Summative Figure by Elizabeth Shaw (EMSHAW4907) https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh en-us 2021-02-27 01:43:10 UTC 2024-11-14 07:53:38 UTC hello@padlet.com Hypothesis emshaw4907 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248745143 Frogs surviving Bd infection would show an earlier and larger magnitude of acquired immune gene expression compared to susceptible frogs ]]> 2021-02-27 21:17:32 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248745143 Introduction emshaw4907 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248756761 Rana yavapaiensis
(Kettenburg, 2007)
Intraspecific variation
Acquired and Innate Immunity ]]> 2021-02-27 21:27:57 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248756761 Summative Figure: Sustained immune activation is associated with susceptibility to the amphibian chytrid fungus emshaw4907 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248761446 By Elizabeth Shaw and Destinee Barbosa ]]> 2021-02-27 21:32:05 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248761446 Introduction emshaw4907 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248769499 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( Scanning electron micrograph, 2009)
Chytridiomycosis- decrease in amphibian populations]]> 2021-02-27 21:38:54 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248769499 2.6 Gene Expression analyses emshaw4907 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248857178 Differential Gene Expression of Immune System
  • control 
  • early-infection 
  • late infection "surviving" 
  • late infection "susceptible"
]]> 2021-02-27 23:09:26 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248857178 2.7 MHC Class IIβ Sequences emshaw4907 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248868188 Measure of MHC Class IIβ polymorphism by extracting transcriptome contigs with significant homology ]]> 2021-02-27 23:22:42 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248868188 2.8 MHC Class IIβ genealogical relationships emshaw4907 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248875401 Bayesian Model of analysis
(Kharlamova, 2018) ]]> 2021-02-27 23:32:32 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248875401 2.9 MHC class IIβ supertyping and disease associations emshaw4907 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248882143 Peptide bonding capabilities 
Supertypes -Relative Risk
z1- hydrophobicity 
z2- steric bulk 
z3- polarity 
z4 & z5 - electronic effects ]]> 2021-02-27 23:40:15 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248882143 2.10 GLMM analyses of Bd infection intensity, disease, and gene expression relationships emshaw4907 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248893935 GLMM- Generalized linear mixed model 
Early infection individuals]]> 2021-02-27 23:55:02 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248893935 Results-Figure 2 emshaw4907 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248901515 2021-02-28 00:05:06 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248901515 Results-Figure 2 Summary emshaw4907 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248903835 Comparison of expressed immune response genes in spleen and skin among Bd exposed and unexposed individuals]]> 2021-02-28 00:08:12 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248903835 Conclusion emshaw4907 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248908126 High immune function = more susceptibility (Optum Perks Author, 2019) 
Ineffective acquired immune response ]]> 2021-02-28 00:13:31 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248908126 Next Steps emshaw4907 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248915777
  • Single cell analyses-amphibian skin
  • More taxa 
  • Immunizations
    • ]]>     2021-02-28 00:23:54 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1248915777     Materials and Methods dmbarb0624 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1251536934 2021-03-01 05:30:36 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1251536934 2.1 Animal Husbandry dmbarb0624 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1251540529
  • 7 clutches collected from 4 locations in Arizona (4 treatment and 3 control)
  • tested for Bd presence using qPCR then reared at the National Zoological Park's Reptile Discovery Center
  • once metamorphosed, they are placed in a slanted cage with water pooled on one end and a moistened shelter on the other.
    • ]]>     2021-03-01 05:32:38 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1251540529     2.2 Experimental Bd Exposures dmbarb0624 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1251557028
  • immunocompetent frogs swabbed the day before exposure to Bd strain JEL423
  • 52 individuals infected
  • 30 individuals sham-exposed
  • 5 experimental and 3 controls were randomly euthanized on 1st, 8th, 15th, 29th, and 42nd DPI to determine effect of infection over time
    • (others once clinical signs of chytridiomycosis appeared)
    ]]>     2021-03-01 05:41:18 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1251557028     2.3 Sample Collection dmbarb0624 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1251575463
  • euthanized via intracoelomic injection of MS-222
  • collected 1 cm2 of drink patch skin and whole spleen of each individual 
    • (Ward et al., 2015)
    ]]>     2021-03-01 05:52:05 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1251575463     2.4 Transcriptome Sequencing dmbarb0624 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1251585545 (Martin, 2020)]]> 2021-03-01 05:57:30 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1251585545 2.5 Gene Ontology Annotation dmbarb0624 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1251590510 Genes sequences were pooled, filtered, aligned, mapped, and annotated.]]> 2021-03-01 06:00:00 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1251590510 Results- Figure 1 dmbarb0624 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1251596839 2021-03-01 06:03:14 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1251596839 Results- Figure 1 Summary dmbarb0624 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1251600806 a) disease signs over the course of infection
    b) Bd intensity over the course of infection
    c) immune response gene expression in surviving versus susceptible frogs
    d) representation of immune gene functions categorized by clutch number]]>     2021-03-01 06:05:14 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1251600806     Discussion- Figure 3 dmbarb0624 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1251603906 2021-03-01 06:06:41 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1251603906 Discussion- Figure 3 Summary dmbarb0624 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1251607234 Parts (a), (b) and (c) are displaying MHC class IIβ expression on the y access and how it correlates to different the different treatment groups (early, late surviving, and late susceptible) and the control. Part (d) displays the phylogeny created using the genes that they mapped during the experiment.  ]]> 2021-03-01 06:08:07 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1251607234 https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1265608069 Savage AE, Gratwicke B, Hope K, Bronikowski E, Fleischer RC. Sustained immune activation is associated with susceptibility to the amphibian chytrid fungus. Molecular Ecology. 29:2889-2903.; 2020. doi: 10.1111/mec.15533

    ]]>     2021-03-03 19:14:57 UTC https://padlet.com/emshaw4907/u3fhim2ihlcm8kmh/wish/1265608069