Map by Andrea Nicole Marín

End of the war.

a01815801 — 2025-06-27 14:14:10 UTC

The armistice was signed between North Corea, China, and ONU, even though it wasn't a peace threaty, it stopped the war, and created the DMZ. Until today we can see the division between the North and South.
(OpenAI,2025A)

The Last Defensive Line.

a01815801 — 2025-06-27 14:22:36 UTC

During the first months of the war, North Korea pushed South Korea and UN troops to Pusan, which was the last territory in the south with UN control, known as the Pusan Perimeter, which was a crucial part to prevent a complete take over of South.

(OpenAI,2025A)

Havana, Cuba

2025-06-27 14:25:48 UTC

It's Cuba. Their year of conflict was 1962. Its conflict was interstate because EE.UU and URSS were involved because of a confrontation of nuclear soviet missiles in Cuba. There was no direct war, but a lot of tension. (History.com Editors, 2010; OpenAI, 2025)

The UN’s Surprise Landing

a01815801 — 2025-06-27 14:26:53 UTC

The U.S. General Douglas MacArthur led a dangerous landing in the port city of Incheon, the attack took North Korean forces unprepared, leading to the mejor turning point in the war. UN forces were able to recapture Seoul after. (OpenAI,2025A)

Seúl, South Korea

a01815801 — 2025-06-27 14:37:02 UTC

Seúl was captured and recaptured around 4 times during the war, suffering a lot of evacuations and bombings. (OpenAI,2025A)

Bay of Pigs, Cuba

2025-06-27 14:43:17 UTC

Cuba had a communist government. The main actors involved in this conflict were, Fidel Castro, who was the revolutionary president of cuba, John F. Kennedy of EE.UU, and Nikita Khrushchev, who was the soviet leader of URSS. URRS helped Cuba militarily, but EE.UU tried to intervene to prevent communism in America. (Encyclopaedia Britannica, D.; OpenAI, 2025)

Pyongyang capture

a01815801 — 2025-06-27 14:47:37 UTC

Pyongyang, North Korea
The ONU forces captured Pyongyang in October 1950, however the entrance of China forced them to leave

(OpenAI,2025A)

How war started.

a01815801 — 2025-06-27 14:55:49 UTC

War started when North Corea crossed the 38th parallel in different spots, and ended in almost the same lines, this parallel now mark the frontier between both countries.
(OpenAI,2025A)

Luanda Angola

2025-06-27 14:57:57 UTC

Luanda was the capital and MPLA’s main base. The war was intrastate and a proxy conflict. The USSR and Cuba supported the MPLA, while the USA and South Africa backed UNITA. The main causes were the Cold War, colonialism, and social inequality. The MPLA won, but thousands died and the city suffered heavy damage (OpenAI, 2025M).

Huambo, Angola

2025-06-27 15:00:25 UTC

Huambo was the stronghold of UNITA and Jonas Savimbi. It saw intense fighting with MPLA forces. The war was driven by political ideologies, poverty, and the struggle for control. The city changed hands several times. Many civilians died, and the infrastructure was destroyed (OpenAI, 2025M).

Communist stronghold

a01815801 — 2025-06-27 15:02:07 UTC

Hanoi was the capital of North Vietnam, led by Ho Chi Minh and supported by the Soviet Union and China. The city was heavily bombed by the U.S. during the war. It was an Interstate and Proxy War. The North was with USSR/China, and the South was with the U.S/Allies, OpenAI. (2025A)

Benguela, Angola

2025-06-27 15:02:32 UTC

Benguela was important due to its railway and coastal access. Both MPLA and UNITA wanted control. The war was internal but had foreign involvement. Main causes were resource control and the legacy of colonial rule. War disrupted (OpenAI, 2025M).

Moxico, Angola

2025-06-27 15:03:54 UTC

Moxico Province was a key guerrilla zone for UNITA. Savimbi used it as a hiding base. The conflict was rooted in ideological struggle and poverty. It ended with Savimbi’s death in 2002. The area was left with landmines, destroyed villages, and environmental harm (OpenAI, 2025M).

Cabinda, Angola

2025-06-27 15:04:40 UTC

Cabinda had oil resources and a separatist movement. MPLA wanted to control it, while others wanted independence. The war here was linked to resource competition and colonial-era borders. Oil production was affected, and the region faced long-term economic and environmental loss (OpenAI, 2025M).

Cuito Cuanavale, Angola

2025-06-27 15:05:22 UTC

Cuito Cuanavale was the site of the biggest battle (1987–88) involving MPLA and Cuba vs. UNITA and South Africa. The war was about Cold War ideologies. The battle ended in a stalemate, but it pushed peace talks forward. The region was left full of ruins, landmines, and civilian casualties (OpenAI, 2025M).

San Cristobal, Cuba

2025-06-27 15:05:44 UTC

The ideological struggle of this conflict, was communism (Cuba/USSR) vs capitalism (USA). Cuba had overthrown its US backed dictator, who was Batista, that made the USA so angry because he lost power over Cuba. Social or ethnic groups were not revenant here. US stopped trading with Cuba, that made Cuba's economy to suffer a lot, which made them ask for help to the Soviet Union, which made al the situation even worse. The problem began when the US discovered Soviet missiles in Cuba aimed at them. In response, the US imposed a naval blockade to prevent further weapons from reaching the country. (Office of the Historian, D.; OpenAI, 2025)

Kabul, Afghanistan

2025-06-27 15:06:16 UTC

Kabul was the capital and center of the communist Afghan government. The war was intrastate and a proxy war. The USSR supported the government; the USA, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia backed the Mujahideen. The causes included communism vs. capitalism, foreign control, and poverty. Kabul faced bombings, protests, and regime change after Soviet withdrawal (OpenAI, 2025M).

Kandahar, Afghanistan

2025-06-27 15:07:01 UTC

Kandahar was a Mujahideen stronghold and a major battlefield. Fighters resisted Soviet control. The war was fueled by religion, tribal divisions, and Cold War politics. The area was bombed, civilians fled, and buildings were destroyed. The region stayed unstable for years after (OpenAI, 2025M).

Jalalabad, Afghanistan

2025-06-27 15:07:57 UTC

Jalalabad was a key eastern city near the Pakistan border. The Mujahideen used nearby mountains for attacks. The war here was influenced by outside help from Pakistan and the U.S. The area suffered from airstrikes, and many civilians became refugees (OpenAI, 2025M).

Herat, Afghanistan

2025-06-27 15:08:42 UTC

Herat, near the Iranian border, saw early uprisings against the communist regime in 1979. Soviet troops later took control. The causes included religious resistance and foreign influence. Thousands died, and the city was heavily damaged (OpenAI, 2025M).

Panjshir, Afghanistan

2025-06-27 15:09:41 UTC

Panjshir was led by Mujahideen commander Ahmad Shah Massoud. It was known for resisting Soviet offensives. The war here was part of the larger ideological conflict. The area was bombed many times, but Mujahideen forces held their ground (OpenAI, 2025M).

Khost, Afghanistan

2025-06-27 15:10:36 UTC

Khost was surrounded and attacked by Mujahideen for years. The war in this area reflected U.S.-backed resistance and Soviet defense. The conflict ended in 1989 with Soviet withdrawal, but the region remained in crisis. People were displaced, and infrastructure collapsed (OpenAI 2025M).

Cuba

2025-06-27 15:13:43 UTC

This conflict didn't result a war, but it was at the edge of a nuclear war. URSS remove their misiles, EE.UU promised to not invade cuba, so it removed their missiles of Turquía in secret. A hotline named red telephone was created between US and USSR to avoid future misunderstandings. Cuba was now more isolated and dependent of the USSR. (History.com Editors, 2010; OpenAI, 2025)

Belfast, UK

2025-06-27 15:13:47 UTC

Belfast was a main conflict zone between Irish republicans (like the IRA) and loyalists (like the UVF). The conflict was intrastate. It was not a proxy war. Causes included religion, colonialism, and inequality. Events like Bloody Friday and daily street violence happened here. Thousands were killed or displaced (OpenAI, 2025M).

Fall of Saigon

a01815801 — 2025-06-27 15:15:37 UTC

Saigon was the capital of South Vietnam, with the support of U.S.. On April 30, 1975, after the U.S. military withdrawal, North Vietnamese forces captured the city, ending the war.
The Fall of Saigon marked the end of South Vietnam. OpenAI. (2025A). Images of helicopters evacuating Americans from the U.S. embassy became lasting symbols of the war’s end. The Communist victory was an outcome, Vietnam unified under the North.

Derry, Londonderry, UK

2025-06-27 15:19:38 UTC

Derry was the site of Bloody Sunday in 1972, when British soldiers shot civil rights protesters. The conflict was internal and based on Catholic vs. Protestant tensions and British rule. It caused anger and boosted IRA support. The city faced violence, loss, and fear for years (OpenAI, 2025M).

Armagh, UK

2025-06-27 15:20:51 UTC

In Armagh, rural areas saw ambushes and bombings. The IRA was very active here. The conflict was driven by political and religious division. British forces were often attacked. Civilians were caught in crossfire, and towns were damaged (OpenAI, 2025M).

South Armagh Farming Enterprises, Newry Road, Camlough, Newry, UK

2025-06-27 15:22:40 UTC

South Armagh was one of the most dangerous places for British troops. It had many IRA snipers and landmine attacks. The war was intrastate, with deep local support for republican forces. The region was full of fear, and damage lasted long after the conflict (OpenAI, 2025M).

Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2025-06-27 15:22:56 UTC

We are in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Their years of conflict were from 1960 to 1965. It was an intrastate type of conflict because they were internal conflicts with foreign intervention. There was proxy war, because the US and Belgium supported the central government, and the USSR supported rebels in certain stages. (Britannica, D.; OpenAI, 2025)

London, UK

2025-06-27 15:23:21 UTC

London was attacked by the IRA to pressure the British government. Bombings in places like the Baltic Exchange caused deaths and fear. Though outside Northern Ireland, it showed how the conflict spread. It caused economic damage and political tension (OpenAI, 2025M).

Dublin, Ireland

2025-06-27 15:24:39 UTC

Dublin saw bombings in 1974 by loyalist groups, killing civilians. The city also supported Irish nationalist politics. The conflict affected the Republic even though it wasn’t the main war zone. People feared more violence and supported peace talks later on (OpenAI, 2025M).

Battle of Hue

a01815801 — 2025-06-27 15:28:37 UTC

Hue was the site of one of the bloodiest battles of the war during the Tet Offensive.
Viet Cong and North Vietnamese troops seized the city for nearly a month, executing thousands of civilians. The battle caused heavy civilian casualties, structural damage, and U.S. morale decline.(OpenAI,2025A)

My Lai Massacre

a01815801 — 2025-06-27 15:33:17 UTC

Soldiers under Lt. William Calley massacred over 500 unarmed civilians, mostly women, children, and the elderly.
The massacre was later revealed and sparked global outrage, fueling the anti-war movement in the U.S. There was a lot of war crime, psychological trauma, public outrage, as a consequence of the massacre (OpenAI,2025A)

Fall of the Somoza Regime

a01815801 — 2025-06-27 15:38:32 UTC

Managua, was the final battleground where the FSLN overthrew the Somoza dictatorship.
On July 17, 1979, Anastasio Somoza Debayle fled the country, and the Sandinistas took control.
- Internal civil conflict, proxy war in which U.S. supported Contra opposition, Cuba & USSR supported Sandinistas. (OpenAI,2025A)

Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2025-06-27 15:38:34 UTC

The principal characters of this conflict were, the local rider of Katanga, Moise Tshombe, the central government, Patrice Lumumba and Joseph Kasa-Vubu, and foreign people. Belgium supported Katanga at the beginning. The UN intervened to reunify the country, with US and USSR indirectly involved. (Office of the Historian, D.; OpenAI, 2025)

Center of Armed Resistance

a01815801 — 2025-06-27 15:40:54 UTC

Estelí became a stronghold of guerrilla resistance during the revolution.
It witnessed some of the heaviest fighting between Sandinista insurgents and the Somoza National Guard.
Bombing raids and street battles caused massive destruction, drawing international attention. There were civilian casualties, urban damage, and radicalization of rural communities (OpenAI,2025A)

Contra War Base

a01815801 — 2025-06-27 15:44:28 UTC

After the Sandinistas came to power, the U.S.-funded Contras launched a counterrevolution, using rural areas like Jinotega as guerrilla bases. (OpenAI,2025A)
The region became one of the main conflict zones in the 1980s civil war.
The Reagan administration supported the Contras, leading to the Iran Contra scandal in the U.S. This spread a lot of fear and long-term damage to rural populations

Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2025-06-27 15:46:19 UTC

The crisis in Congo became bigger during the Cold War. The USSR supported Lumumba, and the US feared the spread of communism. The Congo had just gained independence but didn't gained a strong government. Also, there were a lot of rivalries between groups and regions like Katanga and Stanleyville. The Congo also had a very valuable minerals like copper and uranium, that were very interest interests for other countries. (Britannica, D.; OpenAI, 2025)

Peace Negotiations

a01815801 — 2025-06-27 15:47:15 UTC

San José hosted the Esquipulas II Accords, a regional peace agreement signed by Central American presidents to end military conflicts in the region, including the Contra War.
It marked a turning point toward demilitarization and democratic elections in 1990, causing ceasefire, elections, and international monitoring (OpenAI,2025A)

Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2025-06-27 15:54:01 UTC

In the Congo the UN defeated the Katanga secessionists, then Mobutu staged a coup in 1965. Mobutu Sese Seko became dictator and ruled until 1997. There was not formal treaty, only the withdraw of the UN when Mobutu stabilized the country. His rule brought a lot of repression, poverty and authoritarian rule. (Office of the Historian, D.; OpenAI, 2025)

Santiago, Chile

2025-06-27 16:19:53 UTC

In Chile, in the year 1973, was an international conflict when the military staged a coup d'etat. It was a proxy war because US supported the army, given that the socialist president Salvador de Allende had ties to the Soviet Bloc. The militaries overthrow him and established a dictatorship. (Britannica, D.; OpenAI, 2025)

La Moneda Palace - Moneda, Santiago, Chile

2025-06-27 16:24:33 UTC

In Chile, socialist president Salvador Allende was overthrown and died during the coup. The military coup was led by General Augusto Pinochet, who later became a dictator. The CIA and the U.S. government gave secret support to weaken Allende’s government. Inside the country, the conflict was between the military junta and the leftist coalition called Unidad Popular. (BBC News, 2013; OpenAI, 2025)

Valparaíso, Chile

2025-06-27 16:26:04 UTC

The coup in Chile happened because of Cold War tensions, as the U.S. feared socialism and communism spreading in Latin America. Inside Chile, there was a lot of inflation, food shortages, and strikes by businesses. The U.S. didn’t want another “Cuba,” so it used economic sabotage and the CIA funded opposition groups. Also, the military generals were unhappy with Allende, thinking he was too radical and would turn Chile into a Marxist country. (National Security Archive, 2003; OpenAI, 2025)

Estadio Nacional - Avenida Grecia, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile

2025-06-27 16:27:15 UTC

After the coup, Chile became a military dictatorship from 1973 to 1990. Around 3,000 people were killed or disappeared, and thousands more were tortured and imprisoned, with places like the National Stadium used as prisons and torture sites. Even though there were many human rights abuses, the U.S. continued to support and maintain relations with Pinochet’s government.