Another thing to keep in mind ...
The adjective clause must almost always come right after the noun that it is modifying.

Identifying (NO COMMAS)

 

Nonidentifying (COMMAS)

(the adjective clause is underlined and modifies the subject “people”.)

Exercise 1 (pg202) (A): Discover the grammar

2.  Y - or are you more like a morning glory, which opens up only at special moments? (that)
(Look at note 8. In formal writing and speech, use a noun at the beginning of a that or which clause.)

3.Y- Stella gets energized once she meets people who make her feel comfortable. (whom)
(Look at note 2. The word that begins an adjective clause usually comes directly after the noun or pronoun that the clause modifies.)

(B). identify the clause as identifying (I) or nonidentifying (NI).

2. Are you the kind of person who resembles a daisy? I.
(Look at note 8. Adjectives clause that distinguishes one person / thing from another. The clause is not enclosed in commas.)

3.Nancy, who started her own greeting card business several years ago, is the perfect example. NI.
(Look at note 8. Adjectives clause that adds extra information but does not distinguish one person or thing from another. The clause is enclosed in commas.

1.    I have there and two brothers, that / whichmade things pretty crowded when we were growing up. (note 8. Which  can be used in formally to refer to an entire previous idea)

2.    Our house, which / that is four stories high, has eight bedrooms.

(note 3. To refer to things use which & that as the subjects of verbs in adjective clause.)

 

1.    The company has existed for 15 years. It I is named Excelsior Computer. (Which)

The company has existed for 15 years. Which it is named Excelsior Computer.

2.    The building is located downtown. We do most of our work in the building. (Where)

The building is located downtown where we do most of our  work in the building.

3.    Darren Corgatelli is the boss. His wife is my aunt. (Whose)

Darren Corgatelli is the boss whose wife is my aunt. (note 5. Used to replace his/her/its/their. Adjective clause with whose can modify people or things.

1.       I put the vase on the top of the TV set that is in the living room. This mean 

a.       I have more than one TV set

b.      I have only one TV set

2.       “Have you ever met the man ______ over there?”

“No. Who is he?”

a.       Stands

b.      Who stands

c.       Which is standing

d.      Who is standing

3.       There is one student in my class who _____ Greek.

a.       Speaks

b.      Speak

c.       Do speak

4.       A woman _____ teaches linguistic at the university received an award for outstanding research.

a.       Who

b.      Which

c.       Whose

d.      Leave blank

5.       There are three students in my class who ____ French.

a.       Speaks

b.      Speak

c.       Do speak

6.       Pine trees, which are evergreen, grow well in cold climates. This means

a.       All pine trees are evergreen

b.      Only some pine trees are evergreen

7.       The earth, ____ is the fifth largest planet in the solar system, is the third planet from the sun.

a.       Who

b.      That

c.       Which

d.      Whose

8.       People who _____ from shyness can sometimes overcome their problem by taking a public speaking course.

a.       Suffers

b.      Has suffered

c.       Suffer

9.       The award for Most Valuable Player was won by a player_____ the coaches and the entire team respect.

a.       Whose

b.      Whom

c.       Which

10.   The students ____ cars were parked in the staff parking lot received tickets.

a.       Who

b.      That

c.       Which

d.      Whose

 

2.Adjective clause often begins with a relative pronoun : who, whom, which, that, whose , when or where.

   Things : which and that

  BE CAREFUL ! Do not use a double subject in adjective clause.

       NOT : The Putut test, that I took                      a long time ago, has     
                    proved to be accurate.

Things : which and that

BE CAREFUL ! Whose cannot be OMITTED.
Harvey, whose house we're renting , is a lawyer.
NOT : Harvey, house we're renting, is a lawyer.

NOT : Rio de Janeiro is a city where has beautiful scenery. (X)

You cannot omit the relative pronoun in a nonidentifying adjective clause.

       NOT : That's Tolak, you met on                    Friday.

Which - facts , description

Example:

   I.        I enjoy nature change, which  means I like having four seasons.

  II.        The farther you travel, the more different life can be, which makes it hard to stay away from home for very long.

-  Look at he position of relative pronouns which, it’s the first words of the adjective clause but it refers back to the whole idea, presented in the main clause.

Another example:

    I.        We hope to take a family vacation this summer, which means we need to start to saving now.

    II.        We hope to take a family vacation this summer, that means we need to start saving now.
-  Use of relative pronouns allows us to combine the two ideas and show the close connection between them.

Are which, that, who the only relative pronouns? That can be use to form adjective clause. No. There are other relative pronouns. That is:

1.    WHO vs WHOM:

Whom: - most likely to be seen on writing (formal)

-   To refer to people and only when its an object pronoun

-   Example: A friend is someone with whom we can freely share our laughter and tears. (formal)

-   A friend is someone we can freely share our laughter and tears with. (not formal)

2.    WHO vs WHOSE

Example: - A friend is someone whose advice we value or at least appreciate.

ü  No other relative pronouns would work on that sentence, whose cant be replace, cause  whose is possessive. That have connection. 

3.    WHEN, WHERE, & WHY – Has limited users of course as relative pronouns.

o   When – for time periods, possible head nouns :- a day when… the moment when… the season when…

o   Where – for places. Possible head nouns :- a place where… a point where… the room where…

o   Why – for reasons. Possible head nouns :- a reason why… the reason why…

4.    WHICH / THAT vs WHERE

o   Cant always use where, everytime referring to a place.

o   You can use relative pronouns where,  when you can rewrite the idea using there.

o   Example: everyone need a place where they can relax.

-   Everyone need a place, they can relax there. (meaning in that place)

o   WHY :- Can you give me reason why  you cant come?

-   Here we can drop the relative pronouns why, the head nouns is clear, the sentences makes senses without it.