https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci Angeline Michelle Dumadag, Sentara College of Health Sciences en-us 2021-04-28 22:21:38 UTC 2021-05-26 00:04:32 UTC hello@padlet.com adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471309572 A 5-day topical regimen including cattle dung, beeswax, ram's horn, barley, and resin was used by the ancient Egyptians to treat burn injuries (Liu et al., 2017). Honey, grease, and lemon were other treatment options (Wallner et al., 2020).]]> 2021-04-28 22:27:48 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471309572 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471322586 Tea leaf extracts were applied to burn injuries for treatment in ancient China (Liu et al., 2017).]]> 2021-04-28 22:35:10 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471322586 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471329166 In ancient Greece, Hippocrates described alternating a dressing of porcine skin and resin with a soak of vinegar and oak sap to treat burn injuries (Liu et al., 2017). Red wine was also used to prevent infection (Wallner et al, 2020).]]> 2021-04-28 22:38:58 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471329166 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471365818 During his reign and conquests, it is reported that Alexander the Great applied aloe vera to heal his soldiers' wounds (Sánchez-Machado et al., 2017).]]> 2021-04-28 23:00:52 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471365818 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471376214 De materia medica, a book written by Dioscorides, a Greek physician in the Roman army, outlined the medicinal use of various plants. Aloe vera was described to help heal wounds and treat infection (Sánchez-Machado et al., 2017). Honey and rose oil, in addition to frequent dressing changes, were recommended for advanced wounds (Wallner et al., 2020). ]]> 2021-04-28 23:07:07 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471376214 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471392989 Celsus, a Roman medical author, suggested a lotion made of wine and myrrh to treat burns (Liu et al., 2017). Another topical treatment he proposed was a mixture of honey and bran (Wallner et al., 2020).]]> 2021-04-28 23:17:08 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471392989 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471427594 Another topical treatment for burn injuries used in China blended  calcarea from shells in plant oil or pig lard cooked with willow bark (Liu et al, 2017).]]> 2021-04-28 23:37:54 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471427594 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471474836 Ambroise Paré was a French physician who may have been the first to describe the importance of early wound excision in the treatment of burn injuries (Liu et al., 2017). He also used onions to effectively treat burn injuries (Branski et al., 2018).]]> 2021-04-29 00:03:25 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471474836 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471483510 Guilhelmus Fabricius Hilandus, a German surgeon, expanded upon the importance of wound excision, stating that proper drainage and improved medication penetration was achieved by removing eschar (Liu et al., 2017).]]> 2021-04-29 00:07:52 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471483510 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471495075 Edward Kentish, an English doctor, recommended the use of pressure dressings to relieve pain and blisters caused by burn injuries (Liu et al., 2017).]]> 2021-04-29 00:13:03 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471495075 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471512198 Jacques-Louis Reverdin, a Swiss surgeon, explained the diagnosis of a burn injury and emphasized the importance of knowing the surface area affected and considering skin grafting for treatment (Liu et al., 2017).]]> 2021-04-29 00:20:52 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471512198 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471558986 Guillaume Dupuytren, a French surgeon developed a method to classify the depth of burn injuries that is still used today (Lui et al., 2017).]]> 2021-04-29 00:31:32 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471558986 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471580549 Girdner, an American doctor, reported the first successful allogeneic skin graft for a burn injury (Liu et al., 2017).]]> 2021-04-29 00:39:42 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471580549 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471592574 Dr. Nicholas Sabella reported the first successful use of amniotic membrane to treat burn injuries (Liu et al., 2017).]]> 2021-04-29 00:44:04 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471592574 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471641380 It was accepted that the best treatment regimen for burn injuries included wound excision, skin grafting, and pain management (Liu et al., 2017). Henry Dakin and Alexis Carrel expanded upon this, including mechanical cleansing, surgical debridement, and the topical application of hypochlorite solution (Liu et al., 2017).]]> 2021-04-29 01:01:22 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471641380 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471653308 Dr. Edward C. Davidson revolutionized the use of tannic acid in the treatment of burn injuries (Liu et al., 2017). Tannic acid had the ability to prevent infection, provide pain relief, limit fluid loss, and promote wound healing. Despite these benefits, its used was terminated because it lead to liver necrosis.]]> 2021-04-29 01:06:06 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471653308 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471661411 Aloe vera gel was used widely throughout the United States to treat burn injuries (Hsu et al., 2017).]]> 2021-04-29 01:09:18 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471661411 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471675650 In the early 1940s, it was recognized that removing eschar and closing the wound were important interventions that reduced mortality related to burn injuries (Liu et al., 2017).

In the late 1940s, Truman G. Blocker Jr. followed more than 800 burn patients after a freight explosion and published findings that would advance burn injury care including appropriate cleansing, exposure to air, and adequate nutrition (Branski et al., 2018).]]> 2021-04-29 01:14:48 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471675650 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471680058 Dr. D. Jackson introduced using a combination of allografts and autografts in the treatment of burn injuries (Liu et al., 2017).]]> 2021-04-29 01:16:33 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471680058 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471686698 Topical treatments containing silver including 0.5% silver nitrate solution and silver sulfadiazine cream (Silvadene) were used as antibacterial and antimicrobial agents when treating burn injuries (Liu et al., 2017).

Zora Janzekovic developed the tangential excision method to remove eschar, which caused early excision to be a more widely accepted intervention (Branski et al, 2018).]]> 2021-04-29 01:19:16 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471686698 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471696084 Integra, the first bilayer artificial skin, was developed by Yannas and Burke (Liu et al., 2017). This treatment provided a structure needed to new skin to grow while preventing infection and fluid loss.]]> 2021-04-29 01:22:52 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471696084 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471712985 The use of composite skin grafts were introduced as an effective treatment of burn injuries (Liu et al., 2017).]]> 2021-04-29 01:29:25 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471712985 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471715850 Integra was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is widely used in the treatment of burn injuries today (Liu et al., 2017).]]> 2021-04-29 01:30:36 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471715850 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471716041 An allograft containing dehydrated amnion chorion membrane is made available for the treatment of burn injuries (Liu et al, 2017).]]> 2021-04-29 01:30:41 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471716041 adumadag https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471853302 Galen, a Greek physician, recommended vinegar and open air exposure in the treatment of burn injuries, while Rhases, an Arabian physician recommended cold water to alleviate pain (Branski et al., 2018).]]> 2021-04-29 02:23:47 UTC https://padlet.com/adumadag/u8jrk04lccp8r3ci/wish/1471853302