Muslim rulers from in and around the region long tried to take the city and keep it in their control, and thus, much like most of the Hejaz region, the city has seen several regime changes. The city was most recently conquered in the Saudi conquest of Hejaz by Ibn Saud and his allies in 1925. Since then, Mecca has seen a tremendous expansion in size and infrastructure, with newer, modern buildings such as the Abraj Al Bait, the world's fourth-tallest building and third-largest by floor area,^[12] towering over the Great Mosque. The Saudi government has also carried out the destruction of several historical structures and archaeological sites,^[13] such as the Ajyad Fortress.^[14][15][16] However, many of the demolitions have officially been part of the continued expansion of the Masjid al-Haram at Mecca and the Prophet's Mosque in Medina and their auxiliary service facilities in order to accommodate the ever-increasing number of Muslims performing the pilgrimage (hajj).^[17] Non-Muslims are prohibited from entering the city.^[18][19]

Under the Saudi government, Mecca is governed by the Mecca Regional Municipality, a municipal council of 14 locally elected members headed by the mayor (called Amin in Arabic) appointed by the Saudi government. In 2015, the mayor of the city was Osama bin Fadhel Al-Barr;^[20][21] as of January 2022, the mayor is Saleh Al-Turki.^[22] The City of Mecca amanah, which constitutes Mecca and the surrounding region, is the capital of the Mecca Province, which includes the neighbouring cities of Jeddah and Ta'if, even though Jeddah is considerably larger in population than Mecca. Prince Khalid bin Faisal Al Saud has been the provincial governor of the province since 16 May 2007.^[23]

NUR SYAFIZA DANIA

1 ALI

It wasn’t until 1905, with Isidore Blanc and Edouard-Alfred Martel’s highly publicized descent of the Verdon, that the whole of France discovered this mythical place.

In the 1930s, the Blanc-Martel and Imbut trails and the Route des Crêtes opened up the site to tourism. Between 1948 and 1975, the construction of five dams on the Verdon (Castillon, Chaudanne, Sainte-Croix, Quinson, Esparron), creating 5 artificial lakes with the same names, marked a new boom in tourism.

by: Muhammad Danish Hakim Bin Mohd Noraliff

1 ALI/2024

The African Savanna is an ecosystem teeming with an incredible variety of iconic wildlife. Among its inhabitants are the majestic African Elephants, fast-paced cheetahs, long-necked giraffes, stripy zebras, powerful lions, and animals you might have never heard of, like the aardvark.

By: MUHAMMAD AKIF AISY BIN FAIRUZ SHAHRIL

1 ALI

The Lake Baikal is home to thousands of species of plants and animal.Unesco declared Baikal a world Heritage side in 1996

Bali was possibly home to several large mammals: banteng, leopard and the endemic Bali tiger. The banteng still occurs in its domestic form, whereas leopards are found only in neighbouring Java, and the Bali tiger is extinct.

The tourism industry is primarily focused in the south, while also significant in the other parts of the island. The prominent tourist locations are the town of Kuta (with its beach), and its outer suburbs of Legian and Seminyak (which were once independent townships), the east coast town of Sanur (once the only tourist hub), Ubud towards the centre of the island, to the south of the Ngurah Rai International Airport, Jimbaran and the newer developments of Nusa Dua and Pecatu.

By:

Muhammad Haziq

1 Ali

Ahmad Irfan Bin Ilham Firdaus

1 Ali

Nur Iman Aisyah Binti Safiee

1.Ali

By Ayesha binti Mohd Najib

1 Ali 2024

The three emperors who were patrons of the work are known as the Flavian dynasty, and the amphitheater was named the Flavian Amphitheater .

The Colosseum is built of travertine limestone ,ruff ( volcanic rock), and brick- faced concrete. It could hold an estimated 50,000 to 80,000 spectators at various points in its history, having an average audience of some 65,000,it was used for gladiatorial contest and public spectacles including animal hunts, executions, reenactments of famous battles, dramas based on Roman mythology, and briefly mock sea battles.

The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era. It was later reused for such purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine.

Although substantially ruined by earthquakes and stone robbers taking spolia, the Colosseum is still a renowned symbol of Imperial Rome and was listed as one of the New 7 Wonders of the World.

It is one of Rome's most popular tourist attractions and has links to the Catholic Church, as each Good Friday the Pope leads a torchlit "Way of the Cross" procession that starts in the area around the Colosseum. The Colosseum is depicted on the Italian version of the 5 euro cent coin.

Natural Attractions
Langkawi is famous for its unique landscapes, including dramatic limestone formations, mangrove forests, and mountain ranges. The island's most iconic feature is the Langkawi Sky Bridge, a curved pedestrian bridge that offers breathtaking panoramic views of the surrounding islands, rainforest, and the Andaman Sea. For nature enthusiasts, the Langkawi Wildlife Park and Kilim Karst Geoforest Park offer opportunities for wildlife watching and river cruises.

Langkawi's Pantai Cenang is its most popular beach, offering a mix of water sports, beachfront cafes, and vibrant nightlife. Other tranquil beaches like Pantai Tengah and Datai Bay provide more peaceful, scenic settings. Visitors can also explore the Langkawi Cable Car for an exhilarating ride up Gunung Mat Cincang, one of the island's highest peaks.

Cultural and Historical Sites
Langkawi is steeped in local legends and myths. One of the most famous stories is the tale of Mahsuri, a woman accused of adultery and cursed to die, which is central to Langkawi's history. The Mahsuri Tomb and Museum is a popular site for those wanting to learn more about this tragic legend.

Additionally, the Langkawi Craft Complex and Atma Alam Batik Art Village showcase traditional Malaysian art and handicrafts, reflecting the region's rich cultural heritage.

Duty-Free Shopping
Langkawi is a duty-free island, meaning that products like chocolates, perfumes, cosmetics, and alcohol are often sold at significantly lower prices than on mainland Malaysia. This has made it a shopping haven for tourists looking to purchase luxury goods at a bargain.

Wildlife and Ecotourism
Langkawi is home to a diverse range of wildlife, including monkeys, eagles (Langkawi is named after the Brahminy Kite), and various species of tropical birds. The Langkawi Bird Paradise and Kilim River Mangrove Tour offer visitors the chance to explore the island’s rich biodiversity through guided tours.

Accessibility
Langkawi is accessible by air, with regular flights from Kuala Lumpur, Penang, and Singapore. The island also has ferry services from the mainland, providing an easy connection for those traveling by sea.

In summary, Langkawi is a tropical paradise offering a blend of natural beauty, adventure, culture, and relaxation. Whether you're exploring its beaches, indulging in duty-free shopping, or immersing yourself in local legends, Langkawi promises a memorable experience for every type of traveler.

by nur adawiyyah

1 ali

Mount Elbrus

The city is also home to the University of Pisa, which has a history going back to the 12th century, the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, founded by Napoleon in 1810, and its offshoot, the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies.^[4]

The new freedom did not last long; 15 years of battles and sieges by the Florentine troops led by Antonio da Filicaja, Averardo Salviati and Niccolò Capponi were made, but they failed to conquer the city. Vitellozzo Vitelli with his brother Paolowere the only ones who actually managed to break the strong defences of Pisa and make a breach in the Stampace bastion in the southern west part of the walls, but he did not enter the city. For that, they were suspected of treachery and Paolo was put to death. However, the resources of Pisa were getting low, and at the end, the city was sold to the Visconti family from Milan and eventually to Florence again. Livornotook over the role of the main port of Tuscany. Pisa acquired a mainly cultural role spurred by the presence of the University of Pisa, created in 1343, and later reinforced by the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (1810) and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies (1987).

In 1209 in Lerici, two councils for a final resolution of the rivalry with Genoa were held. A 20-year peace treaty was signed, but when in 1220, the emperor Frederick II confirmed his supremacy over the Tyrrhenian coast from Civitavecchia to Portovenere, the Genoese and Tuscan resentment against Pisa grew again. In the following years, Pisa clashed with Lucca in Garfagnana and was defeated by the Florentines at Castel del Bosco. The strong Ghibelline position of Pisa brought this town diametrically against the Pope, who was in a dispute with the Holy Roman Empire, and indeed the pope tried to deprive Pisa of its dominions in northern Sardinia.

Pisa was the birthplace of the important early physicist Galileo Galilei. It is still the seat of an archbishopric. Besides its educational institutions, it has become a light industrial centre and a railway hub. It suffered repeated destruction during World War II.

Since the early 1950s, the US Army has maintained Camp Darby just outside Pisa, which is used by many US military personnel as a base for vacations in the area.^[10

Lake Toba is large natural lake in North Sumatra, Indonesia, occupying the caldera of the Toba supervolcano. The lake is located in the middle of the northern part of the island of Sumatra, with a surface elevation of about 900 metres ( 2,953 ft ), the lake stretches from 2.88°N 98.52°E to 2.35°N 99.1°E. The lake is about 100 kilometers ( 62 miles) long, 30 kilometers ( 19 mi ) wide, and up to 505 metres ( 1,657 ft ) deep. It is the largest lake in Indonesia and the largest volcanic lake in the world. Toba Caldera is one of twenty geoparks in Indonesia, and was recognised in July 2020 as one of the UNESCO Global Geoparks