Crucible Introduction Padlet by Roman Paulo Tamisen

Grace/Elect

99054113 — 2023-11-15 02:00:33 UTC

Puritans firmly believed that all people had a select destination of Heaven or Hell at birth. Normally, nobody could change where they would end up, where the "Elect" were the ones who would go to heaven, while the "Damned" would go to hell. Though, thorough the "Grace of God," a damned person could be converted into an Elect. These encounters of God's Grace were usually a form of emotional outburst on the person's end, who would reflect on God's teachings and their life. After this "rebirth," the newly transformed elect would obtain newly found religious power and will.

Puritanism

99054113 — 2023-11-15 02:01:35 UTC

Puritanism refers to the religious movement within the Puritan community, which sought to "purify" the church of the English in the eyes of John Calvin, the founder of Calvinism. Many Puritans who voiced their ideas of Calvinism within England were usually executed for defying the Church's rule. Seeking to separate themselves from the "un-pure" church of England, the Puritans resorted to migrating to the "New World," which would soon be known as modern-day America. With the freedom to practice any religion they pleased in the New World, Puritans started to adopt practices that fit the "purified" nature they believed in. One of these is known as "Total Depravity," in which it states that all humans are sinners due to the actions of Adam and Eve from the Old Testament.

McCarthyism/Red Scare

99054113 — 2023-11-15 02:26:40 UTC

The political cartoon seen above portrays Joseph McCarthy holding two documents labeled "Doctored Photo" and "Fake Letter." To give context, around the 1950s America's fears of Communist spies were at a peak, and were dubbed the "Red Scare." The Red Scare introduced chronic anxiety and distrust among citizens. Such distrust soon made its way to the political system, in which US Senator Joseph McCarthy would lead the "McCarthyist" movement, where he would publicly interrogate suspected communists. As shown in the Political Cartoon, many of the hearings were incredibly baseless and lacked much evidence. Many trials were unfairly treated and resulted in the conviction or blacklisting of the victim.

City Upon a Hill Theory

99054113 — 2023-11-15 02:36:16 UTC

The City Upon a Hill Theory was delivered by John Winthrop during he and his fellow settlers arrived in New England. His theory stated the Massachusetts colony, which is where the Puritans settled, would be destined to become a perfect utopia for the world to follow. Such a utopia would contain citizens whose loyalty to God is unbreakable. This theory states that all sins and flaws of this utopia would be shown if their bond with god were somehow broken, thus showing the imperfections of the "perfect" utopia. This resulted in Puritan society becoming more of a facade on the outside. This can be shown during the witch trials, in which mass hysteria and madness started to form during that social crisis.

The Invisible World

99054113 — 2023-11-15 02:43:38 UTC

The Invisible World was a book written by Cotton Mather in 1693. The book details Witchcraft and black magic and how it all connected back to the Devil's work. During this time, Puritans believed all misfortunes such as disease, natural disasters, and death were caused by the Devil wanting to overturn the Puritan colony. This would end up in the Puritans believing all Witches were hired by the Devil himself. Wanting to stay pure in the eyes of god, the Puritans would persecute people convicted of witchcraft.