History of the English Language. by Carolina Aguilar

1100: Old English.

olgacarolinaramos2003 — 2024-08-12 14:29:36 UTC

In this period the Germanic tribes (Anglo, Saxons and Jutes), invade Great Britain by introducing what would become Old English.

These tribes were described as "God's wrath towards great Betraña"

In addition, it is from the names of the first two that we have the term "Anglo-Saxons" to describe these people.

V century

olgacarolinaramos2003 — 2024-08-12 14:29:36 UTC

V century: In this century, the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes migrated to the British Isles and established the Old English language.

V century

olgacarolinaramos2003 — 2024-08-12 14:29:36 UTC

V century: In this century, the terms (Anglo-Saxons) and (Engla-land) originated to describe these people and their land.

Vl century

olgacarolinaramos2003 — 2024-08-12 14:29:36 UTC

Vl century: In this century, the Anglo-Saxons began to use basic Old English terms such as mann (man) and hus (house).

Norman Conquest (1066)

olgacarolinaramos2003 — 2024-08-12 14:29:36 UTC

Norman Conquest (1066): Through the Norman Conquest, Norman French was introduced, in fact it was used as the language of the elite and government, which significantly influenced the English vocabulary.

Vl-Vlll century

olgacarolinaramos2003 — 2024-08-12 14:29:36 UTC

Vl-Vlll century: In this century, on the other hand, the Anglo-Saxons converted to Christianity and adopted Latin words such as angel and church into their vocabulary.

Vlll-X century

olgacarolinaramos2003 — 2024-08-12 14:29:36 UTC

Vlll-X century: In fact, in this century, the Vikings brought Old Norse words, such as die and sky, into English.

Viking Period

olgacarolinaramos2003 — 2024-08-12 14:29:36 UTC

Viking Period: The Vikings also adopted the use of the word (Yule) for Christmas from the Norse festival (jól).

1066-1500: Middle English.

olgacarolinaramos2003 — 2024-08-12 17:57:02 UTC

As history will show, the event that marks the beginning of Middle English was the arrival of the Norman French in England after their victory at Hastings under William the Conqueror in 1066. These invaders were French-speaking and became the ruling class, and likewise, all the people of high society, such as the nobility, spoke French, but for many years English was the language of the peasants. Hence the different terms in modern English to refer to these creatures "on the helmet" instead of "on the plate."

Middle English (1100-1500).

teresabriseyda2021 — 2024-08-12 20:33:06 UTC

Emergence of Middle English (1100-1300): This era was the transition from Old English to Middle English, as it was marked by a large number of borrowings from French and Latin and the gradual replacement of Old English grammar.

The Great Vowel Shift (1400-1600).

teresabriseyda2021 — 2024-08-12 20:37:46 UTC

The Great Vowel Shift (1400-1600): In fact, these major vocabulary changes led to major phonetic changes that altered the pronunciation of vowels, marking the transition from Middle English to Early Modern English.

Introduction of the Printing Press (1476):

teresabriseyda2021 — 2024-08-12 20:38:59 UTC

Introduction of the Printing Press (1476): This was the year in which the printing press was introduced in England by William Caxton. He was the first printer in the country. He printed and published over a hundred books, helping to standardize spelling, but did not immediately reflect contemporary pronunciation changes.

1500 to 1700: Early Modern English.

olgacarolinaramos2003 — 2024-08-12 21:25:00 UTC

During this period, significant changes ocurred in the English Language, such as the Great Vowel Shift, which altered the pronunciation of vowels. In addition, in 1476 it was the arrival of the printing press, introduced by William Caxton, this helped to standardize the spelling and the grammar of English.

1611: Publication of the King's Bible Jacobo.

teresabriseyda2021 — 2024-08-12 21:54:51 UTC

This contributes to the standardization and dissemination of early modern English.

1500 to 1600: The Great Vowel Shift.

olgacarolinaramos2003 — 2024-08-12 22:27:59 UTC

An important factor separating Middle English from Modern English is known as the Great Vowel Shift, a radical change in pronunciation during the 15th, 16th and 17th Century, as a result of which long vowel sounds began to be made higher and further forward in the mouth (short vowel sounds were largely unchanged).

1623: William Shakespeare.

olgacarolinaramos2003 — 2024-08-12 22:57:47 UTC

William Shakespeare, contributed to the change by itself of the English language, largely in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. Shakespeare took advantage of the relative freedom and flexibility and the protean nature of English at the time, and played free and easy with the already liberal grammatical rules.

1700: Modern English.

2024-08-12 23:46:25 UTC

In this period, pronunciation, grammar and spelling remained largely unchanged.

Indeed, Modern English accumulated more words as a result of two main historical factors: The Industrial Revolution and The Emergence of the British Empire, during which the English adopted many foreign words and made them his own.

The Great Plague (1348-1350)

teresabriseyda2021 — 2024-08-13 01:16:22 UTC

The Great Plague (1348-1350): This event called The Black Death had a significant impact on English society, as it influenced the structure of the language and the population, and also the use of the language, as there were changes in social structures and literature.

The War of the Roses (1455-1487)

teresabriseyda2021 — 2024-08-13 01:24:28 UTC

The War of the Roses (1455-1487) This series of dynastic conflicts between the houses of Lancaster and York also had indirect effects on the language, influencing language usage and policy in the country.

1750 and 1900:

olgacarolinaramos2003 — 2024-08-13 03:40:38 UTC

Between 1750 and 1900, a large portion of the most important scientific and technological discoveries were written in English. Later, the United States, which also speaks English, continued the dominance of English in the field of technology and innovation with inventions like electricity, the telegraph, the telephone, the phonograph, the sewing machine, the computer, and more.

On the other hand, during the Industrial Revolution, scientific and technological advances led to the creation of new words to describe inventions and discoveries. Many of these words were formed from Latin and Greek, as scholars of the time were familiar with these languages.

Terms like oxygen, protein, nuclear, and vaccine, although they didn't exist in classical languages, were created using Latin and Greek roots. Other examples of scientific words from this period include lens, electron, chromosome, chloroform, caffeine, and many more.

Work done by Olga Carolina Aguilar Ramos USLI049321 and Teresa Briseyda Romero Cedillos USLI036321.

olgacarolinaramos2003 — 2024-08-14 03:30:24 UTC