https://padlet.com/samanalan81/uctgj502jwj2 Made with a little mischief en-us 2019-03-08 01:50:23 UTC 2019-03-08 03:34:23 UTC hello@padlet.com samanalan81 https://padlet.com/samanalan81/uctgj502jwj2/wish/339157441 - The separation of Middle English and Modern English was the great vowel shift

- During the 15th, 16th and 17th century

- The change occurred in a relatively short space of century or two
- The causes of the shift are still highly debated

- Although an important factor may have been the very fact of the large intake of loanwords from the Romance languages of Europe 

- It affected words of both native ancestry as well as borrowings from French and Latin.

-  Long vowels were generally pronounced very much like the Latin-derived Romance languages of Europe

- The changes also proceeded at different times and speeds in different parts of the country

- The English Renaissance roughly covers the 16th and early 17th Century 

- The additions to English vocabulary during this period were deliberate borrowings

- Words from Latin or Greek  were imported wholesale during this period

- More commonly, slightly altered

- Some words initially branded as ink horn terms have stayed in the language and now remain in common use 

-  Some writers tried to deliberately resurrect older English words

-  Or to create wholly new words from Germanic roots

-  It is fair to say that, by the end of the 16th Century, English had finally become widely accepted as a language of learning, equal if not superior to the classical languages.


]]> 2019-03-08 02:00:28 UTC https://padlet.com/samanalan81/uctgj502jwj2/wish/339157441 samanalan81 https://padlet.com/samanalan81/uctgj502jwj2/wish/339166463 - A cultural and artistic movement in England dating from the late 15th to the early 17th century

- The beginning of the English Renaissance is often taken, as a convenience, to be 1485, when the Battle of Bosworth Field ended the Wars of the Roses and inaugurated the Tudor Dynasty

- The Elizabethan era in the second half of the 16th century is usually regarded as the height of the English Renaissance

- England had a strong tradition of literature in the English vernacular

- Gradually increased as English use of the printing press became common by the mid 16th century

- Edmund Spenser, whose verse epic The Faerie Queen had a strong influence on English literature but was eventually overshadowed by the lyrics of William Shakespeare, Thomas Wyatt and others

- Typically, the works of these playwrights and poets circulated in manuscript form for some time before they were published

- Elizabeth herself was a product of Renaissance humanism trained by Roger Ascham, and wrote occasional poems such as On Monsieur’s Departure at critical moments of her life

- All the 16th century Tudor monarchs were highly educated

- English thought advanced towards modern science with the Baconian Method, a forerunner of the Scientific Method

- The idea of the Renaissance has come under increased criticism by many cultural historians

- Whereas from the perspective of literary history, England had already experienced a flourishing of literature over 200 years before the time of Shakespeare, during the last decades of the fourteenth century

- Historians have also begun to consider the word “Renaissance” as an unnecessarily loaded word that implies an unambiguously positive “rebirth” from the supposedly more primitive Middle Ages

- Other cultural historians have countered that, regardless of whether the name “renaissance” is apt, there was undeniably an artistic flowering in England under the Tudor monarchs, culminating in Shakespeare and his contemporaries.]]> 2019-03-08 02:58:37 UTC https://padlet.com/samanalan81/uctgj502jwj2/wish/339166463 samanalan81 https://padlet.com/samanalan81/uctgj502jwj2/wish/339168282 - When Elizabeth came to the throne, England had experienced a series of religious convulsions

- What her own religious convictions were is impossible to tell

- As ruler, she ‘did not seek to make windows into men’s souls’. So as long as you conformed, decently and publicly, you could privately believe what you liked

- Elizabeth was expert at public relations, never missing a chance to remind her people of her status as their rightful monarch

- When she came back to London from her frequent ‘progresses’ (tours) round the country, many hundreds turned out to greet her

- The quickest route to such honor, and influence, and power, and wealth, was via the court

- The best way of succeeding there was to attract the Queen’s attention

- Another possibility was to stay in your family mansion and invite the Queen to visit you there

- By 1569 some sort of welfare system was in place in the City of London

- Its aim was to separate the ‘poor, aged and impotent [i.e. disabled]’ people, whom the state could and should help, from the thriftless and work-shy, whom the state would not help

- The poor were not, in theory at least, left to starve

- ]]> 2019-03-08 03:12:17 UTC https://padlet.com/samanalan81/uctgj502jwj2/wish/339168282 samanalan81 https://padlet.com/samanalan81/uctgj502jwj2/wish/339170031 - Shakespearean performance is an arena for exploring desire, sexuality and gender roles and for challenging audience expectations, especially when it comes to the female performer

- In Shakespeare's day, female parts were played by male actors, while more recently, actresses have taken on some of his most famous male roles such as Hamlet and Julius Caesar

- Elizabethan Women were subservient to men. They were dependent on their male relatives to support them

- There was little dispute over such arrangements as Elizabethan woman were raised to believe that they were inferior to men and that men knew better

-  Elizabethan women from wealthy and noble families were sometimes allowed the privilege of an Education

- . As young as seven years old girls would be sent away from their home to live with another noble family

- These young girls were expected to act as servants to the Ladies of the castle

- Elizabethan Women from the lower classes were also expected to obey the male members of their families without question

- Elizabethan women would have had to learn how to govern a household and become skilled in all housewifely duties

- Single Elizabethan women were sometimes looked upon with suspicion

- All Elizabethan women would be expected to marry, and would be dependent on her male relatives throughout her life]]> 2019-03-08 03:23:37 UTC https://padlet.com/samanalan81/uctgj502jwj2/wish/339170031 samanalan81 https://padlet.com/samanalan81/uctgj502jwj2/wish/339171075 - Broadly speaking, the Renaissance movement is used to describe how Europeans moved away from the restrictive ideas of the Middle Ages

- Shakespeare was born toward the end of the Renaissance period and was one of the first to bring the Renaissance’s core values to the theater

- Shakespeare updated the simplistic, two-dimensional writing style of pre-Renaissance drama. He focused on creating human characters with psychological complexity

- The upheaval in the accepted social hierarchy allowed Shakespeare to explore the humanity of every character regardless of their social position

- Shakespeare utilized his knowledge of Greek and Roman classics when writing his plays

- Shakespeare, who was born April 23, 1564, retired about 1610 to Stratford-upon-Avon and a house he had purchased 13 years earlier

- He died in 1616

- Exactly why Shakespeare died is not known, but some historians think he was ill for more than a month before he died]]> 2019-03-08 03:30:40 UTC https://padlet.com/samanalan81/uctgj502jwj2/wish/339171075