Moray Core Study by https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v By Ophelia & Iman en-us 2017-01-10 23:38:03 UTC 2023-01-24 16:39:42 UTC hello@padlet.com Aim: 11arnetto https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146410683 To test Cherry's dichotic listening findings in relation to: the amount of information recognised in the rejected message; the effect of hearing one's own name in the unintended message; the effect of instructions to identify a specific target in the rejected message. ]]> 2017-01-10 23:40:25 UTC https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146410683 Definition: Binaural 11arnetto https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146410857 When a message is presented to both ears at the same time.]]> 2017-01-10 23:43:57 UTC https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146410857 Definition: Dichotic 11arnetto https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146410914 When two different messages are presented to each ear.]]> 2017-01-10 23:45:03 UTC https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146410914 Definition: Shadowing Task 11arnetto https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146410980 When participants repeat one message as they hear it. ]]> 2017-01-10 23:46:23 UTC https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146410980 Definition: Auditory Cortex 11arnetto https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146411044 The part of brain that detects pitch (tone) and localisation (deciding where the stimulus came from).]]> 2017-01-10 23:47:29 UTC https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146411044 Definition: The Cocktail Party Phenomenon 11arnetto https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146411129 Using an affective stimulus (e.g. someone's name) to get attention. ]]> 2017-01-10 23:49:14 UTC https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146411129 Definition: Peripheral Blocks 11arnetto https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146411194 Producing rejection of the message, at a certain point in the ear. ]]> 2017-01-10 23:50:52 UTC https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146411194 Participants and Selection 11arnetto https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146411276 - In Study 1, the participant population was not recorded.
- In Study 2 there were 12 participants.
- In Study 3 there were 28 participants (two groups of 14).
- All participants were undergraduates or research workers and included males and females.]]> 2017-01-10 23:52:32 UTC https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146411276 Conclusions and Possible Implications 11arnetto https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146411386 - Moray observes that an 'identification paradox' exists: the context of the rejected message is not attached to (is blocked) in conscious perception, but the block doesn't prevent a response to one's own name. 
- He drew out the following conclusions:

 1. When the participant directs attention to the message in one ear, rejecting the message in the other, all context of the rejected message is blocked. 
 2. The rejection is apparent even when the message is repeated many times: there is no trace of a short list of simple words presented many times being remembered.
 3. Subjectively important messages, such as your name, can penetrate the block, so we could hear instructions containing our own name even in the rejected message. 
4. It is difficult to make neutral material important enough to penetrate the block. ]]> 2017-01-10 23:54:44 UTC https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146411386 Evaluation 11arnetto https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146411817 The Research Method: + the laboratory experiment allows for the control of extraneous variables leading to higher validity.
- laboratory experiments do not represent real-life as they have an artificial setting; findings may not be reliable.

Data: + Data gathered was quantitative so it allows for the easy comparison of the conditions, showing that although digits cannot be noticed, even when the are expected, one's own name can be detected at least some of the time in the rejected message when it is not expected.

Ethical Considerations: + laboratory experiments don't tend to raise many ethical issues, they were aware of what was going to happen, the tasks were unlikely to cause stress.

Validity: + good level of recall achieved ensuring that the DV was as a result of the IV , extraneous variables were reduced.
+ the use of everyday materials, and the individual's name, helps to make the task realistic, raising ecological validity.

Reliability: + controlling variables such as volume and the use of headphones raised reliability allowing for easy replication.

Sampling Bias: - sampling method may have been non-representative (volunteer/self-selected sample) as the were all students which would result in the findings having poor population validity, meaning they cannot be generalised to the true target population. 
]]> 2017-01-11 00:04:13 UTC https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146411817 An Example of a Dichotic Listening Task 11arnetto https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146412586 2017-01-11 00:18:32 UTC https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146412586 11arnetto https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146412772 2017-01-11 00:22:16 UTC https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146412772 11arnetto https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146412824 2017-01-11 00:23:18 UTC https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146412824 Moray's Original Study 11arnetto https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146413030 2017-01-11 00:28:06 UTC https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146413030 Further Reading Into Selective Attention and Dichotic Listening 11arnetto https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146413353 2017-01-11 00:33:59 UTC https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146413353 Procedure 11arnetto https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146451312 The research method was a laboratory experiment with three studies: two with repeated measures design and the last an independent measures design. The participants included both females and males. In Study 1 memory for words (the Dependent Variable) from the shadowed prose message, a repeated word list in the rejected message, and control words were compared (the Independent Variable). In study 2 instruction was the DV. In study 3 participants listened to passages with occasional numbers in and were either told they would be asked questions about the shadowed message or that they should remember all the nu,bers they could (the IV). The DV was the number of digits reported. Controls included matching the volume of the messages, ensuring the participant's name was not louder, and that the passages were read at steady speed without expression. ]]> 2017-01-11 09:11:01 UTC https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146451312 Results 11arnetto https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146456131 Experiment 1 - The mean number of words recognised (out of 7):
Shadowed message- 4.9, Rejected message- 1.9, Similar words from either - 2.6.

There was no trace of material from the rejected message being recognised. The difference between the new material and the shadowed message material was significant. The 30-second delay was unlikely to have caused forgetting, because words from early in the shadowed message were recognised.

Experiment 2 - Most participants ignored the instructions that were presented in the passages they were shadowing and thought this was an attempt to distract them. In the 

Affective (instructions preceded by name) condition 20 out of 39 messages were heard, while in the Non-Affective (instructions not preceded by name) condition only 4 out of 36 messages were heard. (3 results were rejected as participants started paying attention to the rejected messages). The results were highly significant.

Experiment 3 - After statistical analysis, it was found that there were no significant results between the two groups.

]]> 2017-01-11 09:37:01 UTC https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146456131 Exam Questions 11arnetto https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146457108
1) How many words per minute were the questions recorded at? (1 mark)
2) Define the term shadowing? (1 mark)
3) Gvie one statistical figure from this study? (2 marks)
4) Describe the sample used in the study (3 marks)
5) Evaluate Moray's study (4 marks)]]> 2017-01-11 09:41:58 UTC https://padlet.com/11arnetto/u6hbodjavj3v/wish/146457108