■ Typology and values of the cultural heritage being presented

The places that friends have presented are historical sites, whether they are architectural works, sculptures, paintings, or natural archaeological sites. Which are unique  or important places. It could be human handiwork.  Or is it a joint work between nature and humans including areas that are archaeological sites. These places are worthy of excellence  historical, artistic, anthropological, or scientific. Cultural heritage consists of monuments (such as architectural works, monumental sculptures, or inscriptions), groups of buildings, and sites (including archaeological sites).

■ Potential actors in the cultural heritage management

Firstly The organization with the most importance is UNESCO,  which works to protect and safeguard heritage so that future generations can enjoy, benefit and learn from the legacy of the past. For UNESCO, the safeguarding of heritage is a collective responsibility, as well as a powerful means of promoting peace – uniting the world's peoples around shared values and the government of each country. UNESCO Selected Areas  because of its cultural significance, history, science, or other fields.

Demand side

■ Cultural heritage tourist/ visitor characteristics

Most tourists will consist of local people, Thai and foreign tourists, a group of tourists, a group of students, groups of employees in various organizations, People who are interested in studying the story of history. Who are interested in the way of life and culture of the local people. Visitors who want to appreciate the beautiful and good atmosphere in the heritage site. The experts concerned in the education and scientific research field and to the relevant foreigners and overseas compatriots are allowed to visit and archaeologists. Academics, history buffs, rugged travellers, backpackers and worldly explorers.

■ Cultural heritage tourist motivations and benefit-sought

Because there are interesting tourist attractions, most tourists travel to appreciate and enjoy the sights, gain knowledge, have an understanding of history and archeology on the basis of responsibility and awareness of the preservation of cultural heritage and the value of the environment, admire the beauty of the site, do research and go on vacation.

Impact 

■ Potential impacts/effects of cultural heritage tourism in the supply chain

Direct 

The increasing number of tourists is causing damage to the place. Overcrowding from tourists, erosion from footsteps, and even vandalism and theft have brought immense. Also tourism exacerbates some community problems such as traffic movement, parking availability, traffic safety, and the security and safety of the community. This may result in the long-term inability to protect heritage.

Indirect 

Both mindful and unintentional behavior of tourists can damage the place or architectural works, sculptures, paintings, or natural archaeological sites. Climate change, the changing weather also affects the management of that place.  It can also damage painting. Included in the ascertained damaging elements affecting the murals are unstable climate, abnormal air current, inhibition of microorganisms.

-Typology and values of the cultural heritage being presented : There are two types: Cultural heritage and Natural heritage.
1. Khao Yai national park : Natural heritage /
It’s a national park with tourism resources that can create a variety of activities.
2. Complex of Koguryo Tombs : Cultural heritage / The property includes several group and individual tombs - totalling about 30 individual tombs.The tombs, many with beautiful wall paintings.
3. The Great pyramid of Giza : Cultural heritage /
The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest and oldest pyramid defining symbol of Egypt.
4. Machu Picchu : Cultural heritage /
Machu Picchu's palaces, temples, terraces, and infrastructure using stone and without the help of wheels or tools made of steel or iron.
5. Sukhothai historical park : Cultural heritage /
Sukhothai Historic Park and the ruins of ancient Sukhothai state.
6. Iguazu national park : Natural heritage /
The largest waterfall in South America. Outstanding natural beauty and home to rare and endangered species.
7. Death railway : Cultural heritage /
The Death Railway is of great importance in history and as a cultural heritage.
8. Great barrier reef : Natural Heritage /
Natural phenomena and areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance. Provides a habitat for rare and threatened species of plants and animals and biodiversity.
9. State of the vatican city : Cultural heritage /
The Vatican City, one of the most sacred places in Christendom, lies within the boundaries of a small state.
10. Kinkakuji temple : Cultural heritage /
See the beauty of Kinkakuji Temple, a valuable cultural heritage site in Kyoto, and learn about the temple's history as an important event in Japan.
11. Ban Chiang : Cultural heritage / 
Ban Chiang is an important cultural property of Thailand that confirms the social and cultural development of both the economy, Science and art in prehistoric times.
12. Bruges : Cultural heritage /
Bruges exudes a unique intimate atmosphere. The city, cradle of the Flemish primitives, is also known worldwide for its gastronomy and craftsmanship thanks to the presence of chocolatiers, brewers, contemporary lace artists and calligraphers.
13. Tajmahal : Cultural heritage /
The Taj Mahal was built to commemorate the tragedy when Mumtaj Mahal, wife of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan died in childbirth in 1631. The grieving emperor dedicated it by building a tomb worthy of his great love.
14. Shirakawa-go gifu prefecture : Cultural heritage / it is a unique village thatched roof created by hand called Gassho- zukuri is a traditional farmer's house that is more than 250 years old.
15. Tour Eiffel : Cultural heritage / It is a steel structure tower located on Champ de Mars. The Seine River in Paris is a symbol of France that is known all over the world.
It is also one of the most famous structures in the world.
16. Gyeongbokgung Palace : Cultural heritage / Gyeongbokgung Palace was the first and largest of the royal palaces built during the Joseon Dynasty.

-Potential actors in the cultural heritage management : UNESCO, Government, Department of national parks wildlife and plant conservation,Tourism authority of thailand,WCS,ICCF GROUP, Global Parks, industry, community, Entrepreneurs, the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA) ,shops, restaurants, souvenir shops, shrines and homestay accommodation.

-Cultural heritage tourist/visitor characteristics: Children,nature lover, foreign and thai tourists,researcher, archaeologists, who interested in academic history ,rugged traveller,backpackers, group of students in field trip, who like adventures, exploring the forest, who interested in snorkelling, swimming, or taking part on a semi-submarine tour, people who are Roman Catholic churches, who want to experience something new,students.

-Cultural heritage tourist motivations and benefit-sought :  To see nature, archaeological and conservation study, who interested in visiting ancient sites and visiting museums to study ancient Egypt, Visit an archaeological site, Learn about history, To do adventure activities, to see the corals before it was gone, Visit the beauty of the city, learn the history of people's lives in the past, to take a canal cruise, to visit the village, taking a rest.

-Direct : Income, Employment, The place is preserved, business opportunities, The existence of history, tourists 

-Indirect : Waste from tourist attraction,pollution, soil erosion, climate, erosion from footsteps,

vandalism, theft, environmental degradation, place improvement, promoting tourist attractions, traffic.

      Heritage Site  

      Natural heritage  Site 

There are agencies involved in World Heritage such as The World Heritage Committee which is part of UNESCO.The heritage that has been certified by the organization.they is responsible for the preservation of cultural and natural heritage. People visiting world heritage sites. They must help each other to maintain and comply with the requirements of that place strictly in order to maintain the beauty for the next generation to come and study the history.Including the government of each country whose duty is to spread knowledge to the local people, students, to create an understanding of the World Heritage Site, which is another way to preserve the beauty of the World Heritage Site.

  Researchers, students or the general public who are interested in learning and liking about World Heritage Sites. way of life and culture including history

You can go on a group trip or with your family for new experiences. Or change the atmosphere because each World Heritage Site has different beauty and has various activities for tourists. Therefore, there can be many types of tourists regardless of age, gender or occupation.

Every tourist has different motives. Depending on the desire to travel individually, etc., go on a trip to learn the history of that place. people's way of life or to experience the beauty of ancient sites architecture and sculpture Go to cultural heritage sites such as Sukhothai historical park, Gyeongbokgung Palace and State of the Vatican Cityor some may go on a vacation to natural heritage to soak up the atmosphere of nature such as Iguazu National Park or Great Barrier Reef National Park.

Add value and generate income directly for local establishments such as accommodation. food and beverage outlets including tour operators

All this will provide a wide range of tourism products and activities to serve tourists and will vary from place to place.

If tourists have a good experience and good service. Products that meet the needs of tourists or desirable tourism activities That can lead these travelers to spread the word or write on the review forums about how good the place is. What's interesting is when people who have never been before get to know about good experiences That will make them feel that they want to travel here. It increases the value of tourist attractions.

-Tourists that are younger or middle Age. A tourist who is curious, who wants to learn and know about the history, the culture and the way of life that the past generations people used to live. 

-University students ( for research)

-Foreigner tourists, Tourists who love arts, tourists who want to experience different cultures.

-Destination ( depending on the place they will go), famous cultural heritage place, To meet new people with different cultures,( benefit- can exchange language with local people.) It protects buildings, places, nature and cultural resources, which improve the quality of life for local people and tourists who participate in the services and attractions.

There are three types of Typology and values of the cultural heritage being presented.
-   One is sites, KHAO YAI NATIONAL PARK, Sukhothai Historical Park, IGUAZU National Park, GREAT BARRIER REEF, AUSTRALIA, Ban Chiang and Machu Picchu. Two is monuments. There are Complex of Koguryo Tombs, THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA, State of the Vatican City andTAJMAHAL. Three are Type is Group of building, there are Death Railway, Kinkakuji Temple , BRUGES, SHIRAKAWA-GO GIFU PREFECTURE, JAPAN.

and Tour Eiffel ( Paris )

Potential actors in the cultural heritage management

UNESCO - The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) and the European Union are close partners. Both share values and work in close cooperation to achieve common objectives.

Fine Arts Department - Government agency responsible for the creation, maintenance, conservation, promotion and dissemination of the arts and culture of the nation in the fields of fine arts, museums, archeology and ancient sites, literature, history, customs, customs, the National Library, the National Archives to remain permanently stable.

The World Heritage Committee - an international organization, consisting of representative members of 21 countries, the World Heritage Committee's main functions include identifying and verifying the conservation status of heritage sites listed on the World Heritage List, determines which are listed on the World Heritage List should still be or removed from the World Heritage List in danger, determine the best use of resources of the World Heritage Fund, revise and vote on guidelines for the implementation of the Convention on the Protection of Cultural and Natural World Heritage, etc.

Cultural and Natural Environment Management Bureau - recommending policies/programs and creating projects for conservation, protection of the country's World Heritage Sites, considering the proposal of cultural and natural heritage sites for inclusion in the World Heritage List, coordinating between organizations between Relevant countries such as UNESCO, World Heritage Centre, ICOMOS, IUCN and ICCROM to jointly protect cultural and natural heritage sites, implement the World Heritage Committee resolutions in relation to the Kingdom of Thailand, etc.

Demand Side
Cultural heritage tourist/visitor characteristics
-  Most of the tourists are both Thais and foreigners (around the world) or tourists who are interested in  Academics, history and historic enthusiasts, travelers, backpackers, explorers, students, youngsters and seniors. Everyone has an interest in wanting to visit or want to learn about a particular place.  such as viewing art, architecture, culture or nature.

Cultural heritage tourist motivations and benefit-sought     

- To escape the monotonous environment, to explore and assess yourself, to relax, to strengthen kinship and to create social gatherings. Thus creating an incentive for cultural tourism. Stress relief motivation, pilgrimage motivation, cultural learning motivation and motivation for dignity. When such motivation thus causes recognition, cultural tourists will be able to gain knowledge from experiencing the area and returning to visit again. 

    Perception influences re-travel, for example, perception of tourist attractions. Local cultural awareness is very important in tourism marketing. because tourists will decide on the purchase of goods and services based on the information received.

Potential impacts/effects of cultural heritage tourism in the supply chain
Direct
-  From the presentation that friends have talked about is that tourism can generate a lot of income and create opportunities in various fields as well as increase the reputation of the place.  Overpopulation of tourists exacerbates the impact and it is difficult to maintain traditional lifestyles or the deteriorating environmental impact caused by traffic.

Indirect
- If the supply chain of cultural heritage tourism is highly developed in terms of attractions, activities, food, travel, accommodation, experiences and functions, stakeholder participation and proper environmental stewardship It can cause a good indirect effect from tourists as well. Tourists are in a good mood from the comfort and well-being of the service, greatly reducing the cost of travel, food and accommodation. And there may be new activities in attractions as well.

*Typology and values of the cultural heritage being presented 

-SHIRAKAWA-GO GIFU PREFECTURE, JAPAN -Built environment  -lifestyle -religious

-Death railway -Built environment -historical place

-THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA -Built environment -belief

-MACHU PICCHU -Built environment -lifestyle 

-KINKAKUJI TEMPLE K Y O T O , J A P A N -Built environment  religious

-Coommplex of Koguryo Tombs plex of Koguryo Tomb -Built environment -belief

-Bruges -Built environment  -lifestyle

-State of the Vatican City Vatican City -Built environment -lifestyle

-Sukhothai Historical Park -Built environment  -religious

-KHAO YAI NATIONAL PARK -natural environment

-GREAT BARRIER REEF, AUSTRALIA -natural environment

-IGUAZU National Park -natural environment

-Ban Chiang - lifestyle -Artifacts 

*Potential actors in the cultural heritage management

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) and the European Union are close partners. Both share values and work in close cooperation to achieve common objectives. 

UNESCO compiles the World Heritage Sites, which are places recognised as having a unique cultural and/or natural significance.

It is also a key actor in promoting and protecting cultural heritage, implementing joint projects with the EU.

*Cultural heritage Characteristics of tourists/visitors

   - Religion and culture is a journey to learn the culture of various societies such as studying the way of life, watching art, music, drama, worshiping religious centers.

   - Education is traveling to do research, study, teach, train or travel abroad.

   - History and Special Interests

   - Popular people during the holidays

   - Adventurers have a passion for holiday activities or adventure travel.

   - The Existential Tourists This type of tourist is interested in studying and experiencing the real attractions that they have been exposed to.

   - Nature viewers love the beauty of the landscape of tourist attractions.

   - traditionalist  I like to travel, focusing on safety and not taking risks.

*Cultural heritage tourist motivations and benefit-sought

Motivation to relieve stress  Pilgrimage motivation  motivation to learn culture  Incentives to preserve culture  Incentives to experience attractions  Curious Motivation and Dignity Motivation  And can still make money for that place to stay until today.

  • Direct  

- Supplies  

Both accommodation and restaurants nearby heritage tourist sites will have more income according to the number of tourists visiting that place.  

- Tour operator 

Tour operators need to organize their travel plans more systematically in order to encourage more tourists to choose their services.  

- Travel Agents 

Travel Agents must have clear, error-free communication with those involved in travel. 

- Customers 

Visitors learn about the origin and history of the heritage site, creating new experiences and different feelings for each place.

 • Indirect  

- Supplies 

As the number of tourists increases, restaurants or hotels will require more employment, resulting in greater income distribution.  

- Tours operator 

Tours operator must provide incentives for travelers looking for a comprehensive tour program.  

- Travel Agents 

If travel agents have a clear and comprehensive coordination, they will make tourists trust them and want to use their services again.  

- Customers 

Tourists are impressed and feel that they want to return to the same place again.

(Typology and values of the cultural heritage being presented)

Most of my friends' information Unesco will take the cultural aspects of protecting the cultural and natural heritage of the world.  Preserving the traditional and cultural identity and tourist attractions of the world.

 (Cultural heritage tourist/ visitors characteristic)

 - Student (high school/university for study and learn about different cultures in many places) / Researcher who wants to do research about culture or how to live/how to build the architecture in the past. 

Foreign tourists who love to travel, meet new people, love ancient art and architecture, preserve the environment and people who want to learn about the local culture. 

The age group of tourists is diverse such as adolescent, middle-aged, elderly . Because of traveling, there are many activities to do such as taking photos / studying/doing activities of each place that is provided. 

(Culture heritage tourists motivations and benefits-sought)

 - Place/Culture/Popularity depending on individual interests or needs, for example; Want to go to cultural heritage that is a natural attraction to learn and preserve. Or go to a heritage-listed village to learn about the lifestyle and culture of the local people / support family business.

 - To meet and learn different cultures form new people.

 - Benefits-sought Benefit to both parties is that tourists get their own needs when traveling / know how to maintain places, structures, nature and culture.

(Direct)

Economy impact

- Income generated by heritage-related activities (preservation. Opening up to the public interpretation) support for structural changes in the economy.

Local community's standard and quality of life

- response to higher-level needs (aesthetic, spiritual, cultural, leisure).

- impact on social cohesion and creation of social capital.

- strengthening of local identity and sense of pride.

Environmental impact

 - coexistence and overlapping of cultural and natural values.

 - anthropogenic impact / impact on numbers of visitors and users (traffic, infrastructure wear and tear).

(Indirect)

There are also Impacts on income, maintenance and creation of workplaces in a given municipality or region (multiplier effects), including tourism multiplier, income of the public sector as well as impacts on the real estate market. Secondly, longer term impact of heritage linked to its potential to support knowledge economy, be used as an educational resource, stimulate creativity, develop cultural capital or inspire high quality original products and services in the cultural sector, creative industries and tourism

 

- Typology and values of the cultural heritage being presented

=Friends have presented.There are places related to natural heritage and cultural heritage.  which are clearly different  By presenting important places that are archaeological sites such as Koguryo Tombs,The great pyramid of Giza,Machu Picchu,SukhoThai Park,Death Railway,State of the Vatican City,Kinkakuji Temple,Bruges Belgium,and Tajmahal. Artifacts such as Ban Chiang  and natural heritage sites such as Khao Yai National Park,Iguazu National Park and Great Barrier Reef Australia.That has an influence on cultural preservation.

- Potential actors in the cultural heritage management

=Cultural heritage is the development and sustainable tourism management is environmental  is an important and valuable property for tourism. Management of the relationship between tourism and nature, heritage sites and antiquities As  affects the development of tourism potential.

- Cultural heritage tourist/visitor characteristics

=(heritage tourist,(arts tourist,creative tourist,urban cultural tourist,rural cultural tourist,popular cultural tourist,educated visitor,(nostalgia seekers,purposeful cultural tourists,sightseeing cultural tourists,casual cultural tourists etc.

- Cultural heritage tourist motivation and benefit-sought

=Cultural Heritage Tourist Incentives want to travel caused by perception. Awareness is therefore very important in tourism. tourist.Decide on the purchase of goods and services based on information obtained from various learning sources.

Potential impacts/effects of cultural heritage tourism in the supply chain

- Direct

=The more popular a tourist destination is, the greater the number of tourists as well. Making it impossible to control the exact number of tourists, what will be followed is that it is "dirty" whether both Eating food and then discarding the container or bringing your hands to touch different places and sometimes there may be a small damage to the inheritance.
- Indirect

=In the future, in some heritage sites related to nature, the high number of tourists will change the environment around the area little by little. For example, tourist congestion will cause some wildlife to adjust to lifestyle. New or local products that are very popular may not be available for sale due to insufficient natural ingredients.