Concrete: Using concrete materials, such as base-ten blocks, so that students can work on the concept of Place Value, addition with regrouping, and subtraction with borrowing.

Pictorial: Students have worked in groups representing different topics with drawings on their small whiteboards.

Abstract: Then they have represented the concepts using numbers, placing them on a place value chart or by writing the equations (addition or subtraction).

In addition, we have worked on having students create "Number Bonds" first to find different ways to make the sum of 10 (5+5, 6+4, 8+2, etc.). Then they created various combinations to reach other results.

Regarding problem-solving, we are using a chart (which we are attaching) with guiding questions to help students solve different types of problems, following the Singapore methodology.

We are also applying metacognition, encouraging students to reflect on the why, what for, and how of their learning.