Ferrous Metal by MEGAT MUHAMMAD DANI BIN SHARIP https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z en-us 2022-11-07 01:49:53 UTC 2026-02-09 05:33:48 UTC hello@padlet.com Types of ferrous metal 20046701_3 https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372220244 2022-11-07 01:51:32 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372220244 What are ferrous metals 20046701_3 https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372220817 Metals that contains mostly iron. When alloyed with other elements, it is one of the most important metals]]> 2022-11-07 01:52:03 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372220817 Wrought iron 20046701_3 https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372221391 Early wrought iron was made in the fire from ore and charcoal.]]> 2022-11-07 01:52:35 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372221391 Pig iron 20046701_3 https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372221520 Produced by smelting iron ore in blast furnace.
- Contains about 4% carbon and small amounts manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulphur and other impurities.
-Very brittle, not useful as a material. Is an intermediate product to make into subsequent useful iron product such as cast iron or steel]]> 2022-11-07 01:52:43 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372221520 Steel 21037150_2 https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372224382 Steel is an alloy made up of iron with typically a few tenths of a percent of carbon .this is to improve its strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron.
However it does not contain free carbon (graphite). ]]> 2022-11-07 01:55:28 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372224382 Purposes https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372226901 Used to make rivets, bolts, pipes chains and anchors.
Now used only for specialist applications due to high production cost and comparatively low strength.]]> 2022-11-07 01:57:50 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372226901 Bessemer Converter 21037150_2 https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372234429 Process

Molten pig iron was poured into the Bessemer Converter and air was then blown in through tuyeres at the bottom . This is to allow energy from the air to combine impurities to form slag at the top.]]> 2022-11-07 02:04:28 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372234429 Open Hearth Furnace 21037150_2 https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372236018 Process

The heat is obtained by burning a mixture of gas or oil and air over the metal. In order to form a basic slag, Lime is added.]]> 2022-11-07 02:05:47 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372236018 Basic Oxygen Steelmaking 21037150_2 https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372236202 Process

Molten pig iton is put in the steel case container with lime added. Then oxygen is blown at the surface of the molten charge with the impurities being oxidised during the blow.]]> 2022-11-07 02:05:55 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372236202 Electric Arc Steel Making 21037150_2 https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372236337 Process

Heat is needed to melt the charge coming from the electrical arcs. The slag is formed on the surface on top of the charge which is run off by tilting the furnace]]> 2022-11-07 02:06:02 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372236337 Gray iron https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372314309 Allowing the molten iron to cool slowly.
Gives a pearlite structure and graphite flakes.
Soft and weak in tension. Graphite flakes gives the iron self-lubricating and vibration damping properties.]]> 2022-11-07 03:08:56 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372314309 Cast Iron https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372319731 Cast iron is refined from pig iron in a cupola, the material has between 2%-6% of carbon. It is rigid and strong under compression but not tension. It is obtained by re-melting pig iron with coke and limestone.]]> 2022-11-07 03:13:15 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372319731 Alloy steel 20046701_3 https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372319926 Combinations of iron and carbon with some other element or elements added in varied proportions giving specific properties that is unobtainable to the same degree in plain carbon steel.]]> 2022-11-07 03:13:26 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372319926 White Cast Iron https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372322211 The molten iron is cooled rapidly.
this results in pearlite structure and larger percentage of cementite as graphite is not formed during the rapid cooling.
Makes it harder but more brittle.]]> 2022-11-07 03:15:25 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372322211 Nickel steel 20046701_3 https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372325168 - Increases hardness, tensile strength, and elastic limit of steel without decreasing the ductility
-Used for aircraft parts like bolts, terminal, keys, clevises and pins.]]> 2022-11-07 03:18:09 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372325168 Chromium steel 20046701_3 https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372325370 - Has high hardness, strength and corrosion-resistant properties
- Particularly adaptable for heat-treated forging that requires greater toughness and strength that can be obtained in plain carbon steel.]]> 2022-11-07 03:18:20 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372325370 Chrome-nickel steel 20046701_3 https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372325560 - Known as stainless steel or corrosion resistant steel
- Most corrosion-resistant alloy steels
- Often used in aircraft construction known as 18-8 steel as it is 18% chromium and 8% nickel
- The strength of the 18-8 steel can be increased by cold working. Can be rolled, drawn, bent or formed into any shape.]]> 2022-11-07 03:18:31 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372325560 Characteristics https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372325586 It is tough, malleable, ductile, corrosion resistant and has a high melting point. The silicate slags entrained in the material produces a fibrous structure, which allows it to last for extended periods of time.]]> 2022-11-07 03:18:33 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372325586 Chrom-vanadium steel 20046701_3 https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372325859 - Made of approximatety 18% vanadium and roughly 1% chromium.
- When heat treated, they have strength, toughness, and resistance to wear and fatigue.
- Can be cold formed into intricate shape, can be folded and flattened without signs of breaking or failure.]]> 2022-11-07 03:18:46 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372325859 Malleable Cast Iron https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372328395 The white cast iron is annealed, cooled again after not completely melting white cast iron.
Structure where some of the carbon to be separated from the cementile.
Gives better malleability than white cast iron.

]]> 2022-11-07 03:20:55 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372328395 Ductile Iron https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372330614 Magnesium is added when cooling.
The carbon will then form tiny spherical nodules around the magnesium.
Strong and shock resistant.]]> 2022-11-07 03:23:02 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372330614 Easy to machine https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372331615 2022-11-07 03:24:01 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372331615 Carbon Content https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372362352  
Wrought iron is an iron alloy with a very low carbon content (less than 0.08%) in contrast to that of cast iron (2.1% to 4%).
]]> 2022-11-07 03:53:43 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372362352 21037150_2 https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372366320 2022-11-07 03:57:56 UTC https://padlet.com/21037150_2/ujn5j6aqovvy0o9z/wish/2372366320