Where a business does not provide its workers with reasonable working conditions, so that work can cause serious discomfort and even injury.

A common example is sweatshops where workers are worked unreasonable hours and are required to do repetitive tasks that can lead to stress injuries. 

Another example is in India, where some government workers are instructed to undertake manual sewage and removal of human waste by hand. 

Bribery
Where businesses or governments offer a monetary or legal bribe to ensure something is done the way they want it to be.

Where the economic process of a business providing a good or service to a consumer negatively affects a third party.

Example 1: A pet shop is trying to provide its customers with pets, but the noise of the barking dogs disrupts the sleep of the neighbours.

Example 2: A water company tries to provide its customers with water. However, the company uses so much water that villages downstream lose their access to the water.

The lowest wage payable as determined by law. This is generally in a bid to prevent people being underpaid for their work and exploited.

Some businesses will move their production to countries where the
minimum wage is lower, or non-existent. Such as, Indonesia, Bangladesh, China.

Where the actions of a business produce results that were not planned or

foreseen.  These can often be of negative effect and are related to
negative externalities.

A recent example is the BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. BP controlled an
oilrig in the middle of the Gulf of Mexico that unexpectedly exploded and
leaked oil over the Louisiana coastline.

The money that a business makes minus what
it spends to operate. 

It is said profit is the greatest
motivating factor for businesses in a free market.

Where businesses do what is morally ‘good’
or ‘right’. Typically involving action that avoids harm to people or the environment. 

Ethical behaviour CAN be profitable behaviour where consumers demand a business act ethically.

Charity
The act of providing disadvantaged people

with help, money, food, water, etc. for free. Charity can be conducted by a
business, or businesses can be set up for the sole purpose of being charitable.

Charity is generally considered ethical
behaviour, and businesses will conduct acts of charity to improve their image –
competitive advantage.