The Influence of Testing on Teaching and Learning by

The Influence of Testing on Teaching and Learning by https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary Summary en-us 2018-07-03 07:04:58 UTC 2023-02-27 11:30:09 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Lightdecrease.png Definition https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269248299 „Diagnosekompetenz bezeichnet die Fähigkeit von Lehrerinnen und Lehrern, nach festgelegten Kriterien angemessene Urteile über das Lern- und Leistungsverhalten ihrer Schülerinnen und Schüler anzugeben. Diagnosekompetenz ist insbesondere für die Förderung lernschwacher Schülerinnen und Schüler nötig.“ (Paradies et al. 2007: 55) ]]> 2018-07-03 09:02:58 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269248299 Ziele von Diagnose https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269248606 - individuelle Förderung
- differenzierte Lernangebote
- Schulentwicklung & Profilierung]]> 2018-07-03 09:05:54 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269248606 https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269248762

- Can improve students autonomy
- Can improve students motivation
- Can confirm strengths and weaknesses
- Can evaluate the teachers effectivness and reflection of objectives (Lernziele)
- Feedback
- Selection (grades decides students future)
- Orientation (students realize their position in class)
- Communication (information for parents through grades)

]]> 2018-07-03 09:07:12 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269248762 Validity: https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269248823 Validity is " the extent to which inferences made from assessment results in meaningful and useful in terms of the purpose of the assessment" (Gronlund, 1998, p. 226)
subcategories:
content validity
predictive validity
construct validity
consequential validity
face vilidity
criterion related validity
!test what you teach! --> students know what to expect and can prepare themselves for the exam]]> 2018-07-03 09:07:53 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269248823 Guidelines for selecting grading criteria (Brown: 284f) https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269248833 - consistence -> embedded in institutional philosophies

- transparency of assessment

- create checklists, charts and note-taking systems -> formative assessment

- provide constant feedback to the students / avoid summative feedback -> give student the chance to improve

- objectivity (grade students' performance and NOT their motivations)]]> 2018-07-03 09:08:02 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269248833 Difference Error - Mistake https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269248857 error: specific Knowledge is absent -> teacher needs to step in and help out
mistake: bad processing within a Performance
-> possibility to let students self-correct their mistakes ]]> 2018-07-03 09:08:20 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269248857 WASHBACK AND THE CLASSROOM https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269248858 Definition:
Washback is the Influence of Testing on
Teaching and Learning
> Areas affected by washback (negative):
- Teaching factors ->
• focus on one type of task
• narrowing the curriculum
• no creativity
• less variation
- course content factors
• missing relation to reality ]]> 2018-07-03 09:08:20 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269248858 Components https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269248874 - competence orientation
- proper diagnosis
- educational measures and individual support/workplans
- competence development]]> 2018-07-03 09:08:39 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269248874 Reliabilty: https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269248962 “A reliable test is consistent and dependable.“ (Brown 20)
"Reliability applies to both the test and the teacher."

= test should yield same results even though the test is written on different occasions

“Reliability can be achieved by making sure that all students receive the same quality of input."

subcategories:
- student-related reliability
- rater reliability
--> Inter-rater reliability
--> Intra-rater reliability
- test administration reliability
- test reliability

]]> 2018-07-03 09:09:32 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269248962 Diagnostic Cycle https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269248986 Diagnostik - Reflexion - Intervention - Evaluation

(Helmke et. al., 2011)]]> 2018-07-03 09:09:48 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269248986 Feedback strategies https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249075 recast
repetition
clarification request
explicit correction
metalinguistic explanation
elicitation
paralinguistic signal ]]> 2018-07-03 09:10:41 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249075 Ellis, R. (2009) https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249283 2018-07-03 09:12:09 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249283 Alderson and Wall's Washback Hypotheses https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249335 Tests will have Washback effects for some learners and some teachers but not for others. (few studies on classroom impact)
Washback is a complex concept (a lot to consider, e.g. motivation, anxiety, positive vs. negative,..)]]> 2018-07-03 09:12:42 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249335 Diagnoseinstrumente https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249415 LEHRERGESTEUERT
- Checklisten
- Arbeitsproben
- Klassenarbeiten

SCHÜLERGESTEUERT
- Evaluationsbögen
- Portfolio
- Checklisten
- Lerntagebücher
- Berichtigung der Klassenarbeit]]> 2018-07-03 09:13:25 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249415 https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249417 before test:
- hand out practice material
- define competences, learning goals & test objective (e.g.reading, reading for detail, answering short questions about text)
after test:
- no red pen, no aggressive crossing out (better: brackets), visualize, highlight positive aspects
- make sure student knows his/her mistakes + understand your feedback
- again hand out practice material

]]> 2018-07-03 09:13:25 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249417 Practicality https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249485 -a class test is practical when these points are fair->
• time frame ( for students to solve tasks+ teachers to evaluate)
•scoring
• language

-requires classroom managment, preperation of material ]]> 2018-07-03 09:14:00 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249485 Definitions https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249652 washback= how a test influences the teaching before and after it

positive washback: beneficial changes, promotion of language learning in an authentic context, less stressfull environment, attention to student's individual needs = learning for the sake of learning

negative washback: leads to old-fashioned and ineffective techniques, narrows the curriculum

source: Loumbourdi (2014) ]]> 2018-07-03 09:14:52 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249652 Text https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249720 Dina Tsagari (2011).

Washback of a high-stakes English exam on teachers’ perceptions and practices.

]]> 2018-07-03 09:15:30 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249720 Absolute and Relative Grading (285f) https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249904 - absolute grading based on fixed criteria
-> problem: failing quote of exams might reach hights of 50%
-> demotivating

relative grading
- based on individual interests of the teacher]]> 2018-07-03 09:17:08 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249904 Objectivity https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249919 Irrelevant, unrelated factors do not influence the test results if a test is objective.
A test should be able to be solved by different classes, taught by other teachers if its based on the curricula .]]> 2018-07-03 09:17:17 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249919 How to foster diagnostic competence https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249983 - systematic observation
- collecting “products“
- conversations with colleagues, parents and students
- extracurricular: workshops ]]> 2018-07-03 09:17:38 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269249983 https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269250114 2018-07-03 09:18:43 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269250114 positiv https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269250115 2018-07-03 09:18:43 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269250115 https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269250119 Assessment: process of gathering information about students
Evaluation: process of interpreting/judging the assessed information
Testing: means of assessment]]> 2018-07-03 09:18:46 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269250119 Aspects which have to be considered while designing a test (cf. Brown 2004: 42-43): https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269250165 1) the purpose of the test
2) the objectives of the test
3) the test's structure should reflect the purpose and objectives
4) task selection: valid, reliable, authentic, practical
5) the type of feedback which will be provided ]]> 2018-07-03 09:19:07 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269250165 Quality criteria https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269250280 Objectivity: diagnosis from colleagues
Reliability: diagnose specific competences regularly
validity: diagnose only what you tested]]> 2018-07-03 09:20:07 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269250280 Types of alternative assessment https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269250291 Performance based assessment
Portfolio
Journal
Conference and interviews
Observations
Self and peer assessment]]> 2018-07-03 09:20:12 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269250291 https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269250574 -boxing ring: pros and cons of standardized tests
-roleplay : class who got their test back
-teaching to the test stresses both teachers and students ]]> 2018-07-03 09:23:04 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269250574 Authenticity https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269250581 The test and the classroom environment needs to be authentic!

]]> 2018-07-03 09:23:12 UTC https://padlet.com/schuhmacher/summary/wish/269250581