History of Education Postwar Era by Katarina List

Education Change During Postwar Era (1945-2000)

klist9 — 2024-10-16 17:05:54 UTC

1950s

klist9 — 2024-10-16 17:06:05 UTC

National Defense Education Act of 1958

klist9 — 2024-10-16 17:12:08 UTC

The US Office of Education sponsored research and innovation in science, math, modern foreign languages, and guidance and creating new programs to meet these goals.

Sputnik (1957)

klist9 — 2024-10-21 16:28:40 UTC

First satellite sent into space (done by Soviet Union)

Students, teachers, and US leaders blamed the education system

Change in curriculum and the purpose of school

klist9 — 2024-10-21 16:37:37 UTC

Curriculum: Drastically revised to emphasized patriotic involvement in math and science

Purpose: Preparing students to academically defeat Russian students to ensure the survival of society by trying to educate the best scientists and engineers for development of military technology

Brown vs Board of Education (1954)

klist9 — 2024-10-21 16:41:01 UTC

Beginning of school desegregation

Supreme court rejected "separate but equal" doctrine

1960s

klange46 — 2024-10-21 16:43:41 UTC

War on Poverty and the Great Society

klange46 — 2024-10-21 16:46:47 UTC

Under the administration of President Kennedy. They developed methods, materials and programs such as subsidized breakfast and lunch. As well as Head Start, Upward Bound, and Job Corps to help kids who were disadvantaged from poverty in school and getting jobs to help them outside of school.

Change in who is taught

klist9 — 2024-10-21 16:48:24 UTC

This case made segregation in school based on race illegal, changing who was taught in schools (instead of having schools designated for "whites" and "blacks", schools included students of all race).

Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965)

klange46 — 2024-10-21 16:48:52 UTC

US government allocated funds based on the number of poor children in school districts. Schools that were in very impoverished received more assistance to address their problems.

Bilingual Education Act of 1968

klange46 — 2024-10-21 16:49:59 UTC

The government provided federal aid to low-income children "of limited English speaking ability"

1970s

klange46 — 2024-10-21 16:56:47 UTC

1980s

klist9 — 2024-10-21 16:58:42 UTC

Created a Debate for Parents and Teachers

klange46 — 2024-10-21 17:05:20 UTC

About whether this act should help kids make the transition to English or help students maintain their non-english language and culture.

Title IX and Indian Education Act (1972)

klist9 — 2024-10-21 17:07:36 UTC

Title IX- prohibited discrimination in all parts of education based on sex

Indian Education Act: It established funding to support education programs for American Indian and Alaska Native students that are culturally relevant

Back to the Basics Accountability Movement

klange46 — 2024-10-21 17:09:34 UTC

This movement demanded teacher accountability. It limited their instructional flexibility and extended their evaluation paperwork. Parents believes that they could provide a better education to their kids than teachers and many students transitioned to homeschooling.

Education for All Handicapped Children Act (mainstreaming law) and Indochina Migration and Refugee Assistance Act (1975)

klist9 — 2024-10-21 17:12:03 UTC

Mainstreaming law: Specified procedures to guarantee children with special needs will receive a free, appropriate education in the least restrictive educational environment and began involving parents when planning education programs for their children.

Indochina Migration and Refugee Assistance Act: It funded and established a program to resettle refugees from Cambodia and Vietnam within the US.

1990s

klange46 — 2024-10-21 18:20:03 UTC

2000s

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Padeia Proposal (1982)

klange46 — 2024-10-21 18:22:45 UTC

Called for a Perennialist core curriculum based on the Great Books. It was a return to the values of classical civilization. The curriculum was divided into 6 categories: 1) Language, Literature and the Fine Arts; 2) Mathematics and Natural Science; 3) History, Geography and Social Studies; 4) Foreign Language; 5) Physical Education [12 years], and Manual Training including cooking, sewing, typing, machine repair [6 years]; 6) A general introduction to the world of work [last 2 years].

Challenges faced and changes made

klist9 — 2024-10-21 19:13:54 UTC

Greater diversity: multicultural Curriculum Reform, bilingual Educational Debate, mainstreaming and inclusion

Greater international competition: greater accountability, national goals and standards, school-to-work programs

Less support for public education: school vouchers and school choice, privatization of education, business-school partnerships

Decentralization and deregulation of schools: school-based management, school restructuring, charter schools

Innovative approaches to teaching and learning were developed throughout the United States: collaborative relationships with students, principals, parents, and the private sector

Trends that continue to influence education

klange46 — 2024-10-21 19:26:54 UTC

New technology, greater cultural diversity, restructured approaches to administration and management and more knowledge about teaching and learning. As well as equity for all students, excellence and high standards and accountability for schools, teachers and students.

Changed teacher's role

klist9 — 2024-10-21 19:38:02 UTC

It lessened the importance of "creative teachers" by decreasing the amount of flexibility and increase in home school.

Who controls the school and decides what is taught

klist9 — 2024-10-22 15:15:52 UTC

The government is the main contributor to controlling schools, since making schools more equitable to students was the main objective during this time and they have the power to initiate this change.

Change in who controls the school and decides what is taught

klist9 — 2024-10-22 15:17:49 UTC

Parent's and community begin playing a bigger role in controlling schools along with the government which then influences (and changes) what is taught in the school.

Change in who and what is taught

klist9 — 2024-10-22 15:25:40 UTC

By providing funding to support various education programs in hopes of making school more equitable for more minorities, it's changing what is taught by expanding who is taught.

Change in what is taught

klist9 — 2024-10-22 15:32:13 UTC

This called for a change in the curriculum to return back to centering it around Perennialism and now focusing on teaching about the classical civilization

Change in purpose of school

klist9 — 2024-10-22 15:35:57 UTC

This changed the purpose of school to not only focus on educating students by providing for their physical needs as well.

Change in who and what is taught

klist9 — 2024-10-22 15:39:16 UTC

By providing funding to support various education programs in hopes of making school more equitable for bilingual students, it's changing what is taught by expanding to meet the needs of who is taught

Change in what is taught

klist9 — 2024-10-22 15:46:26 UTC

This act changed what is taught by focusing on teaching more STEM based subjects and creating new programs in math, science, anthropology. economics, political science, social studies, and foreign language instructions.