Learning Theories by Tom Hughes https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt Fill this Padlet board with your research findings. Summarise the theories / who are the key theorists? Can you give examples of how it works? en-us 2022-01-11 11:16:45 UTC 2023-07-12 06:20:59 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f468-1f3eb.png Definition https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986075551 Constructivism is an important learning theory that educators use to help their students learn. Constructivism is based on the idea that people actively construct or make their own knowledge, and that reality is determined by your experiences as a learner]]> 2022-01-11 14:00:47 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986075551 Definition https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986094917 Connectivist learning theory is the use of the internet to learn and share information ]]> 2022-01-11 14:09:08 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986094917 Piaget's Learning Theory https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986098682 Cognitive constructivism states knowledge is something that is actively constructed by learners based on their existing cognitive structures. Therefore, learning is relative to their stage of cognitive development.
Cognitivist teaching methods aim to assist students in assimilating new information to existing knowledge, and enabling them to make the appropriate modifications to their existing intellectual framework to accommodate that information.
]]> 2022-01-11 14:10:42 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986098682 Definition https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986100271 Cognitivism is a learning theory according to which mental processes mediate learning and learning entails the construction or reshaping of mental schemata. Cognitivists believe that knowledge resides in complex memory structures in the human mind called schemata, and learning is the process of changing these structures. ID from a cognitivist perspective focuses on presenting learners with the appropriate information and feedback to shape their mental schemata]]> 2022-01-11 14:11:22 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986100271 Vygotsky's Learning Theory https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986106714 Vygotsky's approach to child development is a form of social constructivism, based on the idea that cognitive functions are the products of social interactions. Vygotsky emphasized the collaborative nature of learning by the construction of knowledge through social negotiation.]]> 2022-01-11 14:14:03 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986106714 https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986107680 2022-01-11 14:14:24 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986107680 https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986107930 2022-01-11 14:14:30 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986107930 Definition https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986111876 Definition: The humanistic theory of teaching and learning is an educational theory that believes in teaching the ‘whole’ child. A humanist approach will have a strong focus on students’ emotional wellbeing and eternally view children as innately good ‘at the core’.]]> 2022-01-11 14:16:07 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986111876 https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986112143 2022-01-11 14:16:14 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986112143 Key theorist https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986114541 George Siemens (2005) founded the term connectivism in his work 'Connectivism- Learning as Networks Creation' ]]> 2022-01-11 14:17:14 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986114541 8 Principles of Connectivism https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986117717 2022-01-11 14:18:38 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986117717 Zone of Proximal Development https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986122593
What Is the Zone of Proximal Development?

The zone of proximal development refers to the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner.

Thus, the term “proximal” refers to those skills that the learner is “close” to mastering.

https://educationaltechnology.net/vygotskys-zone-of-proximal-development-and-scaffolding/

]]> 2022-01-11 14:20:28 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986122593 Jean Piaget https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986137525 The Sensorimotor Stage

Ages: Birth to 2 Years


Major Characteristics and Developmental Changes:

  • The infant knows the world through their movements and sensations
  • Children learn about the world through basic actions such as sucking, grasping, looking, and listening
  • Infants learn that things continue to exist even though they cannot be seen (object permanence)
  • They are separate beings from the people and objects around them
  • They realize that their actions can cause things to happen in the world around them

The Preoperational Stage

Ages: 2 to 7 Years


Major Characteristics and Developmental Changes:

  • Children begin to think symbolically and learn to use words and pictures to represent objects.
  • Children at this stage tend to be egocentric and struggle to see things from the perspective of others.
  • While they are getting better with language and thinking, they still tend to think about things in very concrete terms.

The Concrete Operational Stage

Ages: 7 to 11 Years


Major Characteristics and Developmental Changes

  • During this stage, children begin to thinking logically about concrete events
  • They begin to understand the concept of conservation; that the amount of liquid in a short, wide cup is equal to that in a tall, skinny glass, for example
  • Their thinking becomes more logical and organized, but still very concrete
  • Children begin using inductive logic, or reasoning from specific information to a general principle

The Formal Operational Stage

Ages: 12 and Up


Major Characteristics and Developmental Changes:

  • At this stage, the adolescent or young adult begins to think abstractly and reason about hypothetical problems
  • Abstract thought emerges
  • Teens begin to think more about moral, philosophical, ethical, social, and political issues that require theoretical and abstract reasoning
  • Begin to use deductive logic, or reasoning from a general principle to specific information

Piaget's 4 Stages of Cognitive Development Explained 
(verywellmind.com)


]]> 2022-01-11 14:26:04 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986137525 How it is used for learning https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986148314 finding any technology that strengthens and compliments learning
online courses 
webinars 
dedicated forums
social media (bringing parents and schools together)


]]> 2022-01-11 14:29:48 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986148314 Definition https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986150499 Neobehaviorism, as a branch of psychology, is the study of reinforcements and punishments. It has been used since the 1890s to help explain how animals behave in their natural habitat but have also gained prominence among human psychologists who have applied principles from it to clinical behavior modification.
Neobehaviorism Definition and Neobehaviorism Examples Business Management & Leadership January 2022 (biznewske.com)]]> 2022-01-11 14:30:41 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986150499 Definition https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986157393 Human behaviour is explained through conditions not through thoughts or feelings ]]> 2022-01-11 14:33:24 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986157393 Malcolm Knowles https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986167027
Knowles’ 5 Assumptions Of Adult Learners

In 1980, Knowles made 4 assumptions about the characteristics of adult learners (andragogy) that are different from the assumptions about child learners (pedagogy). In 1984, Knowles added the 5th assumption.

  1. Self-Concept
    As a person matures his/her self concept moves from one of being a dependent personality toward one of being a self-directed human being.
  2. Adult Learner Experience
    As a person matures he/she accumulates a growing reservoir of experience that becomes an increasing resource for learning.
  3. Readiness to Learn
    As a person matures his/her readiness to learn becomes oriented increasingly to the developmental tasks of his/her social roles.
  4. Orientation to Learning
    As a person matures his/her time perspective changes from one of postponed application of knowledge to immediacy of application. As a result his/her orientation toward learning shifts from one of subject- centeredness to one of problem centeredness.
  5. Motivation to Learn
    As a person matures the motivation to learn is internal (Knowles 1984:12).


]]> 2022-01-11 14:37:13 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986167027 Key theorists https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986180408 Watson and Rayner (1920)- Little Albert 
Pavlov (1897)- Pavlovs dogs
B.F Skinner (1953)- Skinners rats 

]]> 2022-01-11 14:42:10 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986180408 https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986186768 http://www.changekidslives.org/actions-4]]> 2022-01-11 14:44:41 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986186768 Skinners Box https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986192343
A Skinner box is an enclosed apparatus that contains a bar or key that an animal subject can manipulate in order to obtain reinforcement.1 Developed by B. F. Skinner and also known as an operant conditioning chamber, this box also has a device that records each response provided by the animal as well as the unique schedule of reinforcement that the animal was assigned.2 Common animal subjects include rats and pigeons.
Skinner was inspired to create his operant conditioning chamber as an extension of the puzzle boxes that Edward Thorndike famously used in his research on the law of effect. Skinner himself did not refer to this device as a Skinner box, instead preferring the term lever box.

Skinner Box: What Is an Operant Conditioning Chamber? (verywellmind.com)

]]> 2022-01-11 14:46:57 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986192343 Carl Rogers https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986192909 Carl Rogers (1902-1987) was a humanistic psychologist who agreed with the main assumptions of Abraham Maslow. However, Rogers (1959) added that for a person to "grow", they need an environment that provides them with genuineness (openness and self-disclosure), acceptance (being seen with unconditional positive regard), and empathy (being listened to and understood).


Without these, relationships and healthy personalities will not develop as they should, much like a tree will not grow without sunlight and water.

https://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-rogers.html

]]> 2022-01-11 14:47:10 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986192909 https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986200365 2022-01-11 14:50:11 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986200365 Principles https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986200773 Behaviour can be controlled through positive and negative reinforcements (operant conditioning) 

It can also be controlled by pairing a neutral slimuli (bell) with a response (salivate) from repeated exposure (classical conditioning) ]]> 2022-01-11 14:50:20 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986200773 How it is used for learning https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986221108 positive reinforcement in classroom- stickers/rewards

]]> 2022-01-11 14:58:25 UTC https://padlet.com/ecmtomhughes/uisnhatnnp3lnhmt/wish/1986221108