French Revolution by Fernanda Esparza Fomperosa

Political

a01285313 — 2019-09-24 13:08:43 UTC

France was the centre of autocratic monarchy. French Monarchs had absolute power .
Louis XIV was a powerful monarch. He was an good ruler, who participated in many wars.
French Monarchs engaged themselves at the royal court of Versailles. They could arrest any person at any time and imprisoned them.
Louis XV's weakened the economic condition of France. He fought the Seven Years War against England which brought nothing for France. France became bankrupt due to over expenditure in wars and luxury.

APA: Vikram Rana. (2019). Causes of French Revolution: Political, Social and Economic Causes. 2019, de History Discussion Sitio web: http://www.historydiscussion.net/world-history/french-revolution/causes-of-french-revolution-political-social-and-economic-causes/1881

Economical

a01285313 — 2019-09-24 13:11:33 UTC

France economy became poor due to the foreign wars of Louis XIV. During the reign period of Louis XVI, the royal treasury became empty because of the queen Marie Antoinette.
Louis XVI appointed Turgot as his Finance Minister, he advised the king to impose taxes on all the society. But due to the interference of Marie Antoinette, Louis XVI dismissed Turgot.
The next person who was the Finance Minister of France in was Callone. He adapted the policy of borrowing in order to meet the expenditure of the royal court.
Callone proposed to impose taxes on all the classes. But he was dismissed by the king. In this situation. The economic instability formed one of the most important causes of the French Revolution.

Social

a01285299 — 2019-09-24 13:11:39 UTC

* During this era the social conditions in French were totally miserable and society was divided in 3 powers ; clergy, Nobels, and common people. these distinctions were made very clear In France which caused French people to be tired of being treated as if they were way less than others.
Rana, V. (2019). Causes of French Revolution. Retrieved from http://www.historydiscussion.net/world-history/french-revolution/causes-of-french-revolution-political-social-and-economic-causes/1881

*First the clergy: they belonged to the first estate and it was divided in subgroups: the higher-clergy and the lower-clergy the higher, occupied the higher position in society. Because of the enlightenment France started to doubt if the church was really whether said they were and if the religion they taught was the only one.
Rana, V. (2019). Causes of French Revolution. Retrieved from http://www.historydiscussion.net/world-history/french-revolution/causes-of-french-revolution-political-social-and-economic-causes/1881

*The nobility was considered the second estate in society. and it was also sub-divided in: the court Nobels, and the povincial nobels
the court lived in pure luxury while the provincial Nobels paid attention to the problems of the people. People started to open their eyes to see that while they lived in full misery, Nobels lived in luxury and they spent all their money in unnecessary things instead of giving the common people food and a place to live in.
Rana, V. (2019). Causes of French Revolution. Retrieved from http://www.historydiscussion.net/world-history/french-revolution/causes-of-french-revolution-political-social-and-economic-causes/1881

* And finally the common people. they were usually farmers, they lived in miserable conditions and they had to pay extra taxes. They passed cold, and extreme hunger, this is why they decided to reveal and start a revolution so they would start to live well and in good conditions.
Rana, V. (2019). Causes of French Revolution. Retrieved from http://www.historydiscussion.net/world-history/french-revolution/causes-of-french-revolution-political-social-and-economic-causes/1881

Religious

2019-09-24 13:13:11 UTC

- The official religion at the beginning of the revolution was Catholicism. At the time the church acknowledged the authority of the pope as the head of the church, but were able to give certain responsabilitys that would favor to the monarchs
- After the causes of the enlightenment, the philosophers started questioning things and it brought religious belief down a bit, so by the beginning of the French revolution, there was already doubt about the church, and since there wasnt as many followers as before, the church was losing power.
- Before the revolution the clergy had a big say when it came to the Estates general. Because of "partnership" with the nobility, the laws people proposed, that may not have favoured the church, were not passed. This led to the tenis court oath which is a significant moment in french history.
- With the revolution happening and things changing the people took it into their own hands to kick the clergy out of their high position, and took it into their own hands to try and de-cristianice people. this caused the downfall of Catholicism at a large stage.

Military

a01285204 — 2019-09-24 13:13:25 UTC

· On 1791 a decree of the King established 3 armase to protect France: Army of the center, Army of the north and Army of the Rhine. Years later they established more armies different Kings.
· A decree from the king establishes the Army of the South, then France declares war on Austria and Prusia declares war on France. The Brunswick Manifesto is issued and threatens the destruction of Paris. The Army of the Interior is created to protect Paris.
· Thus, the five articles take us from the controversy around state access to the private correspondence of its citizens in the first years of the French Revolution through to the tactics adopted by France’s military courts as part of an Italian counter-insurgency strategy at the start of the Napoleonic Empire.
· The judicial arm of the military took over to investigate and try rebel leaders. Harsanyi describes that an interpretive framework was to separate the leadership from a misled majority, with this being offered to communities as a way of both escaping punishment and becoming more integrated into the system of French rule. Enraged Napoleon, who demanded much heavier reprisals.
· Germani’s work adopts to the system of military justice which was supposed to control France’s vast Revolutionary armies. The records of the conseils militaires and their replacement, the conseils de guerre, for the armies in Germany and Italy show how challenging it was for the authorities to maintain military discipline or to control the impact an army had on the civilian world.

Nathan D. Jensen. (2019). Organization of French Revolutionary Armies 1791 - 1801. 24/09/19, de French empire Sitio web: _{https://www.frenchempire.net/articles/armies/}

Justice in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Periods Alex Fairfax-Cholmeley, Lecturer in European History, University of Exeter. (2019). Justice in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Periods. 25/09/19, de Oxford University Press Sitio web: https://academic.oup.com/fh/pages/justice_in_the_revolutionary_and_napoleonic_years_introduction