Future Research and Self Application by Bailey Anderson https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7 Application of topics in life, personal life, and research! en-us 2018-06-26 17:16:03 UTC 2024-12-11 10:09:41 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Lightdecrease.png Parkinsons Disease bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/268629199 When learning about Hick's Law and the different information processing steps that are involved in your total reaction time, it made me think of a real world problem that affects information processing and thus reaction time. As we learned, there are three stages of information processing:
1. Stimulus Identification
2. Response Selection
3. Response Programming
It is known that reaction time is affected in Parkinson's Disease and prior to doing some research, it made me wonder what stage of the process is being affected to slow reaction time in people with Parkinson's. 

Once I did some searching, I found out that there has been many different studies on the slowing of information processing in Parkinson's Disease. Most of the studies that I have found talk about the Response Programming stage of the process to be what slows their reaction time. People with the disease experience a lot of trouble fulfilling the movement requirements for the actions.  ]]> 2018-06-26 17:20:25 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/268629199 Muhammad Ali bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/268629762 I took this idea a little further and thought about Muhammad Ali, someone who once had a great reaction time. He was later in life diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease. 
An article by Kevin Skiver for CBS Sports really goes into depth on his disease and some very interesting statistical findings on his reaction times and information processing decreases. A study found that, "his speech decreased by 26% between the ages of 26 and 39." That is a decrease of 2% each year for that span of 13 years. As someone who wants to go into concussion research, another brain related issue, I find this jaw dropping. 

This also lead me into the wonder of if more use of Information Processing research will be used in the future to better understand brain issues. ]]> 2018-06-26 17:27:00 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/268629762 bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/268630237 2018-06-26 17:32:38 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/268630237 Basketball is Life bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/270882144 I was the definition of a "specialized athlete". Since 2nd grade until I was 18, I played basketball 10 out of the 12 months of the year. When we began to learn about the "quiet eye", I immediately got flash backs of game winning free throws and even jump shots. I immediately knew that the topic was something that had been a giant part of my life as a basketball player. As we learned in class, the "quiet eye" is the amount of time that is spent on the final fixation point prior to the completion of the skill. In my basketball career, this was what my coach referred to as "our sweet spot". I found this SO interesting because growing up, I honestly thought this was a saying that coaches used in order to help focus their athletes, but in reality it is a huge concept in the success of a shooter! In fact, the research we learned about in class found that those who were not experts did not fixate long enough prior to shooting the ball than did the experts. ]]> 2018-07-23 16:56:20 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/270882144 The Shot that Broke Hearts bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/270882668 It was the 2013 Badger Conference season and the Monona Grove Girls basketball team was ranked #1 in the state. I played on this awesome team. We were fantastic. Our season was remarkable and we were meeting all of our goals (which in return meant our coach bought us A LOT of ice cream cake!). In fact, we made it to the game that would take us to the State Championship. We were playing a game against a team that we had beat by double digits twice in the season. The game was close the entire time, when it came down to free-throws to win the game. We were down by 1. Our best free-throw shooter was on the line with 0.5 seconds left on the clock. One free-throw and we would go into over time, 2 we would win, and 0 we would lose and our chance at the state championship title would be gone. She missed her first, and her second shot hits the rim, bounces, rolls around the outside, and falls to the ground. She missed. Heartbroken. 
In this case, she rushed her free-throw, filled with nerves. That final gaze fixation time was critical in her success, but the noise of the crowd took over. ]]> 2018-07-23 17:06:28 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/270882668 Our 2012-2013 Team bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/270882954 2018-07-23 17:11:38 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/270882954 Traumatic brain injury and vestibulo-ocular function: current challenges and future prospects bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271462726 This article goes into the explanation that with traumatic brain injuries, the testing typically overlooks looking at VOR function. It is also very rare that there is any rehabilitation following a TBI with VOR rehab even though even the smallest TBI's can cause damage to the vestibular system. In fact, the article states that 50% of concussed athletes state that they experience dizziness which is a direction of vestibular impairments.

The article concludes with ideas about future prospects. The researchers state that in the next years, research will continue to advance and thus increase knowledge on the subject. Furthermore, in order to continue to develop the best practices for traumatic brain injury, visual, vestibular and cervicogenic symptoms in TBI assessment and management should be included.

I though that this was so interesting because when thinking of coordination, everyone always thinks about "hand-eye coordination" so to see the application of "head-eye coordination" is incredible! ]]> 2018-07-30 16:51:49 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271462726 The Vestibulo-Ocular Function bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271463118 In lecture we learned about head-eye coordination. This is an extremely important part of our every day lives. Its function is to make our eye sight and head movements work together! Basically, the head moves in one direction and the eyes move in the opposite in order to focus. This is an extremely closely coordinated system that allows us to move the body but focus on one point. This all together is called the vestibulo-ocular reflex or VOR. 

As someone who wants to go into the concussion research career path, I found this coordination function especially interesting because it its typically affected by concussion!

In order to look further into the research done on the connecting topics, I explored into the research journal databases!
]]> 2018-07-30 16:57:30 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271463118 "Blacking Out" in Sports bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271762406 In lecture we learned about how novices and experts use memory differently. Specifically, we spoke about "choking". Along with this idea of choking, a research experiment looked at memory use in golfers. The results of this study stated that after the researchers were asked to describe their last movement, novices were able to more accurately describe the specific motions they had completed. This meant that novices relied on declarative memory and experts relied on procedural. 
This made me interested in applying this to athletes "blacking out". If we are to take into consideration the results from the previously discussed experiment, it can be easy to understand this topic. If experts are relying on procedural memory, they are not using declarative memory during their movements. This would make it harder for experts to be able to recall their movements while performing! Instead of them seeming as though they "dont know whats going on", they are actually just demonstrating their expert ability in the sport!]]> 2018-08-02 09:00:19 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271762406 Lebron James- Expert Memory bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271763176 Despite the fact that experts use procedural memory, there is always an exception to the rule. Below, the video shows Lebron's excellent ability to remember all actions of the game. ]]> 2018-08-02 09:11:41 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271763176 My Future Research bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271869974 Since I want to spend my future researching anything I can on concussions, a big topic of interest for me is memory. It has been seen that concussions have a great affect on memory. The article below is just one of the many articles on how multiple concussions has really terrible effects on the persons working memory. 

Article published in 2009 discusses the effect of conescutive concussions which produce abnormalities in visual working memory. The researchers used 21 athletes of which 16 had 1-2 concussions and 18 had more than 3 concussions. The aim of the experiment was to understand how working memory storage capacity is affected in athletes with different numbers of concussions. As we learned from lecture, Miller's Magic Number states that the universally accepted amount of memory that can be held is no more than 5-9 separate items. We also know from lecture that info that is not acted upon in the working memory is only held for 20-30 seconds. The study found that athletes with 3 or more concussions had very reduced SPCN waves. Furthermore, the amplitude of the SPCN was directly modulated by the number of items held in the working memory. So, a reduced SPCN wave meant a smaller amount of information able to be held. SPCN also was correlated with the number of concussions the athlete had sustained and storage of the working memory was further decreased with more concussions. Although the research had some limitations, the results of this study allowed more support for the understanding of the terrible effects of concussions on working memory. ]]> 2018-08-03 07:37:07 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271869974 Cumulative effects of concussions in athletes revealed byelectrophysiological abnormalities on visual working memory bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271870086 Martin Thériault , Louis De Beaumont , Sébastien Tremblay , Maryse Lassonde & PierreJolicoeur]]> 2018-08-03 07:38:52 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271870086 bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271873425 2018-08-03 08:45:06 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271873425 bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271873482 2018-08-03 08:46:19 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271873482 bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271873613 2018-08-03 08:48:44 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271873613 bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271873686 2018-08-03 08:50:21 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271873686 Specialized Athletes bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271873705 Another topic that is very predominant in conjunction with the field of concussion is specialized athletes. There are articles and articles on the internet that discuss the dangers in increasing injury risk in athletes that sport specialize. The definition of sport specialization arises form recommendations for youth sport specialization. It is recommended that the youth does not specialize in one sport, thus only participating in it for less than 8 months a year and fewer hours a week practicing than the child's age (Post et al., 2017).  Since we know that being specialized causes more injuries, why do parents still put their kids into one sport year round?

In my opinion, one of the major reasons why is because parents think that they can predict their child's future performance in the sport. If parents had more education on motor learning, they would know that predicting a persons future success from their early perfomance is not very accurate! It is often seen that parents think that if their child is advanced as a child, they will be a D1 recruited athletes or even that if they are to practice 12 months a year, they ought to be the best. With a small little educational session on the topic of predicting perfomance in motor learning, these parents could get a better understanding one who is successful early in participation will not necessarily be a great athlete later in participation. ]]> 2018-08-03 08:50:56 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271873705 Tips to Parents bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271954042 Based on this info, I think that coaches and programs could give more tips to parents other than simple regulations (which in my opinion don't really work). If parents were really to get an educational reasoning why regulations are put into place, they might better understand how their child could be affected. Some points that coaches could use are:
1. allow your child to participate in multiple different sports they are interest in since just because they are good at a specific one, doesn't mean thats going to be their life long passion 
2. it is very, very difficult to assume that a child that is advanced as a child in a sport will be advanced later in life
3. very simply, let your child play and don't attempt to predict future perfomance]]> 2018-08-04 16:41:20 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271954042 bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271954180 Advertisement below is to show parents and youth that you don't need to sport specialize to become a pro athlete. The best youth basketball players could be the best pro football players!]]> 2018-08-04 16:46:15 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271954180 Softball vs Baseball bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271954231 Growing up, my parents friends all had boys and my parents had me. So, throughout the years, I played all of the "boy" sports with them. One of the most common sports we played in our free time was baseball. In 8th grade I decided to choose softball as my high school spring sport. I though that since I had so much experience playing baseball, that softball would be easy! ... oh boy was I surprised. ]]> 2018-08-04 16:48:18 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271954231 bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271954376 2018-08-04 16:53:47 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271954376 Little Did I Know... bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271954393 ... that the skills used in baseball are not very transferable to the skills needed for softball. As we know, transfer of learning is defined as the gain, or loss, in the skillfulness of a skill as a results of practicing another. In my situation, I assumed that there would be positive transfer from my baseball skills to my new softball skills. Positive transfer is when there is a beneficial effect from previous practice of one skill on another. However, I experienced more of negative transfer, which is when the previous experience has a negative effect on the perfomance of a different skill. ]]> 2018-08-04 16:54:17 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271954393 But why..? bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271981140 If we are to investigate some of the theories for negative transfer, I could have really understood why I wasn't experiencing success. The first of these theories is a change in spatial location. Although a softball field is very similar to a baseball field, all of the dimensions are different. The outfield, the base paths, the pitchers mound. Even the bats weigh different and the ball is not the same size. This made it extra hard to steal bases and be able to time throws to bases. Another theory is a change in the timing structure of the skill. The reason that the change in timing structure was so effective on my negative perfomance was because the rhythmic pattern I learned for the skills of baseball were so much different than those of softball. What is often seen with this pattern change is that people produce the old timing before being able to adopt the new one. This change in pattern for me was seen when swinging my bat. It was extremely hard for me to be able to understand how to time my swing from when the pitcher released the pitch due to the pattern of the pitch and the distance from the plate it was thrown. If I would have known more about transfer of learning in motor learning, I would have known that this is something I should have expected instead of getting frustrated!]]> 2018-08-05 10:33:46 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271981140 bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271981378
]]> 2018-08-05 10:48:07 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271981378 The Terms bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271983817 Mental practice, in dummy terms, is basically just visually seeing yourself doing a skill in your mind. This is not meditation or day-dreaming, but really seeing yourself doing the task. As we learned from lecture, visual imagery can come in 2 forms. One form is internal imagery, which is when you imagine yourself inside your body while doing the task. While using this form, the person also imagines experiencing the sensations of the task. The next form is external imagery which is when the person imagines doing the task from the observers perspective. ]]> 2018-08-05 12:38:42 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271983817 Russel Wilson bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271988163 One of the most famous pro football players, Russel Wilson, is a HUGE advocate for mental practice. He uses a mental coach who helps him vision the successes he wants to achieve. His coaches names is Trevor Moawad. Wilson has also expanded his views to his entire team! It is not unheard of for the teams practices to take into consideration meditation. This, again, is not to be confused with mental practice. However, the use of meditation is in place in the practices in order to give the players who have not had much experience with how important your mind can be, a chance to explore. The meditation helps encourage mental practice in the form of visualizing their actions. ]]> 2018-08-05 14:09:53 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271988163 Future Hope! bkanderson3 https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271988370 Again, as someone who is extremely interested in the way that thee brain works, talking about mental practice is awesome! Applying more knowledge in sport is something that I think will become increasingly more prevalent in the next few years. The brain is such a powerful part of the body, which many athletes should take advantage of. If athletes were to be more educated on how beneficial mental practice can be, maybe more athletes would use it! As we learned from some examples of lecture, mental practice has been proven to be a great way to facilitate acquisition and be a perfect ay to prepare to have a great perfomance in a skill ]]> 2018-08-05 14:14:05 UTC https://padlet.com/bkanderson3/ul30f5ve48d7/wish/271988370