2. Symbolism initially developed as a French literary movement in the 1880s, gaining popular credence with the publication in 1886 of Jean Moréas' manifesto in Le Figaro.

3. Me live in san jose and the symbol is sun

4. Marsden hartley, Aaron Marcus

5. Symbolist paintings are dim, nightmarish scenes where artistic imagination is overtaken by the morbid and the macabre. The visions are otherworldly and mystical. You’ll find haunting, mysterious figures, evil women, supernatural monsters and demons, and imagery of sex and death. The atmosphere is always unsettling and gloomy.

6. Symbolism is often used to support a literary theme in a subtle manner. Students need to understand that writers insert symbols into their writing to allude to a feeling, mood or attitude without directly stating the perspective or mood. Symbolism is supplemental to the story.

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Japanese manga art, or even Japanese anime art, is the name of the art movement. However, "anime" is an acronym of the word "animation", with "anime" being a term used in Japan to refer to all animation, but it is only used in the rest of the world to refer to Japanese animation in particular. Some sources claim that the beginnings of Japanese anime, or more particularly Japanese manga, which is a Japanese comic, to put it simply, dating back to the twelfth century of Japanese history, or as early as the mid-to-late 1910s, depending on who you ask or what you find while searching. However, many people believe that modern Japanese manga and style began in the 1960s, spread abroad in the 1970s, gained popularity in the United States in the 1990s, and has continued since then. As we know, the origin country of manga and anime as we know it is Japan, as evidenced by the name "Japanese anime art." However, I cannot find a clear answer as to where it first began, and I have read some things such as an animation company that aspired to be "the Disney of the east," which may be true, but who knows. Despite not being considered the "primary" artists of the Manga and/or Anime movements, these three are widely regarded as great in many aspects when it comes to significant names in the manga scene. Osamu Tezuka, Moto Hagio, and Akira Toriyama are three manga artists (or mangaka) that have had a significant impact on the movement because their works have influenced, inspired, and crossed borders. Many people regard Osamu Tezuka as "The God of Manga," also known as the "Father of Manga" and the "Godfather of Manga." His legacy cannot be overstated; he is credited with establishing the long-standing industry of adapting Japanese comics, or manga, into animated Japanese TV series, or anime, and exporting them around the world. He is best known for his work on Astro Boy, a novel about an android with human feelings built by a scientist following the death of his kid, which was made into an animated film by David Bowers in 2009. Moto Hagio is regarded as the "founding mother" or "Goddess" of modern shojo manga, which are Japanese comics aimed at a teenage female target-demographic readership, of which she was a pioneer and had numerous manga series based on a more female audience, propelling her to be regarded as a great and even founder of a whole genre of manga and/or anime that continues to thrive to this day. Finally, but certainly not least, Akira Toriyama, the creator of the possibly most popular and well-known anime and manga in history, Dragon Ball and its many sequels, Dragon Ball Z, and Dragon Ball Super, which are all highly popular in the west, serving as many people's first exposure to anime and manga, including myself, and with this great success comes great influence, pushing anime and manga popularity in many Western countries. The aesthetic qualities of Japanese anime and manga art might emphasize visual styles that can vary from artist to artist or studio to studio that produces the animation, as well as manga series being different from one another. Exaggerated physical features such as large eyes, big, wacky colorful hair, and elongated limbs may be seen across any anime medium. Manga styles tend to differ in styles but still show some of these characteristics in one way or another. An example of a style of Japanese anime and manga art would be Osamu Tezuka's. His art style is derived and inspired by the Disney-influenced "cartoony" style, with the characteristics of large eyes and goofy hair, while Akira Toriyama's art style is more human and believable, with the exception of the same wacky and sometimes colorful hair and his occasionally drawing aliens and non-humans. His art style is completely different from Osamu Tezuka's. See them both back and forth with a few similarities. According to what I can find and tell, the 1960s were a great time in Tokyo, with some political issues here and there, but for the average Joe Schmoe, it seemed like everything was fine. It is also said that the 1960s were a time of extraordinary creativity in the arts. As Alexandra Munroe has stated, "it was undoubtedly the most creative outburst of anarchistic, subversive, and chaotic impulses throughout modern Japanese culture's history.", which I believe aligns with the belief that manga and anime modern ideas and beliefs blossomed in the 1960s, during a decade marked by many, many things on the political stage that would take a lifetime to explain, but to summarize, many protests and political uncertainty, but for an artist at the time, it was a chance to show off and spread their work.

Three main figures of Art Nouveau are Louis Comfort Tiffany, Alphonse Mucha and Aubrey Beardsley. They and other creators showcased characteristics of the movement. These include drawing from the natural world which is evident in the use of plant forms, organic lines, and muted colors such as green, brown, blue and yellow. Many works included symbolism of human relationships and nature.  

Art Nouveau was about challenging norms of the art world. Art education at this time empathized that painting and sculpture media was better than crafts like ironwork. Art Nouveau artists attempted to revive the declining quality in craftsmanship and challenge this notion through the diverse use of media. Furthermore, artists sought to shift away from historical 19th century art that was once popular, in favor of a new style. There was hardly any social or political commentary because Art Nouveau focused on the beauty of life and doing art for art’s sake. However, some creators attempted to challenge social values and norms.

At around the same time, another tagger in New York City, known as “TAKI” also became a pioneer of the graffiti movement. The Greek American graffiti artist was known for tagging subway trains, fire hydrants, and lamp posts with his signature tag, “TAKI 183”, a combination of his nickname and the street where he lived in Manhattan, NYC.

The introduction of graffiti art in Philadelphia and NYC inspired many others to begin tagging to make a name for themselves and their art. While some graffiti was made for personal expression, others were true works of art, experimenting with different writing styles, painting tools, and motion. Early graffiti artists were commonly called "writers" or "taggers", individuals who wrote their “stylized” signatures, with the goal of tagging as many locations as possible. 
 

Three notable graffiti Artists involved in the graffiti movement were Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960-1988) and Keith Haring (1958-1990), and Banksy. All three were well-known for their uniquely distinct styles and for helping to pioneer the graffiti movement around the world. 

 

The visual features of Graffiti art vary greatly by artists and the type of graffiti that they write. Graffiti writing styles range from “Tag”, “Throw”, and “Piece”.

·       Tag: simple writing of their stylized name.

·       Throw: A quick method of tagging using bubble letter script.

·       Piece: A large, planned masterpiece. 

Some common characteristics of graffiti include straight and wavy lines, modern shapes, and unique forms. Decorative script, color, and depth or dimension are also commonly seen graffiti art. 

 

The graffiti and street art movement started in the early 1960’s with the goal of creating a new subculture for “urban” street artists to express their creativity. Young kids developed a whole new artform that went from a simple “signature”, all the way to a “mural” that covered the entire side of a subway car. The graffiti and street art movement was born.

 

Graffiti was popularized as an act of resistance during the Civil Rights Movement in America in the 60s & 70s. During this time, some graffiti artists used their art to express their political views or opposition of what was going on and the injustices that was in the occurring at the time.

Minimalism in fine art originated in New York City in the 1960s as both newer and older artists moved towards geometric abstraction.

Minimalist artists abandoned compositional and coloristic complexity, layering images, detailing, and subjectivism. Instead, minimalism is characterized by the utmost desire for simplicity. In minimalism, the form is devoid of any subjectivity.
1.     Artist: Al Held, American (1928 - 2005)
 Title: Liv
 Year: 1992
 Medium: Etching with aquatint on paper, signed and numbered in pencil
In this painting by Ed Held, I was attracted to how the artist depicted the depth of space. The picture creates the impression that a space opens up before the viewer and, as it were, invites him to enter there. Pure, unblended colors, and complex color puzzles, mixing rectangular, round, and triangular shapes and sizes. The picture also creates an impression of lightness, and it seems that the figures are floating in the air.

b. 1936, Malden, Massachusetts

Title

Gray Scramble

Date

Medium

Oil on canvas
The squares of the stripes, painted with different colors, create the impression of a profoundly receding space. Yet, it seems that space is endless. This picture accurately conveys the essence of minimalism in art, simple geometric shapes, pure colors, straight lines, simple composition and symmetry of figures, balance in the center.

1924-2010

Flush, 1963

Acrylic on canvas
Kenneth Noland created his paintings on unprimed canvas with acrylic paints. The colors were absorbed into the canvas and created the effect of volume and depth.

b. 1931, Kansas City, Missouri; d. 2018, Kingston, New York

Title

Untitled (Brown Felt)

Date

1973
The Brown Felt sculpture, cut along the edges and screwed into the wall, creates symmetry and different associations. In my national culture, felt is a significant material because Kazakh nomads made portable houses or yurts from felt in ancient times. In addition, clothes, shoes, children's toys, carpets were sewn from felt. Therefore, this sculpture interested me because it is made of felt. The process of making felt is very laborious and lengthy. The main property of felt is that it does not absorb water and retains heat.

Artist's Name: Kiyoshi Kobayakawa

Year Created: 1930

Media/Materials Used: Limited Edition Woodblock Print Series

Dimensions of the Pieces: Full page Size: 20-1/4 x 11-3/4 "

This painting caught my attention because the artist conveyed the image of a Japanese woman in such an uncharacteristic manner as we used to perceive women in this culture. The picture expresses that era and new directions that influenced the formation of a new relaxed image of a woman in the 1930s.

Blue Over Green, from Suite of Twenty-Seven Color Lithographs, 1964-1965
Screenprint in colors, on Rives BFK paper
This picture interested me in its absolute simplicity, and at the same time, it has a specific meaning. During World War II, Ellsworth Kelly served in the Ghost Army, which provided military camouflage; he and other artists drew models of tanks, guns, and trucks to mislead the enemy. This experience became the basis of his first artistic works. Ellsworth Kelly's paintings are characterized by absolute simplicity and the use of no more than three colors.

    Artist's Name: Polish artist Tamara de Lempicka

    Year Created: 1929

    Media/Materials Used: Oil on panel

    Dimensions of the Pieces: 13 (3/4) in × 10.5 in

The luxurious elements of a sports car and the glamorous image caught my attention. In the view of a woman, the uninhibited woman is theatrically dressed: the hat is somewhat reminiscent of a helmet. The artist depicted herself and conveyed the spirit of freedom in that era. Through her portrait, she told the movement of Art Deco towards avant-garde art.

    Artist's Name: Designer: Emile-Jacques Ruhlmann 

                         (French, Paris 1879–1933 Paris)

    Year Created: Designed 1922; manufactured 1925–26

 

    Media/Materials Used: Macassar ebony, amaranth, ivory, oak lumber-core plywood, poplar, chestnut, mahogany, silvered brass

 

  Dimensions of the Pieces: 50 1/4 × 33 3/4 × 14 in., 84 lb. 
(127.6 × 85.7 × 35.6 cm, 38.1 kg)

Classification: Furniture

This piece of furniture caught my attention with its elegance and eye-catching materials used to make the Cabinet. Mahogany gives a luxurious look to this piece of furniture, and the antique ornament conveys the French spirit of lightness and airiness. The pieces of wood and ivory veneer in a complex pattern draw a puzzle for us and do not let us get bored. This Cabinet is not perceived as just furniture, but one wants to look and admire the skillful execution of the master of wood.

      Artist's Name: Ruhlmann, Emile Jacques (designer)

       Year Created: 1919-1923 (made)

        Media/Materials Used: Oak carcass, veneered with Andaman padouk       (on base and vase) and purple heart (on top and mirror back), solid purple heart columns, inlaid with ivory and ebony, mahogany drawers, and silvered bronze mirror frame and fittings. 

      Dimensions of the Pieces: Height: 119 cm, width: 76 cm, depth: 52.5 cm

This piece of furniture consists of 6 parts, and it attracted attention with its unusual shape. The mirror, brush, and other objects are set so unusually that you don't even understand what it looks like, maybe a vase, although this is a table according to the object's description. This Dressing Table is a work of art by a talented Art Deco designer, and I think this master will never cease to amaze people with his fantasy in interior furniture.

    Artist's Name: Edward Mason Eggleston

    Year Created: September 29th, 2020

    Media/Materials Used: Painting – Watercolor

  Valentine Girl is 1920-s Calendar Girl by Edward Mason Eggleston,        Printable Download in 5 sizes, Vintage reproduction Art.

This picture attracts the eye with a playful posing of a girl's figure that conveys the time in which she lives. Her carefree life is in a light dress with flowers, and in her hands, she holds a heart-shaped object and Cupid's arrow. She is in love and happy; her mood of love is conveyed by her surroundings, drawn in a heart shape. The Art Deco style is shown with impeccable lines, strong geometric shapes, and heart-shaped patterns.

The minimalist art style is distinguished by its neat and straight lines, basic geometric shapes, and harmonious choice of colors.

The minimalist movement occurred in the 1960s. During this time, a series of events took place within those years. The death of John F. Kennedy, Vietnam War, Civil Rights Protest, Cuban Missile Crisis, and more. The society experiences more student protests, liberation, and civil rights movements. Artists’ visual response to these events was to break the traditional form of art and enhance it further which resulted in minimalist art.

In this padlet I will be discussing artists important to this movement such as Mary Beth Edelson, Barbara Kruger, Alexandra Gallagher, Georgia O'Keeffe, and Judy Chicago. 

This movement provides several visual characteristics that each artist focuses on. Although not all the art of this movement is the same, it focused on art through a woman’s perspective or including women in a different light than how art used to depict women. 

The goals of this movement were to fight against and eventually end the objectification of women and go against a male-dominated world. The Feminist art movement targets society as a whole, so women can begin to see themselves in a positive way to worship their bodies and go against traditional views. 

The rise of the Feminist art movement came during the time most refer to as the “second wave” of feminism. This movement came nearing the end of the Vietnam War in the United States, where women often took the place of men while they were off at war. However, they were expected to return to their “roles” once the war ended, no longer needing to work outside the house.  Although women before this wave of feminism won the right to vote, this movement also focused on gender equality and race equality considering women of color were still struggling. 

This piece caught my attention because of how it uses The Last Supper as the foundation. From the MoMA description, Mary Beth Edelson's intention with this piece is to show off several women artists several who were important to the Feminist art movement.  What I like about it is that it is meant to also eliminate the presence of men in a place where history was patriarchal.  Personally, I dont recognize many of the people in this piece but as a person who has the Last Supper framed in my dining rooms, it just felt familiar. 

Numerous craftsmen have touched the craftsmanship and did their piece but the most ones were Andre Breton, German Max Ernst (1891-1976), the Frenchman Andre Masson (1896-1976), the Spaniard Joan Miro (1893-1983), and the American Man Ray (1890-1976). Surrealist Art is distinguished into many features by dream-like visuals. The art contradicted the judicious ways of considering which came about within the First World War. It was a clamor against the rationality that its advocates saw as an overwhelming and damaging drive in society, and without a doubt within the minds of individuals, that was dependable for much of the social ills of the time. Its objective was to free individuals from the logic of social/political structures which acted, eventually, as oppressors.

As WWII ejected in 1939, numerous specialists counting Breton and Ernst, took asylum within the United States and got to be a portion of the ‘European Specialists in Exile.’ Amid this time, in New York, the Surrealists craftsmen had ended up progressively powerful to youthful American specialists who had distinguished emphatically with the Surrealist imaginative forms and automatism.

Some of the most notable artists to emerge during the muralismo movement were Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros. Muralismo is best described as large-scale politically and socially motivated messages that were painted on walls in public spaces around Mexico. The primary characteristics of muralismo era art is the political message and large scale of the work itself. Since the artists were working in contract with the Mexican government, pieces from the muralismo period have political messages to convey in their art and depictions. 

One of the most well known Muralismo artists was Diego Rivera. His painting, “Flower Vendor” or “Vendedora de Flores” shows a woman holding a large basket of white lilies on her back. The woman wears a white shawl with tassels hanging off the ends. The basket is a brown, woven material with a blue strip of fabric to tie it onto the woman’s body. The painting has an all black background that helps the reds, whites and blues pop out. The woman is looking down at the ground and appears to be in a squatting position. 

Another well known muralist from this movement was David Alfaro Siqueiros. Siqueiros’s mural titled, “The Child Mother” shows two figures. One is a young but weathered looking girl who is dressed in white. On her back is an infant wrapped in blankets. The baby has a scowl on its face and the mother looks tired. Both the mother and child have very similar faces and almost look like versions of each other at different ages. The background is a non-specific mixture of rusty reds, browns and black. There are some lighter spots that appear to show the existence of light in the background of the painting. Both the mother and the child appear to be looking slightly down and to the right. 

The Muralismo movement was actually started by the Mexican government after the Mexican revolution. The government contracted artists to paint murals with political messages in an effort to repair relations between the government and the citizens. The goal of the muralismo movement was to promote a political agenda regarding the recent end of a social revolution. 

During the time muralismo took off, Mexico had just finished fighting the Mexican revolution. During this revolution, Mexicans declared independence and ended the Diaz dictatorship that governed their land and people. Since the artists were hired by the government, the art was most definitely political propaganda. The entire purpose of employing these artists was to bolster support during times of change and uncertainty after the fall of the Diaz empire and dictatorship in a now post-socialist revolution society.

    The world's first modern graffiti artist was a 12-year-old troublemaker living in Philadelphia's Youth Development Center, Darryl "Cornbread" McCray. Graffiti or hip-hop culture grew out of New York City's black and Latino communities. The spray can was a major influence in this movement.

  Modern art was born in New York during the 1960s when graffiti became popular. Painting names on buildings, or tagging buildings, became a new art form in the 1970s. McCray was recruited by Mayor Wilson Goode in 1984 to combat tagging among inner-city youth. The Anti-Graffiti Network became the Mural Arts Program, a national project of great importance. 

  I have seen different types of graffiti art done by Banksy, Lady Pink, and Darryl “Cornbread.”

The three main artists associated with this movement are Banksy, Shai Dahan, and Omen. The primary visual characteristics of graffiti are spray painted words or pictures on concrete usually with a message about current social or political issues. When this movement was being created the Vietnam War was going on as well as the protests against the war, and the civil rights movement. All of these events affected how the graffiti art movement evolved.

The Feminist art representatives are: "Judy Chicago, one of the pioneers of Feminist Art in the 1970s." Chicago pays attention to female artists questioning the men's dominance through Art. Her most famous representative work is "The Dinner Party" (1979), in which she acknowledges the strengths and celebrates the triumphs of women.

Miriam Schapiro represented a female profile; her goal was to find recognition for female artists. Schapiro supported Chicago in The Feminist Art Project and Womanhouse. Barbara Kruger is best known for her printing technique in which she engraves female images and her irony and satire characterization of her works.

During World War II, men were on the battlefield; for that reason government encouraged women to go out of their homes to work in men's jobs such as factories and war work industries. In this context, J. Howard Miller-Graphic Designer released "We Can Do It!," a photograph of a woman flexing her biceps and demonstrating her physical strength. Its artwork became a symbol of "female patriotism," the feminist movement; it is part of the history of the United States.

Andy Warhol 

1962 

acrylic paint and canvas 

each canvas: 2054 × 1448 × 20 mm

What attracted me to this piece was how simple yet creative it was. It was really just the same painting over and over again but the precision was well maintained through the piece. Also the bold colors really stood out to me.

Roy Lichtenstein 

1963 

acrylic and oil paint and canvas 

1747 × 4084 × 60 mm

This piece stood out to me because of the fact that this is how all comics look now. Very bold lines and bold colors as well. The piece almost immediately draws you to the big bold and bright “whaam!”.

Keith Haring 

1986 

paint(mural) 

16ft x 26ft 

This piece stood out to me because I didn’t realize I have seen many pieces of his art before on clothing and just social media. His artwork seems more modern than most and also very simple. This piece was a simple colored background and very bold cartoonish figures that attracted me. Also the title and wording in this piece stood out because it was an anti-drug promotion.

Roy Lichtenstein 

1961 

oil paint 

121.9 cm × 175.3 cm 

What made this piece stand out to me was the Mickey and Donald Duck in it. I grew up watching Mickey Mouse all the time so it really reminded me of my childhood. This piece used bold color and mostly the primary colors to really make it stand out. I also liked that it had a comic book feel to it as well.

Keith Haring

1987 

silkscreen 

12 x 15 in.

This piece stood out to me again because I have seen work of him before. He uses very simple shapes and bold lines and colors to make his artwork.

The name of the movement is Street Photography.

This movement was active from the 1930s till now with new street photography being taken everyday.

The movement started in the 1930s in Europe. It was founded in paris to be more specific.

Three of the main artists associated with this movement are Henri Cartier-Bresson as well as Brassaï and André Kertész.

 

The visual characteristics of this photo are the color, or lack there of, the focus of the photo and the sharpness.

 

The visual characteristics of this photo are the color, space, focus, and the image being mirrored off of the buildings.

The objective of this movement was to capture everyday life in photos simply allowing people and common items to show their beauty in themselves. 

During this time 1930 was the first major year if the depression as well as the first year of prohibition being enforced heavily. The artists were photographing the struggles of the time.