https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1 Please include your name on your sticky-note en-us 2020-10-05 21:50:16 UTC 2020-10-14 19:05:20 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/818372207 The Ainu language is holophrastic with respect to English in terms of its personal pronouns. The pronouns one uses do not just indicate person and number, but also the relative status of the speaker and the addressee. For example, for the first-person singular pronoun, "K", "Ku", and "Kuani" are all acceptable forms, but also "Kani" which is considered to be a rude way of speaking, "Anokai" which is used to refer to oneself when addressing an inferior, and "Chokai" principally for communication with Japanese people who are not fluent in Ainu. (This information is from "An Ainu-English-Japanese Dictionary" by John Bachelor, as cited by xander in his example for class.)
-matthew]]> 2020-10-10 05:15:01 UTC https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/818372207 https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/826647368 Alida's project depicts two examples of holophrasis between English and Korean. The lexical example given looks at the Korean word "anju" meaning "food served with alcoholic drinks." The grammatical example given are the 3rd person singular pronouns which can to either a human or an animal. She speaks to the importance of understanding holophrasis, especially for translation work. 
-Esme]]> 2020-10-13 20:55:22 UTC https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/826647368 https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/827113794 Tyler's example of holophrasis comes from Isnag, spoken in Northern Philippines. A really great example of this language using one word to express something that's a complex idea in English is their word "dappál." This means "'“to get sick on account of one or more members of the household who returned home after having attended a solemn sacrifice in another town.'" This reveals something that's an important idea in another culture that we probably wouldn't consider in English, specifically attending a solemn sacrifice in another town and getting sick on account of that. This is lexical holophrasis, and Tyler was not able to find an example of grammatical holophrasis in his dictionary.]]> 2020-10-14 01:23:40 UTC https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/827113794 https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/827133332 Eamon M. In Isnag, a language spoken by about 32,600 speakers in the Apayao province of the Philippines, an example of holophrasis would be "mabarambannān," which means: to die on account of a newcomer who built his house upstream. This extremely specific cause of death is represented in a single word, rather than as a sentence or phrase. This is lexical holophrasis.]]> 2020-10-14 01:33:17 UTC https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/827133332 https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/827174446 In Xander's project, he describes a couple of examples of holophrasis in Ainu, a language spoken by the Ainu people of Northern Japan. One example is seen in the Ainu word humi. When translated into English, humi has three meanings: "sound," "state," and "form." This is an example of lexical holophrasis.
(Maggie)]]> 2020-10-14 01:52:59 UTC https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/827174446 https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/827255419 In Afra's paper they discuss the relationship between English and Arabic in respect to lexical and grammatical holophrasis. In the paper the use the example of the word "huda" which translates into English as, "animating singsong, chanting of a caravan leader." As Afra points out, there is not a single one to one translation for this term in english which makes in holophrasic in respect to this example in Arabic. - Isabella]]> 2020-10-14 02:35:18 UTC https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/827255419 https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/827275885 Afra points to the Arabic root "huda'" which translates to "animating, singsong chanting of a caravan leader" as an example of lexical holophrasis. From this root come several other Arabic words that have something to do with these songs by caravan leaders or camel drivers. Meanwhile, English does not have a single word for any of these phrases. This is a good example of holophrasis because, in Boas's words, from the view of an English speaker Arabic is "expressing a complex idea by a single term" (22). Additionally, Afra turns to linguistic functionalism to explain this difference between Arabic and English, pointing to the history of places where English developed not needing a phrase for a caravan leaders's song, since there were no caravans. -Eliza]]> 2020-10-14 02:45:36 UTC https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/827275885 https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/827312793 I enjoyed Afra's examples of holophrasis in Modern Standard Arabic. I particularly enjoyed learning about the lexical holophrasis in the words huda' and uhdoowa as specific types of chanting and song respectively. These are holophrastic with respect to English because you have to use many English words to describe exactly what kind of chanting and music they are. This makes me think about a discussion we had in my ethnomusicology class about different words for music in Arabic, and the professor said that there were distinct words for secular and sacred music, which I'm sure would be another type of holophrasis. He made it clear that these are two very distinct concepts as well.]]> 2020-10-14 03:06:24 UTC https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/827312793 https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/827913158 In Alida's project, she describes lexical holophrasis using the word 안주 (anju), which means food served with alcohol drinks. Here, Korean is the holophrastic language compared to English given the simplicity of 안주 which has no real equivalent word in English and requires an entire phrase to explain.
-Andrew]]> 2020-10-14 08:24:39 UTC https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/827913158 https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/829188337 In Arabic there are many examples of holophrasis when compared to the English language. One example of lexical holophrasis is the Arabic word "حان" or "hana." Although, depending on the context, it can have multiple meanings, one such meaning is "to happen accidentally." In this instance, Arabic is holophrastic in relation to English because there is no way in English to say "to happen accidentally" without using more than one word. -Maddie]]> 2020-10-14 15:56:42 UTC https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/829188337 https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/829536797 In a book I read called A Tale for the Time Being, which is written by a Japanese Canadian author, there would often little footnotes with translations for certain Japanese words and phrases. As I was looking through the book, I noticed karōshi which roughly means "death from overwork," which came about in the 1980s around the height of the bubble economy in Japan. There's another example in the book which I thought was quite beautiful, komorebi which means the sunlights that shines through leaves and trees. -- Selena]]> 2020-10-14 17:17:09 UTC https://padlet.com/cecileevers/twy8zj4rckwm6go1/wish/829536797