Biological Beginings by Sherry Garafano https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r en-us 2016-10-04 14:55:45 UTC 2016-10-07 12:43:03 UTC hello@padlet.com Conception is the earliest stage of growth, this is where the sperm fertilizes the egg. garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128203566 2016-10-04 15:04:03 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128203566 We have 23 chromosomes from our mother and 23 chromosomes from our father. garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128203965 2016-10-04 15:04:57 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128203965 The 23rd pair of chromosomes is known as the sex chromosome and this tells us the gender of the baby. garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128210974 2016-10-04 15:20:37 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128210974 Mitosis begins, in which it produces two new cells that contain a duplicate set of chromosomes.  The new cells divide to form four cells, then these cells divide to form eight cells, and it keeps going until there is a duplicate set of the original 46 chromosomes. garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128211071 2016-10-04 15:20:49 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128211071 After this the growing organism makes its way down the mother’s fallopian tube and into the uterus to attach itself to the uterine lining where the further growth and development occurs and then known as an embryo. garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128211170 2016-10-04 15:21:00 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128211170 The chromosomes in the nucleus are made up of DNA and in the DNA are genes.  Genes are functional sections of DNA; they are known as the “coded” section and provide a blueprint to the cell for how to produce proteins and enzymes.  They come in matching pairs from each parent just as chromosomes do. garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128211322 2016-10-04 15:21:22 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128211322 garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128227685 2016-10-04 15:54:15 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128227685 garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128671769 CONCEPTION]]> 2016-10-06 01:38:43 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128671769 garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128671812 PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT

]]> 2016-10-06 01:39:15 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128671812 garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128671897 Prenatal development refers to the stages of a baby at conception, to an embryo and later a fetus]]> 2016-10-06 01:40:27 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128671897 garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128672191 2016-10-06 01:43:46 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128672191 garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128672450 There are 3 main stages of prenatal development
1. Germinal Stage-which is from conception to 2 weeks. (period of zygote)
2.  Embryonic Stage- this is between 3-8 weeks. (fertilization to implantation)
3. Fetal Period- this is from week 9 to birth.

]]> 2016-10-06 01:46:15 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128672450 During the first stage cell division is occurring rapidly and develop into a blastocyst, which has 3 layers.  They are the ectoderm (skin and nervous system), endoderm (respiatory and digestive) and the mesoderm (skeletal and muscular). garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128672837 2016-10-06 01:50:44 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128672837 During the second stage the babies head starts to form, along with all other basic organs except for the sex organ. garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128673081 2016-10-06 01:53:27 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128673081 garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128673156 During the final stage the baby continues to grow, the sex organs develop, the heartbeat gets faster and stronger, fingernails grow, eyelashes grow, etc. ]]> 2016-10-06 01:54:18 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128673156 garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128673374 Typical development depends on the genome (complete set of genetic material present) to help tell the body what it needs to grow and function properly. It also depends on the environment to allow for range of inputs and social interactions to function properly.]]> 2016-10-06 01:56:59 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128673374 garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128674287 There are sex linked chromosome abnormalities, such as :
1. Down Syndrome- A genetic chromosome 21 disorder causing developmental and intellectual delays.
2. Klinefelter Syndrome-a male is born with an extra copy of the X chromosome.
3. Fragile X Syndrome- causes intellectual disability
4. Turner Syndrome- a female is born with only one X chromosome
5. XYY Syndrome- a male has an extra Y Chromosome.]]> 2016-10-06 02:09:14 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128674287 garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128674697 Gene linked abnormailities include:
1. PKU
2. Sickle Cell ANemia
3. Cystic Fibrosis
4. Diabetes
and many others]]> 2016-10-06 02:13:32 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128674697 3 Trimesters of Pregnancy garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128674973 2016-10-06 02:16:15 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128674973 BIRTH PROCESS garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128675115 2016-10-06 02:17:40 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128675115 garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128950519 1. Contractions start
2. Baby's head starts moving down to the birth canal, as contractions get stronger and last longer the close the mother is to delivering.  When a woman is 10cm dilated then they are ready to actually give birth.
3. After the baby is born, the umbilical chord gets cut and the placenta is detached and comes out as well.]]> 2016-10-06 18:59:17 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128950519 garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128951697 Almost all childbirths in the U.S. occur in hospitals. Home births are more common outside of the U.S. and typically need a midwife to help deliver the baby.

]]> 2016-10-06 19:02:36 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128951697 garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128952164 During labor and deliver the mother can choose to have an epidural which is a needle that gets put into the lower back and injects an anesthetic to numb it, this way the mother does not feel as much pain.  Some women believe this will have effects on the baby so they rather not get it and have a natural childbirth.  Also, in some cases the mother can not have a natural child birth due to certain risk factors or breech babies so they have to have a c-section.]]> 2016-10-06 19:04:12 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128952164 garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128953134 There are certain kinds of non-medicated births such as water birth, hypnosis, and music therapy to reduce stress and pain.]]> 2016-10-06 19:07:31 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128953134 garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128953617 Once the baby is born the nurses and doctors have to make sure it is healthy.
They use and Apgar Scale to measure the babies heart rate, reflexes and color. They use a BNBAS (Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale) to check the babies neurological responses.  Also, they use a NNNS (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale)
to analyze behavior and stress responses.


]]> 2016-10-06 19:08:56 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128953617 garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128955261 On occasions babies can be born prematurely (35 weeks or less), have low birth weights (less than 5.5lbs), or very low birth weights (less than 3lbs).

]]> 2016-10-06 19:13:31 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128955261 garafano_s https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128956166 2016-10-06 19:16:11 UTC https://padlet.com/garafano_s/uebjqwbtj25r/wish/128956166