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      <title>Legal and Ethical Guide on Equal Opportunities and Access to Education for English Learners (EL) - Keating, Emily M.  by Emily Keating</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1</link>
      <description></description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2023-07-18 15:53:39 UTC</pubDate>
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      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
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         <title>Slide 1: Professional Perspective </title>
         <author>ekeating10</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647286582</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>My name is Emily Keating, and I am a second year teacher. I currently teach 8th grade mathematics at North Belton Middle School in Belton, Texas. Additionally, I have completed a year of studies within a Professional School Counseling Program at Angelo State University with aspirations to serve as a middle school level counselor. In my studies, I've learned the complex role of school counselors, as well as research-based methods and models to provide a comprehensive school counseling program based on the Texas Model for Comprehensive School Counseling Programs and the American School Counselor Association.<br><br>This Legal and Ethical Guide is designed by a future school counselor for future school counselors or those currently working as school counselors. This guide may also benefit administrators, teachers, and other school staff.<br><br>The primary topic of this guide is the legal and ethical components of equal opportunities and access to education for English learners (EL) students.<br><br>I chose to analyze the topic of EL student access to education, because of the growing amount of immigrants in America, especially Texas. In Texas, 20.1% of students enrolled in public schools were considered English learners, with the national average being 10% (National Center for Education Statistics, 2023). Now, more than ever, the EL population needs the assistance and support from school staff to provide them with the resources and opportunities to succeed academically.&nbsp;</div><div><br><strong>References <br></strong>National Center for Education Statistics. (2023). English Learners in Public Schools. <em>Condition of Education</em>. U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences. Retrieved July 4, 2023, from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/cgf.<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2023-07-18 15:58:11 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647286582</guid>
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         <title>Slide 2: Summary of Topic</title>
         <author>ekeating10</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647286817</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Summary of the Legal Guide Topic: </strong><br>1. School counselors often act as a reliable source of information by students and staff. A Legal Guide regarding English learner (EL) support is important for those wishing to serve as a school counselor, because this guide offers practical information of relevant legal and ethical policies, laws, and professional expertise regarding implementation of an effective EL program. Ideally, a school counselor can utilize such guide to help make informed decisions regarding delivery of equal access to education for those who do not speak English fluently. Since the amount of EL students has increased in the past decade, I feel an especially strong desire to be overly prepared for supporting these students in my role of school counselor. <br><strong><br>Emerging Issue Related to this Topic:</strong><br>2. Students who are classified as English leaners are tasked with the goal of acquiring English proficiency after five years of ESL classes. In Texas, the amount of English learners that take longer than five years to become proficient in English is growing (Lopez, 2021). The COVID pandemic and lack of bilingual educators are suspected reasons for the issue. As stakeholders in providing quality education, we have the responsibility to deliver equal learning opportunities for English learners to curb this decline of English language proficiency for our students.&nbsp;</div><div><br><strong>References</strong><br>Lopez, B. (2021, October 8). <em>Texas struggled to teach students learning English before COVID-19. The pandemic made it worse.</em> The Texas Tribune. Retrieved July 6, 2023, from https://www.texastribune.org/2021/10/08/texas-students-esl/</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2023-07-18 15:58:53 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647286817</guid>
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         <title>Slide 3: Professional Association</title>
         <author>ekeating10</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647286997</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>"Supporting Emergent Bilingual Students in Texas" <br>by Texas Education Agency </strong><br><br><strong>Summary:<br></strong>The Texas Education Agency (TEA) created a resource for educators and parents called "Supporting Emergent Bilingual Students in Texas." The section of this site for educators includes EL program foundational knowledge, accountability and compliance, program implementation, and more. The section of this site for parents and families provides newsletters, videos, and other guidance to help families support their English learning student (<em>Supporting Emergent Bilingual Students in Texas, </em>n.d.<em>)</em>. <strong><br></strong><br><strong>Link:</strong><br><a href="https://www.txel.org/Educators%20">https://www.txel.org/Educators </a><br><br><strong>Citation: <br></strong><em>Supporting Emergent Bilingual Students in Texas</em>. (n.d.). Texas Education Agency. Retrieved July 14, 2023, from https://www.txel.org/Educators&nbsp;<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.txel.org/Educators" />
         <pubDate>2023-07-18 15:59:16 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647286997</guid>
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         <title>Slide 4: Current News Articles </title>
         <author>ekeating10</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647287180</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>1. New Periodical: The Texas Tribune <br><br>Summary of News Periodical:</strong><br>The Texas Tribune is a non-partisan, media organization that covers topics such as politics, public policy, government, and state issues. In this particular article, the Texas Tribune addresses how Texas is struggling to teach students English, even prior to the pandemic (Lopez, 2021).&nbsp; <br><br><strong>Citation:</strong><br>Lopez, B. (2021, October 8). <em>Texas struggled to teach students learning English before COVID-19. The pandemic made it worse.</em> The Texas Tribune. Retrieved July 6, 2023, from https://www.texastribune.org/2021/10/08/texas-students-esl/<br><br><strong>Link:</strong><br><a href="https://www.texastribune.org/2021/10/08/texas-students-esl/">https://www.texastribune.org/2021/10/08/texas-students-esl/</a><br><br><strong>2. Current News Article <br><br>Summary of News Article:<br></strong>Due to the growth of English learners' in the United States, EL programs require increased support. In Texas, nearly 20% of students are classified as English learners'. This need for increased support is troubling, due to a nationwide teacher shortage and the COVID pandemic. It is unclear the amount of students that are academically behind due to lack of support from the teacher shortage and pandemic (Novak, 2021). <br><br><strong>Citation:</strong><br>Novak, D. (2021, October 12). <em>ESL Programs Face Shortages, Learning Loss during Pandemic</em>. VOA Learning English. Retrieved July 14, 2023, from https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/esl-programs-face-shortages-learning-loss-during-pandemic/6263055.html <br><br><strong>Link:</strong> <br><a href="https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/esl-programs-face-shortages-learning-loss-during-pandemic/6263055.html">https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/esl-programs-face-shortages-learning-loss-during-pandemic/6263055.html </a><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.texastribune.org/2021/10/08/texas-students-esl/" />
         <pubDate>2023-07-18 15:59:41 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647287180</guid>
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         <title>Slide 5: Current News Articles Extended </title>
         <author>ekeating10</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647287249</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Summary of Current News Article: </strong><br>According to state data, an increasing amount of students are becoming Long Term English learners (LTEL) (Trovall et al., 2021). A few possible explanations of this problem include a lack of state funding of EL programs and not enough bilingual teachers. <br><br><strong>Citation: <br></strong>Trovall, E., Hagerty, M., Zinn, J., &amp; Pinto, N. (2021, April 20). <em>Texas Schools Are Getting Worse At Advancing English-Learning Students, Report Says – Houston Public Media</em>. Houston Public Media. Retrieved July 20, 2023, from https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/education/2021/04/20/396183/report-texas-schools-are-getting-worse-at-advancing-their-english-learning-students/ <br><br><strong>Link:</strong> <a href="https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/education/2021/04/20/396183/report-texas-schools-are-getting-worse-at-advancing-their-english-learning-students/">https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/education/2021/04/20/396183/report-texas-schools-are-getting-worse-at-advancing-their-english-learning-students/</a>&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/education/2021/04/20/396183/report-texas-schools-are-getting-worse-at-advancing-their-english-learning-students/" />
         <pubDate>2023-07-18 15:59:54 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647287249</guid>
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         <title>Slide 6: Original Sources of Law I</title>
         <author>ekeating10</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647287579</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Law:</strong> <br>Equal Education Opportunities Act (1974)<br><br><strong>Citation: </strong><br>Equal Education Opportunities Act of 1974, 20 USC §1701 et seq. (1974). https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title20/chapter39&amp;edition=prelim<br><br><strong>In-text Citation</strong>: <br>(Equal Education Opportunities Act, 1974)<br><br><strong>Source of Law:</strong> <br>Federal Statutory Law<br><br><strong>Link:</strong><br><a href="https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title20/chapter39&amp;edition=prelim">https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title20/chapter39&amp;edition=prelim</a><br><br><strong>Summary:</strong>&nbsp;<br>This Equal Education Opportunities Act of 1974 was put in place to ensure students have equal access to public school education, regardless of race, gender, and national origin. Access to quality public school education extends to students that speak in minority languages or are emergent bilingual (Equal Education Opportunities Act, 1974). School counselors should understand this law to ensure students has equal opportunities at their campus, despite English language barriers.&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title20/chapter39&amp;edition=prelim" />
         <pubDate>2023-07-18 16:00:32 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647287579</guid>
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         <title>Slide 7: Original Sources of Law II</title>
         <author>ekeating10</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647287696</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Law: </strong><br>Castaneda v. Pickard<br><br><strong>Citation: </strong><br>Castaneda v. Pickard, 648 F.2n.989 (1981)</div><div><br><strong>In-Text Citation: </strong><br>(Castaneda v. Pickard, 1981)</div><div><br></div><div><strong>Source of Law: </strong><br>Judicial Law</div><div><br></div><div><strong>Link:</strong><br><a href="https://web.stanford.edu/~hakuta/www/LAU/IAPolicy/IA1bCastanedaFullText.htm">https://web.stanford.edu/~hakuta/www/LAU/IAPolicy/IA1bCastanedaFullText.htm</a></div><div><br></div><div><strong>Summary: </strong><br>The Castaneda v. Pickard court case outcome requires a three-part assessment for evaluating a school district’s treatment of Emergent Bilingual (EB) students (Castaneda v. Pickard, 1981). The assessment must include a sound approach to the education of these students, a reasonable implementation of the approach, and evidence that the approach is valid. School counselors can utilize the outcome of this court case to ensure that English learners' have appropriate academic supports in place to be successful.&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://web.stanford.edu/~hakuta/www/LAU/IAPolicy/IA1bCastanedaFullText.htm" />
         <pubDate>2023-07-18 16:00:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647287696</guid>
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         <title>Slide 8: Original Sources of Law III</title>
         <author>ekeating10</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647287840</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Law: </strong><br>Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)</div><div><br></div><div><strong>Citation:</strong></div><div>Every Student Succeeds Act, 20 USC § 1701 et seq. (2015).</div><div><a href="https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtmlpath=/prelim@title20/chapter39&amp;edition=prelim">https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtmlpath=/prelim@title20/chapter39&amp;edition=prelim</a></div><div><br></div><div><strong>In-text citation: </strong><br>(Every Student Succeeds Act, 2015)</div><div><br></div><div><strong>Source of Law: </strong><br>Federal Statutory Law</div><div><br></div><div><strong>Link:</strong><br><a href="https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtmlpath=/prelim@title20/chapter39&amp;edition=prelim">https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtmlpath=/prelim@title20/chapter39&amp;edition=prelim</a></div><div><br></div><div><strong>Summary: </strong><br>The Every Student Succeeds Act requires every state to measure academic performance, communicate these results with parents, and provide an accessible “state report card” of their schools academic performance (Every Student Succeeds Act, 2015). School counselors can use the outcome of this law to make sure their school is accurately assessing EL students, measuring progress, and communicating academic milestones with families.&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.ed.gov/essa?src%3Drn" />
         <pubDate>2023-07-18 16:01:03 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647287840</guid>
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         <title>Slide 9: Original Sources of Law IV</title>
         <author>ekeating10</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647287951</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Law: </strong><br>Texas Education Code (TEC) § 29.051-29.064., Bilingual Education and ESL Programs</div><div><br></div><div><strong>Citation:</strong></div><div>Bilingual Education and Special Language Programs, Tex. Educ. Code § 29.051-29.064.</div><div><br></div><div><strong>In-text citation: </strong><br>(Tex. Educ. Code § 29.051-29.064)</div><div><br></div><div><strong>Source of Law: </strong><br>State Statutory Law</div><div><br><strong>Link: </strong><a href="https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/ED/htm/ED.29.htm#B">https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/ED/htm/ED.29.htm#B</a></div><div><br></div><div><strong>Summary: </strong><br>This state law requires public schools to offer equal opportunity for students to become proficient in the English language (Tex. Educ. Code § 29.051-29.064). Public schools must also provide a bilingual education and special language program, depending on the state program qualifications. School counselors should be educated of these state requirements to ensure the establishment and implementation of EL programs are effective and appropriate. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/ED/htm/ED.29.htm#B" />
         <pubDate>2023-07-18 16:01:20 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647287951</guid>
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         <title>Slide 10: School Policy</title>
         <author>ekeating10</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647288179</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br><strong>Local Policy: </strong><br>Belton Independent School District (BISD)</div><div><br></div><div><strong>Citation:</strong></div><div>Belton Independent School District. (2022). Equal Educational Opportunity. https://pol.tasb.org/PolicyOnline/PolicyDetails?key=164&amp;code=FB#localTabContent</div><div><br></div><div><strong>In-text Citation: </strong><br>(Belton Independent School District, 2022)</div><div><br></div><div><strong>Source of Law: </strong><br>Administrative Law</div><div><br></div><div><strong>Link:</strong><br><a href="https://pol.tasb.org/PolicyOnline/PolicyDetails?key=164&amp;code=FB#localTabContent">https://pol.tasb.org/PolicyOnline/PolicyDetails?key=164&amp;code=FB#localTabContent</a></div><div><br></div><div><strong>Summary: <br></strong>The school district must provide support and services to students, so they may have an equal access to educational opportunities (Belton Independent School District, 2022). School counselors should be aware of these district policies to ensure students, including English learners', are given the equal educational opportunities to ensure their academic success.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2023-07-18 16:01:58 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647288179</guid>
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         <title>Slide 11: Ethical Principle </title>
         <author>ekeating10</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647288362</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>The</strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong>American School Counselor Association Ethical Standards for School Counselors </strong><br><em><br></em><strong>Summary: </strong><em><br></em>The<em> </em>American School Counselor Association's Ethical Standards for School Counselors states that counselors have an obligation to create an inclusive environment for all children, including children who speak different languages. There are many children in Texas public schools who primarily speak Spanish at home, and this aspect of the code of ethics mandates that counselors must treat these children equally (American School Counselor Association, 2016). <em><br><br></em><strong>Citation</strong><strong><em>:</em></strong><em><br></em>American School Counselor Association. (2016). <em>ASCA Ethical Standards for School Counselors.</em> <a href="https://www.schoolcounselor.org/asca/media/asca/Ethics/EthicalStandards2016.pdf">https://www.schoolcounselor.org/asca/media/asca/Ethics/EthicalStandards2016.pdf</a> <br><br><strong>Link: </strong><br><a href="https://www.schoolcounselor.org/asca/media/asca/Ethics/EthicalStandards2016.pdf">https://www.schoolcounselor.org/asca/media/asca/Ethics/EthicalStandards2016.pdf</a>&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2023-07-18 16:02:21 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647288362</guid>
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         <title>Slide 12: Non-Source Law </title>
         <author>ekeating10</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647288532</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Summary:</strong><br>School counselors have an obligation to assist all school children and to ensure that all students have equal opportunities in education. This website addresses ways in which a school counselor can support English language learners, such as proper course placement and connecting students with extra-curricular activities (Bell, 2019). <br><br><strong>Citation:</strong><br>Bell, H. (2019). <em>How School Counselors Can Support English Learners</em>. American School Counselor Association. Retrieved July 13, 2023, from https://www.schoolcounselor.org/Newsletters/November-2019/How-School-Counselors-Can-Support-English-Learners?st=RI<br><br><strong>Link:</strong><br><a href="https://www.schoolcounselor.org/Newsletters/November-2019/How-School-Counselors-Can-Support-English-Learners?st=RI">https://www.schoolcounselor.org/Newsletters/November-2019/How-School-Counselors-Can-Support-English-Learners?st=RI</a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.schoolcounselor.org/Newsletters/November-2019/How-School-Counselors-Can-Support-English-Learners?st=RI" />
         <pubDate>2023-07-18 16:02:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647288532</guid>
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         <title>Slide 13: List of Recommendations </title>
         <author>ekeating10</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ekeating10/ul1i81i3oyqd1ty1/wish/2647290124</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>List of Recommendations to Support English Learners' Academic Success as a School Counselor </strong><br><br>1. Help English learners identify appropriate courses in which to enroll. <br><br>2. Assist English learners with becoming involved in clubs and extra-curricular activities that align with their interests and areas of growth.<br><br>3. Provide parents and families with information on community resources in their native language.<br><br>4. Partner with English learners' teachers to ensure the students are meeting academic milestones. <br><br>5. Engage school administrators for assistance if it is discovered that an English learner's needs are not being met according to best practices.<br><br>6. Seek to incorporate English learners' interests and hobbies into any meetings or counseling sessions to further connect with the student. <br><br>7. Pair English learner with a buddy that speaks student's native language to help acclimate them to new school setting, rules, and expectations.<br><br>8. Continue to self-educate regarding most recent English learner facts and statistics, research-based interventional strategies, and supports to best relay up-to-date information to EL families, educators, and school staff. <br><br><strong>References</strong><br>American School Counselor Association. (2016). <em>ASCA &nbsp; Ethical Standards for School Counselors.</em> https://www.schoolcounselor.org/asca/media/asca/Ethics/EthicalStandards2016.pdf <br><br>Bell, H. (2019). <em>How School Counselors Can Support English Learners</em>. American School Counselor Association. Retrieved July 13, 2023, from https://www.schoolcounselor.org/Newsletters/November-2019/How-School-Counselors-Can-Support-English-Learners?st=RI<br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www-wce.stjohns.k12.fl.us/guidance/files/2019/08/guidance-counselor.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2023-07-18 16:06:19 UTC</pubDate>
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