The organizing group was Indians of All Tribes

The leaders were Richard Oakes, LaNada War Jack, John Trudell, and Wilma Mankiller

The major people involved were significant because their unity and dedication was one of the first instances of unity between Native American tribes.

The short term reason for occupying Alcatraz Island was to build cultural centers on an island that was legally Native American land so that they could revive Native American culture

The long term reason for occupying Alcatraz Island was to bring attention to and challenge the oppression that Native Americans had faced in the past and in the present through policies such as termination

The protest began in November 1969 and ended in June 1971, lasting for about a year and a half

The protest took place on Alcatraz Island, an island that had housed a notoriously high security prison for many years. It was declared surplus land, which, in accord with a treaty from 1868, meant that it was Native American land. this island was a fairly small island just off of the San Francisco coast.

The protesters arrived on Alcatraz via ferry, which was almost completely blockaded. Richard Oakes ended up swimming past the blockade

The protestors used the few supplies they brought and donations they received to survive on the island, and used most of their time trying to draw attention to their protest through the media

The protest ended because Richard Oakes left with his wife after his daughter's death, federal support had been cut off, donations were running thin, and non-native people were coming to the island, diminishing the movement

The short term effects included the land belonging to Native Americans and lots of media and governmental attention, with the president at the time suggesting that the Termination policy be repealed

The long term effects of the occupation of Alcatraz included the ultimate repeal of Termination, a newfound widespread understanding of the harm towards Native Americans and laying the foundation for future protests of a similar nature.