Roof and storey partition by Chiłła Daniel (STUD) https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y en-us 2022-08-26 06:59:46 UTC 2026-01-27 18:45:20 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f998.png Insects and cracks juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272444988 Little holes suggest possible infestation ]]> 2022-08-26 07:15:38 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272444988 Holes in thermal insulation juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272447335 When insulation is not hermetic thermal bridges allow heat to escape the building ]]> 2022-08-26 07:18:48 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272447335 Ridge detail DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272450729 The ridge end of the rafters was joined with a slash secured with wooden dowel. The connection is supported by new beams and steel nails. ]]> 2022-08-26 07:23:50 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272450729 Corrosion juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272451385 Exposed rusty reinforcements where beams connect to the wall]]> 2022-08-26 07:24:50 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272451385 Damages to 50s/60s roof juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272453900 2022-08-26 07:28:41 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272453900 Details drawings DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272454484 The joints in our truss are made in a traditional way. There are no steel elements, every little part of it is made of timber. There is a mortise, a tennon and a wooden dowel. 
The whole joint works as a one element because it is all one material.]]> 2022-08-26 07:29:39 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272454484 Details of timber truss in our building DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272455457 2022-08-26 07:31:01 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272455457 Damp and fungus juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272458866 White spots on the timber beam can possibly be fungal. Dampness makes wood more fragile and therefore old truss needed to be supported with new joists ]]> 2022-08-26 07:36:30 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272458866 Timber joist between the rafters DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272459782 Roof underlayment foil provides the ventilation (thanks to the gap between the sheets) stops the condense. ]]> 2022-08-26 07:37:43 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272459782 Timber cube supporting the end of the rafter DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272461444 2022-08-26 07:40:13 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272461444 New rafters and ridge beam DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272462982 2022-08-26 07:41:41 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272462982 Other possible damages juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272463788 - Frost damage (water increases in volume when it freezes and puts pressure on components)
- Missing tiles or teared roof felt - can cause leaks
- Insufficient ventilation - roof can't breathe -> condense 
- Damaged downpipes and gutters - can cause overflow 
- Rot]]> 2022-08-26 07:43:04 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272463788 Damages to 50s/60s Baumadeck slabs juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272464481 2022-08-26 07:44:10 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272464481 Timber planks carrying the heat insulation DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272464873 All these new planks are nailed to the older collar beam. The heat insulation made of glass wool.]]> 2022-08-26 07:44:52 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272464873 The heat insulation seen from the top DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272466899 From the top we can see the ventilation pipes hidden in the insulation. ]]> 2022-08-26 07:48:19 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272466899 Water damage juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272469867 During execution water from concrete can be transfered into other components if not properly damp-proofed and cause problems later e.g corrosion of steel joists]]> 2022-08-26 07:53:21 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272469867 The wooden platform on the top of the insulation DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272470842 There are more insulated pipes and badly maintained glass wool]]> 2022-08-26 07:55:01 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272470842 Rust juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272472437 Rust can appear on anchors holding the slab on loadbearing walls]]> 2022-08-26 07:57:46 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272472437 Installations for Baumadeck juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272474391 2022-08-26 08:00:59 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272474391 Ventilaton, water and gas pipes juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272479943 Placement of the pipes has to be planned before laying the reinforcement and casting - after that it is not easy to cut holes because blocks can crack]]> 2022-08-26 08:08:52 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272479943 Gas pipes cannot touch electrical wires! juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272481150 2022-08-26 08:11:00 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272481150 Electrical installation juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272484097 2022-08-26 08:15:10 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272484097 juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272485450 Cables were often placed in steel pipes fixed to the bottom of the slab ]]> 2022-08-26 08:17:10 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272485450 juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272489933 Light was usually limited to one source in the middle of the ceiling ]]> 2022-08-26 08:24:41 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272489933 Gas pipes were made of black steel and water pipes of galvanised steel. Ventilation was made with cinder blocks juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272493909 2022-08-26 08:30:30 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272493909 Mansard roof DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272494041 Mansard roof allows us to have larger attic - we can make dwelling inside. It's called 'mansard' due to the french architect' name - Mansart. He redesigned Paris in XIX century and he spread this type of construction.]]> 2022-08-26 08:30:45 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272494041 Copenhager roof DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272495214 The Copenhager roof it's almost the same as the mansard roof. The top of the roof is flattened so the volume of the noninsulated attic is reduced. The name comes from the city of Copenhagen and the amount of this type of roof there.]]> 2022-08-26 08:32:49 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272495214 Ventilation juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272497022 Ventilation flues were tin ducts carrying air up and out of the roof]]> 2022-08-26 08:36:03 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272497022 Water juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272499939 Wastewater pipes and downpipes could be connected into one system - nowadays they are separate ]]> 2022-08-26 08:40:50 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272499939 Trussed rafter roof DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272500436 The trussed rafter roof is made of some diagonally set beams that support the rafters and provide the stiffnes of the whole construction.]]> 2022-08-26 08:41:39 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272500436 Fire and sound conditions https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272502967 2022-08-26 08:45:42 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272502967 Other problems observed in the building juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272506328 2022-08-26 08:51:11 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272506328 juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272507682 Height differentiate from room to room]]> 2022-08-26 08:53:37 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272507682 Collar roof DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272509308 The collar roof truss is made of: rafters that meet in ridge, the collar beam that connects rafters and the joist that holds the ends of the rafters. 
The joist is placed at the bottom of the construction and is supported by wall-plate beams.]]> 2022-08-26 08:54:48 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272509308 juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272509435 Unevenness because of installations underneath the slab or suspended ceilings]]> 2022-08-26 08:55:02 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272509435 juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272510583 Doorsteps and small height differences in the floor - difficulty for people with mobility problems ]]> 2022-08-26 08:56:51 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272510583 Collar roof with knee brace DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272513662 The connections between rafters and a wall is supported by a knee-brace which is a diagonally placed beam that connects wall-plate and collar beam.]]> 2022-08-26 09:01:59 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272513662 Collar roof with eaves DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272515864 Collar roof but with the eaves.]]> 2022-08-26 09:04:51 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272515864 Our roof - collar with eaves DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272516304 The roof in our building is the collar-roof with eaves.]]> 2022-08-26 09:05:41 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272516304 juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272524032 2022-08-26 09:19:51 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272524032 Soundproofing https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272524339 For light tires the air sound is around 42-43 dB. Air sound by heavy tires is around 46-47 dB (silent to limited).
Stepping noises depends on the flooring.]]> 2022-08-26 09:20:31 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272524339 Better soundproofing https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272526339 For better soundproofing we could add some extra layers or replace some layers. 
For example you could add fermacell® for better acoustic. 
The kind decking of the floor can also make better soundproofing. Vinyl with click is an example.]]> 2022-08-26 09:24:34 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272526339 Detail of the top of the roof DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272527453 To provide the water proofing on the top of the roof there is a special ridge tile that covers the top of the roof tiles. The gaps are filled with mortar bedding.]]> 2022-08-26 09:26:58 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272527453 fermacell® https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272527759 2022-08-26 09:27:38 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272527759 Vinyl with click https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272528258 2022-08-26 09:28:36 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272528258 Types DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272530515 2022-08-26 09:33:10 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272530515 Baumadeck - general info DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272533774 The floor slab technology called the Baumadeck is made of ceramic blocks, reinforcement rods and concrete. It provides high fire protection and soundproofing. It's relatively light due to holes in blocks. That technology makes construction stiff and stable. ]]> 2022-08-26 09:39:18 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272533774 How the baumadeck is constructed DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272541810 The baumadeck is made by constructing supportive timber scaffolding. Then we place reinforcement rods between the walls and between the rods we put the ceramic blocks. After that we pour the concrete and in a few weeks the floor slab is done. ]]> 2022-08-26 09:56:30 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272541810 TIMELINE gaiagerletti https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272543311 2022-08-26 10:00:00 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272543311 Type 1 Baumadeck DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272545752 2022-08-26 10:05:41 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272545752 1850-90 gaiagerletti https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272546495 -From 1856 all rafter constructions were constructed as "saddle-roofs" with a maximum of 45 degrees.
-Later a sole-plate was mounted on top of the joins and the rafters mounted on the top of this.
-From 1889 roofs were built with pitches more than 45 degrees.

- Joist construction depends on the roof form. 
- Joists were often supported by walls main partition walls.
- Roof claddings and roof flashing: in the period up to 1910 most popular materials were pan tiles, natural slate tiles and zinc-plate cladding.


]]> 2022-08-26 10:07:13 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272546495 gaiagerletti https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272547100 If the stud wall is high, it is anchored to the brickwork of the outer wall]]> 2022-08-26 10:08:32 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272547100 Type 2 Baumadeck DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272547434 2022-08-26 10:09:20 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272547434 Type 3 Baumadeck DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272547794 2022-08-26 10:10:15 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272547794 SLAB gaiagerletti https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272547915 2022-08-26 10:10:34 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272547915 Type 4 Baumadeck DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272548145 2022-08-26 10:10:59 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272548145 Type 5 Baumadeck DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272548680 2022-08-26 10:12:07 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272548680 ROOF DETAIL gaiagerletti https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272548804  In case of larger cornice construction, the roof is lifted by placing the rafters on top of cornice. To ensure stability some rafters are provided with inclined joints.
The cornice was made of ordinary bricks.

]]> 2022-08-26 10:12:25 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272548804 Hazardous substances in roof DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272549586 2022-08-26 10:14:17 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272549586 1890-1920 gaiagerletti https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272550191 This roof consist of two parts. the lowest part consists of 3 longitudinal stud wall on top of which the mansard-joist construction lays. The upper part consists of collar Tie trusses which are fixed to the mansard-joists.]]> 2022-08-26 10:15:50 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272550191 SLAB gaiagerletti https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272551233 2022-08-26 10:18:29 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272551233 gaiagerletti https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272551754 2022-08-26 10:19:31 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272551754 Fire resistance https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272554836 The baumadeck has a good fire resistance because it is made out of hollow bricks compaired with wood and steel. ]]> 2022-08-26 10:25:06 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272554836 1920-40 gaiagerletti https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272555251 Sometimes we can find iron beams. 
The outer wall is fixed to the beams of the slab with wall anchors. Sometimes we can find wall anchors inside the wall sometimes we can see it on the facade. 



]]> 2022-08-26 10:25:55 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272555251 1940-60 gaiagerletti https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272555788 2022-08-26 10:27:06 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272555788 Type 7 Baumadeck DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272556210 2022-08-26 10:28:03 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272556210 SLAB gaiagerletti https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272556340 2022-08-26 10:28:23 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272556340 Type 6 Baumadeck DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272556353 2022-08-26 10:28:25 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272556353 1960-2000 gaiagerletti https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272557532 Prefabricated slab]]> 2022-08-26 10:30:51 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272557532 SLAB gaiagerletti https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272557689 2022-08-26 10:31:17 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272557689 Type 8 Baumadeck DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272562567 2022-08-26 10:41:41 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272562567 Wall - ring beam - baumadeck DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272657725 2022-08-26 13:06:04 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272657725 Baumadeck - wall - baumadeck DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272658491 2022-08-26 13:06:57 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272658491 Longitudal section DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272659159 2022-08-26 13:07:46 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2272659159 Asbestos DanielChilla https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274381602 The olny possible hazardous substance in roof is the asbestos. However if we check the original drawings we wouldn't notice this material. The original roof cladding was made of red ceramic tiles. ]]> 2022-08-29 06:36:23 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274381602 Better fire safety robbegurdebeke https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274399195 While the strenght of the baumadeck is trong against the fire. I do not think that it can hold the flames and smoke in the compartment wich means that the fire can spread faster. 
To prevent this we have to make sure that the compartments are closed off for no fast fire spread.]]> 2022-08-29 06:54:25 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274399195 Collar Tie roof construction gaiagerletti https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274406542 - Originally, the collar tie rafters were mounted on the top of the beams with mortise. The ridge end of the rafter was joined with a mortise and a slash, secured with wooden dowel.
- The collar tie stiffens the rafters. The whole structure is stiffened along the walls.]]> 2022-08-29 07:03:11 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274406542 Fire resistance roof. robbegurdebeke https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274418855 While the roof construction is made out of wood (wich is nod strong against fire), on the section you can see that they use rockwool mats. Rockwool has class A1 for fire resistant, but because it is thin it does not fully fledge the conditions. The insulation should be thicker for better fire resistance.
Now the building is using glasswool (i think what it looked like) wich is also class A1.]]> 2022-08-29 07:16:06 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274418855 ROOF juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274437487 2022-08-29 07:36:00 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274437487 DETAILS juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274438231 2022-08-29 07:36:46 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274438231 STORY PARTITIONS juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274438654 2022-08-29 07:37:16 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274438654 ABOUT BAUMADECK juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274438950 2022-08-29 07:37:39 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274438950 HISTORY juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274439720 2022-08-29 07:38:24 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274439720 HISTORY juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274439980 2022-08-29 07:38:41 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274439980 DAMAGES juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274441215 2022-08-29 07:39:52 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274441215 DAMAGES AND HARMFUL SUBSTANCES juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274441990 2022-08-29 07:40:14 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274441990 STATIC CONDITIONS juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274443759 2022-08-29 07:40:54 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274443759 FIRE AND SOUND juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274446002 2022-08-29 07:41:43 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274446002 STATIC CONDITIONS juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274446641 2022-08-29 07:41:56 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274446641 FIRE AND SOUND juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274449059 2022-08-29 07:42:42 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274449059 juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274453069 2022-08-29 07:44:13 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274453069 juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274454743 2022-08-29 07:45:23 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274454743 INSTALLATIONS juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274462690 2022-08-29 07:55:05 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274462690 INSTALLATIONS juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274463171 2022-08-29 07:55:46 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274463171 Types of roofs in Denmark juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274507422 2022-08-29 08:54:15 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274507422 Sole plate/ wall plate robbegurdebeke https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274550066 The sole plate/ wall plate is placed on the foot  of the roof. It is placed on the concrete floor and the rafters are saddled on it.
Sole plates were first used in 1880-1890 and is still to this day used in roof constructions.
This technique also made sure that roofs had an angles more 45 degrees.]]> 2022-08-29 09:52:36 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274550066 Rafters on the sole plate robbegurdebeke https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274550890 2022-08-29 09:53:58 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274550890 Sole plate on joists robbegurdebeke https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274553847 Before the bauma deck the sole plate is placed on the joists of the roof constructions.]]> 2022-08-29 09:58:53 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274553847 Mortise robbegurdebeke https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274565408 Roof constructions used in the 1850's mortise system to connect the rafters with the joist, collar tie and with each other. 


]]> 2022-08-29 10:16:42 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274565408 Roof construction now robbegurdebeke https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274571410 Nowadays we don't use the mortise systems anymore. To connect the rafters with bolts. 
The rafters are also a lot more thinner compared to the ones in older buildings.]]> 2022-08-29 10:26:12 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274571410 Roof strenght robbegurdebeke https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274609679 The wood constructions should be able to withstand 30 minutes against the fire (REI 30)]]> 2022-08-29 11:24:35 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274609679 Soundproofing robbegurdebeke https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274621980 The roof has low soundproofing because of the thin wool mats. Using thicker mats of insulation would make the soundproofing a lot more better.]]> 2022-08-29 11:42:01 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274621980 Fire Conditions wooden and steel beams. robbegurdebeke https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274919285 Wooden and steel constructions are a lot more vulnerable to fire. However wood (depends wich type of wood) does has a better resistance against steel.
Steel will collapse a lot faster than wood within high temperture. ]]> 2022-08-29 15:31:12 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2274919285 Sound on wooden and steel constructions robbegurdebeke https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275155727 The soundproofing with wooden beams and steel construction are not so good. You can hear the upstair neighbours very good. To make sure it is sound proof you pur insulation between the beams. A suspended ceiling is also a good option for better sound absoption.]]> 2022-08-29 18:36:54 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275155727 Span juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275842492
Baumadeak floors can be used up to a span of 7-8 m even if spans of 6 m are usually made.  Normally the shortest span determines the position of the reinforcement.
 The height of the block varies between 10.5 and 24 cm.]]> 2022-08-30 06:40:48 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275842492 Baumadeak Slabs with Hulstenblock (hollowblocks) and concrete. The blocks are positioned side by side so that they can be plastered at the bottom. The reinforcement is positioned above. Concrete is layered on top of the blocks to reinforce the structure. juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275843194 2022-08-30 06:41:24 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275843194 Construction method juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275862964 1. The rib is made
2. Boxes are positioned in correspondence with the holes in the slab
3. The blocks are positioned 
4. The reinforcement and electrical cables are positioned
5. The concrete is poured 
6. formwork is removed when the concrete has hardened.  
7. The slab is plastered and the floor is laid.
 
Before casting the blocks are watered until they can no longer absorb liquid so they don't take the water from the concrete.

 If a concrete casting is needed, it must be reinforced and must be of a height that is good for static conditions]]> 2022-08-30 06:58:43 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275862964 Load-bearing Outerwall robbegurdebeke https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275866520 Installation on external load-bearing wall
The depth of the interpenetration is normally 12 cm and the height is the height of the blocks and the reinforced concrete layer above.
The reinforcement is laid perpendicular to the load-bearing wall and 2 centimeters from the bottom of the upper concrete layer.

]]> 2022-08-30 07:01:55 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275866520 juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275866618 Baumadeak
 Slabs with Hulstenblock and concrete.
 The blocks of Hulstenblock are positioned side by side so that they can be plastered at the bottom, the reinforcement is positioned above and the concrete is thrown.  A layer of concrete over the blocks is required to reinforce the structure.

 Construction method
 The rib is made, boxes are positioned in correspondence with the holes in the slab, the blocks are positioned, the reinforcement and electrical cables are positioned, the concrete is poured and the formwork is removed when the concrete has hardened.  Then the slab is plastered and the floor is laid.
 Before casting the blocks are watered with water until they no longer absorb water so as not to absorb the water from the concrete.
 If a concrete casting is needed, this must be reinforced and must be of a height that is useful for static.

 The provisions for concrete floors are the same as those used for Baumadeak floors.
 Baumadeak floors can be used up to a span of 7-8 m even if spans of 6 m are usually made.  normally the shortest span determines the position of the reinforcement.
 The height of the block varies between 10.5 and 24 cm.

 Benefits
 -Easy to make without big measurement work
 - Quick to carry out both in the laying phase and in the drying phase
 - Simple and fast deck without drying times: 4x4 poles are placed 150-175cm apart from each other.  The base for laying the blocks is made of 14x6 cm beams positioned as the frame of the reinforcement and respecting the width of the block.  These boards are supported by 14x15 beams
 - less consumption of concrete and water
 - better thermal insulators
  sound insulation of 42-47 decibels.  The sound of the passes will depend a lot on the type of floor.
 - it must remain in the fire for 1 hour without the temperature of the opposite side of the slab reaching 150 degrees above the initial temperature.
 - it is an insole that is hardly damaged by humidity.  However, the anchoring of the slab to the external wall must be isolated.

 Installation on external load-bearing wall
 The depth of the interpenetration is normally 12 cm and the height is like the height of the blocks and the reinforced concrete layer above.
 The reinforcement is laid perpendicular to the load-bearing wall and 2 centimeters from the bottom of the upper concrete layer.
 Laying on load-bearing partitions
 Adapted blocks are installed in correspondence with the partition.
 For non-load-bearing walls, an interpenetration of 5 cm is created
 The anchoring in correspondence with the walls parallel to the framework.  If there is no upper cast of reinforced concrete, special anchors must be made.  In correspondence with the union of the slab and the wall, a 12cm wide casting is made in which a continuous round iron with a diameter of 12 mm is placed.  Every 3 meters a 10mm diameter iron is placed transversally and anchored to the 12mm iron.
 If there is a layer above the blocks, the reinforcement in that layer is sufficient for anchoring to the non-load-bearing walls.

 In correspondence with the holes of the stairs or of the systems, reinforced concrete beams are made, usually hidden in the thickness of the slab.

 In correspondence with the bathrooms where it is necessary to cast over the blocks to lay the plumbing pipes, lower blocks are usually chosen to have the same thickness of the slab over the entire floor.

 If the frame of the balcony reinforcement has the same direction as that of the slab, the reinforcement is extended to the end of the balcony.
 If, on the other hand, the balcony has a transverse framework to the slab, the slab must be cast without blocks at the internal part of the balcony and the reinforcement is placed at the top on the casting.

 In correspondence with heavy walls, either the reinforcement is strengthened or a concrete beam is made.]]> 2022-08-30 07:02:01 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275866618 Load-bearing partitions robbegurdebeke https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275868167 Laying on load-bearing partitions
Adapted blocks are installed in correspondence with the partition.]]> 2022-08-30 07:03:04 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275868167 Non-loading-bearing walls robbegurdebeke https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275869033  For non-load-bearing walls, an interpenetration of 5 cm is created
 ]]> 2022-08-30 07:03:51 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275869033 Ancors robbegurdebeke https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275873914 The anchoring is correspondence with the walls that are parallel to the framework.  If there is no upper cast of reinforced concrete, special anchors must be made.  In correspondence with the union of the slab and the wall, a 12cm wide casting is made in which a continuous round iron with a diameter of 12 mm is placed.  Every 3 meters a 10mm diameter iron is placed transversally and anchored to the 12mm iron.
 If there is a layer above the blocks, the reinforcement in that layer is sufficient for anchoring to the non-load-bearing walls.

]]> 2022-08-30 07:07:57 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275873914 Benefits juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275875815 - Easy to make without big measurement work
- Quick both in the laying phase and in the drying phase
- Simple and fast deck without drying times: 
- less consumption of concrete and water
- better thermal insulators
- it is an insole that is hardly damaged by humidity. However, the anchoring of the slab to the external wall must be isolated.]]> 2022-08-30 07:09:27 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275875815 Laying the slab on the walls juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275876497 External load-bearing walls
The depth of the interpenetration is normally 12 cm and the height is like the height of the blocks and the reinforced concrete layer above.
The reinforcement is laid perpendicular to the load-bearing wall and 2 centimeters from the bottom of the upper concrete layer. 

Laying on load-bearing partitions
Adapted blocks are installed in correspondence with the partition.

 For non-load-bearing walls, an interpenetration of 5 cm is created

 The anchoring in correspondence with the walls parallel to the framework.  If there is no upper cast of reinforced concrete, special anchors must be made.  ]]> 2022-08-30 07:10:03 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275876497 Construction juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275877382 4x4 poles are placed 150-175cm apart from each other.  The base for laying the blocks is made of 14x6 cm beams positioned as the frame of the reinforcement and respecting the width of the block.  These boards are supported by 14x15 beams]]> 2022-08-30 07:10:46 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275877382 Reinforcement juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275887215 In correspondence with the union of the slab and the wall, a 12cm wide casting is made in which a continuous round iron with a diameter of 12 mm is placed.  
Every 3 meters a 10mm diameter iron is placed transversally and anchored to the 12mm iron.
 If there is a layer above the blocks, the reinforcement in that layer is sufficient for anchoring to the non-load-bearing walls.

 In correspondence with the holes of the stairs or of the systems, reinforced concrete beams are made, usually hidden in the slab.

 If the frame of the balcony reinforcement has the same direction as that of the slab, the reinforcement is extended to the end of the balcony.
 If, on the other hand, the balcony has a transverse framework to the slab, the slab must be cast without blocks at the internal part of the balcony and the reinforcement is placed at the top on the casting.

 In correspondence with heavy walls, either the reinforcement is strengthened or a concrete beam is made.]]> 2022-08-30 07:18:40 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275887215 juliapytkostud https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275888405 In the bathrooms where it is necessary to cast over the blocks to lay the plumbing pipes, lower blocks are usually chosen to have the same thickness of the slab over the entire floor.]]> 2022-08-30 07:19:37 UTC https://padlet.com/DanielChilla/udo0ngzexz96qr8y/wish/2275888405