História e Hist. da Ciência - Team Assessment by Carol Martins

Science is a set of theoretical and practical knowledge about nature, produced by a worldwide community of researchers using systematized and validated methods within this community, called scientists, which emphasize the observation, explanation and prediction of real world phenomena by means of exploration and experimentation. Given the dual nature of science as objective knowledge and as a human construction, the historiography of science uses historical methods from both intellectual and social history. Tracing the exact origins of modern science has been made possible through many important texts that have survived from the classical world. However, the word scientist is relatively recent, invented by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers.

nickolasnunes00878339 — 2022-08-12 21:17:36 UTC

2022-08-12 21:51:53 UTC

The Middle Ages goes from 476 AD. to 1453, the Renaissance period goes from the 14th to the 17th century. In these periods, science had great contributions, such as:
• Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)= mathematician and astronomer. He was known as the "Father of Modern Anatomy". In his work, De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, Copernicus argued that the Earth is not at the center of the universe but in orbit around the sun, giving rise to the heliocentric theory.
• Tycha Brohe (1545-1601)= He was a Danish astronomer. He made accurate observations even without the help of the telescope. The instruments built proved useful in accurate determinations of latitude and longitude.
• Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)= Was a Florentine astronomer, physicist and engineer. He is known as the "Father of Observational Astronomy", "Father of Modern Physics", "Father of Modern Science" and the "Father of the Scientific Method". In addition, he discovered the satellites orbiting Jupiter which helped to discover that the heliocentric model was correct, thus becoming the strongest supporter of such a theory.
• Keapler (1571-1603)= He was a German physicist, astronomer, astrologer and mathematician.
Creator of Keapler's 3 Laws}
Elliptical orbit law;
Law of the areas;
Orbit laws.
They describe the movements of the planets in the solar system using heliocentric models.
Marianna Erthal Dalla Palma

Equipe 4

camartins2007 — 2022-08-12 21:53:11 UTC

Carolina Martins de Souza
Eric da Silveira Pereira
João Vitor Montrucchio Aguiar
Nickolas Scaramussa Nunes
Marianna Erthal Dalla Palma
Sabrina Giamberardino Bianchetti

2022-08-12 23:03:17 UTC

Speaking of science in the medieval period we can already start with the obvious influence that Christianity had on it. A major difference between medieval science and modern science was the creation of devices, such as the telescope and microscope, with the aim of better observing phenomena.
-Sabrina G. Bianchetti

Science in the Middle Ages was extremely influenced by the Catholic Church. Many scientists did not question what the church said and it was taken for granted that the Earth was the center of the universe for example. At the time of the Renaissance, scientists argued and did not accept what was said by the church, a great example of this is the case of Leonardo da Vinci who was one of the first scientists to dissect a human body, which at the time was considered profane and disrespectful to the human body. divine.

2022-08-13 00:42:51 UTC

João vitor Montrucchio Aguiar.

The main characteristics of modern science during the renaissance were the scientists who managed to change the way of thinking during that period.Nicolaus Copernicus who started his astronomical study on heliocentrism which was not accepted by the church at the time, but which became a reference for astronomy studiesAnother who made his history was Galileo Galilei who was an important astronomer, physicist and mathematician during the renaissance, he built the astronomical telescope and proved the theory of heliocentrismthere were also studies started by Copernicus on the phases of the moon and ended by Tycho Brahe

cavaleirodecalsinha — 2022-08-13 00:49:10 UTC

Carolina Martins de Souza

camartins2007 — 2022-08-13 09:53:15 UTC

Both in the civilizations of the Ancient World and in the Middle Ages, there was a great development in the scientific order and in the knowledge of natural phenomena, that is, the interest in science in the Middle Age was intense, but very different from what was done from the 16th century onwards.

Until around the 15th century, the view of nature was influenced by Aristotle's physics and metaphysics. In this way, the world was seen as a cosmos, endowed with an harmonious order full of correspondences between celestial and terrestrial phenomena, or in other words, there was a view of nature as whole. This perspective, which permeated Antoquility and the Middle Ages, was exhaustively studied by authors such as Alexandre Koyré and Stanley Jaki.

But obviously, science in the medieval world was almost completely influenced by Christianity. The Aristotelian conception of the cosmos was not fully absorbed by medieval doctors, and for the Greek philosophers, the world was eternal in itself, but, for Christianity, the world was created by God and these conflict of ideas greatly influenced how science was seen at the time.