Memory Review U6A by Dani D https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx Made with charm en-us 2021-11-07 15:00:55 UTC 2021-11-13 15:03:31 UTC hello@padlet.com coding = the format in how the info is stored https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886655984 2021-11-12 13:51:13 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886655984 created by Baddeley https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886656340 2021-11-12 13:51:23 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886656340 capacity = the amount of info that is stored https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886657075 2021-11-12 13:51:44 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886657075 Sensory register https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886657843 Coding - modality specific e.g. ionic, echoic
Capacity - high
Duration - very brief

]]> 2021-11-12 13:52:06 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886657843 duration= how long the info is stored for https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886658036 2021-11-12 13:52:11 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886658036 episodic buffer https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886658215 helps keep time and event sequencing
it puts all of the info into LTM]]> 2021-11-12 13:52:16 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886658215 coding = acoustic in STM https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886659240 2021-11-12 13:52:43 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886659240 central executive https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886659383 supervisory role, limited capacity, doesn't store info and monitors data ]]> 2021-11-12 13:52:47 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886659383 STM https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886659681 Coding - acoustic
Capacity - 7 +/- 2
Duration - 18 secs]]> 2021-11-12 13:52:55 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886659681 capacity = 7(+-2) in STM https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886660813 2021-11-12 13:53:25 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886660813 LTM https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886660826 Coding - semantic
Capacity - unlimited
Duration - up to a lifetime]]> 2021-11-12 13:53:26 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886660826 https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886661664
A method of interviewing eyewitnesses to help them retrieve more accurate memories​
  
   
]]> 2021-11-12 13:53:48 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886661664 duration = 18 secs in STM https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886662074 2021-11-12 13:53:55 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886662074 https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886662104 anxiety= state of emotional & physical arousal ]]> 2021-11-12 13:53:56 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886662104 visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS) https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886662143 inner scribe - arragement of what you see
visual cache - visual data ]]> 2021-11-12 13:53:57 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886662143 https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886662180 These techniques were collectively called the cognitive interview
there are 4 steps: 
1. report everything 
2. reinstate the context 
3. reverse the order 
4. change perspective 

]]> 2021-11-12 13:53:59 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886662180 Encoding Specificity Principle https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886662485 When we encode information, we also encode the cues around it so retrieval failure is forgetting that occurs when the cues that were present at encoding are absent at retrieval.]]> 2021-11-12 13:54:08 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886662485 https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886663313 Ronald Fisher and Edward Geiselman (1992)]]> 2021-11-12 13:54:29 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886663313 Episodic https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886664094 Memories of life events
Personal
Time-stamped
Conscious
Explicit]]> 2021-11-12 13:54:50 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886664094 coding = semantic in LTM https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886664693 2021-11-12 13:55:06 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886664693 Created by Atkinson + Shiffrin https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886664960 2021-11-12 13:55:13 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886664960 phonological loop- deals with auditory info, codes acoustically https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886664977 phonological store- stores words you hear
articulacy process- allows maintenance rehearsal - stores up to 2 seconds of what you hear]]> 2021-11-12 13:55:14 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886664977 capacity = unlimited in LTM https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886665666 2021-11-12 13:55:30 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886665666 duration = unlimited in LTM https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886666656 2021-11-12 13:55:55 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886666656 proactive https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886666701 when an old memory interferes with a new one leading either one or both to be forgotten or distorted]]> 2021-11-12 13:55:56 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886666701 https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886667063 anxiety has a negative effect on recall--> Johnson + Scott- showed the effect of weapon focus- when participants saw weapon their memory recall was reduced signficantly compared to the participants who didn't see a weapon]]> 2021-11-12 13:56:06 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886667063 retroactive https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886667275 when a new memory interferes with an old one leading either one or both to be forgotten or distorted]]> 2021-11-12 13:56:11 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886667275 Semantic https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886667302 Knowledge of the world e.g. facts
Not personal
Not time-stamped
Conscious 
Explicit]]> 2021-11-12 13:56:12 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886667302 if more similar more likely for forgetting to occur https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886668877 2021-11-12 13:56:54 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886668877 Procedural https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886669296 Everyday skills e.g. walking
Not personal
Not time-stamped
Non-conscious
Implicit]]> 2021-11-12 13:56:56 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886669296 Founded by Tulving https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886670137 2021-11-12 13:57:08 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886670137 Leading Questions https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886670279 This is when the question is phrased in a way that prompts you to give a certain answer. There was research done by psychologists about a car crash in which participants needed to answer how fast cars were going. Were given 5 different verbs and with the more violent word, the participants said they were going faster than when the word was 'contacted']]> 2021-11-12 13:57:12 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886670279 https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886670567 limitation--> it takes more time and training than a typical police interview 
limitation--> research has found it's more effective when 2 of the techniques are used alone. using a combination of report everything and reinstate the context produces better results 
strength--> evidence that it works data compared 55 studies of the CI and a police interview and there was a 41% increase in accurate info ]]> 2021-11-12 13:57:20 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886670567 Info passed from sensory register to STM by paying attention https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886672027 2021-11-12 13:57:59 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886672027 Research on coding https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886673014 - Baddeley
- 4 groups of words: acoustically similar and disimilar, semantically similar and disimilar
- shown and then asked to recall
- STM= worst with acoustically similar, best with acoustically disimilar
- LTM= worse with sematically similar, best with semantically disimilar
- coded acousticaly in STM and semantically in LTM]]> 2021-11-12 13:58:14 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886673014 Info passed from STM to LTM by prolonged rehearsal https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886673314 2021-11-12 13:58:22 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886673314 https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886673502 anxiety has positive effect on recall- Yuille + Cutshall study of actual shooting in Vancouver- 21 witnesses + 13 took part in study. recall was very accurate + little effect in change of memory after 5 months- shows anxiety doesn't have negative effect

]]> 2021-11-12 13:58:27 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886673502 McGough and McDonald study for RI https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886674009 participants learnt list of 10 words until remembered and there were 6 groups who had to learn different types of lists. when they were asked to recall the old list, the participants who had to remember the list of synonyms produced the worst recall showing interference is strongest when memories are similar ]]> 2021-11-12 13:58:42 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886674009 limitation - forgetting can be overcome by cues which isn't mentioned in the theory https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886674797 2021-11-12 13:58:59 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886674797 https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886674882 tunnel theory of memory=enhanced memory for central events ]]> 2021-11-12 13:59:01 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886674882 Context-Dependent Forgetting https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886675118 Godden & Badeley researched context-dependent forgetting using deep sea divers. They had 4 groups: those who learnt a list of words under water and had to recall under water, those who learn a list of words under water but had to recall on land, those that learnt it online but had to recall under water and those who learnt it on land and had to recall on land. They found that accurate recall was 40% lower in the non-matching conditions, concluding that external cues absent at recall led to retrieval failure.]]> 2021-11-12 13:59:08 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886675118 https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886676507 fight or flight can be helpful + detrimental ]]> 2021-11-12 13:59:39 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886676507 Info passed from LTM to STM through recall https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886676948 2021-11-12 13:59:50 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886676948 Research on Capacity https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886677532 - Jacobs
- measuring digit span
- say 4 digits and if correct add another until they cant add anymore
- mean span for digits = 9 
-letters = 7]]> 2021-11-12 14:00:05 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886677532 enhanced cognitive interview https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886680051 fisher(1887) added elements to the CI to focus on the interaction 
interviewer needs to know when to establish eye contact 
ECI also includes ideas such as reducing eyewitness anxiety, minimising distractions, getting the witness to speak slow and ask open end questions ]]> 2021-11-12 14:01:11 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886680051 https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886681273 yerkes-dodson model= relationship between emotional arousal and performance is inverted U- performance will increase with stress up to a certain point]]> 2021-11-12 14:01:44 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886681273 Post-event discussion https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886682103 When witnesses to a crime or event, discuss what they saw. This can influence peoples personal opinion. Research was done in pairs where each participant saw the same event filmed from different perspectives. Results showed that majority of people were reporting things that their video didn't show, therefore conforming to other peoples opinions]]> 2021-11-12 14:02:07 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886682103 Research on Duration https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886682522 - Peterson
- syllable and a number
- count backwards until told to stop
18 seconds

]]> 2021-11-12 14:02:20 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886682522 State-Dependent Forgetting https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886754655 Carter & Cassaday gave participants antihistamines. Participants had to learnt list of words in different conditions:
1) learn on drug-recall on drug
2) learn on drug-recall not on drug
3) learn not on drug-recall not on drug
4) learn not on drug-recall on drug
Recall was significantly worse for participants in the mismatched conditions.]]> 2021-11-12 14:27:39 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1886754655 Evaluation Point - Strength with C/A https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1888295388 There is real-world application as it can be used in the legal justice system especially with protecting innocent people from convictions based on unreliable EWT. HOWEVER, applications of the eye-witness testimony may be affected by issues with research]]> 2021-11-13 15:03:31 UTC https://padlet.com/dinuradudaniel3000/tuwlrb3g0d7z0qrx/wish/1888295388