). Retrieved December 8, 2021, from https://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/williamina-fleming-boston-maid-discovered-stars/. 
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