• Popularized the theory of heliocentrism which says that everything revolves around the sun, not Earth

• Developed a system for calculating and predicting planetary motions

Francis Bacon was born on January 22, 1561 in the United Kingdom

• Created the Scientific Method, also known as the Bacon Method

• Played an indirect role in the contribution to plate tectonic theory and solid Earth geophysics

Galileo Galilei was born on February 15, 1564 in Italy

• Discovered the laws of free fall

• Discovered the concept of inertia

Johannes Kepler was born on December 27, 1571 in Germany

• Discovered that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are closer to the Sun

• Discovered that planets move in elliptical paths around the Sun

William Harvey was born on April 1, 1578 in the United Kingdom

• The first person to correctly describe blood's circulation in the body

• Recognized that the blood flows rapidly around the human body

Rene Descartes was born on March 31, 1596 in France

• Invented analytical geometry

• Introduced skepticism as an essential part of the scientific method

Robert Boyle was born on January 25, 1627 in Ireland

• Invented the vacuum pump

• Discovered that air was necessary for burning

Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643 in the United Kingdom

• Invented the reflecting telescope

• Devised law of universal gravitation

Caroline Herschel was born on March 16, 1750 in Germany

• Built a 12-metre-long reflector, the largest telescope of its day

• In 1786 Caroline had become the first woman to discover a comet

Mary Sommerville was born on December 26, 1780 in the United Kingdom

• Part of the women members of the Royal Astronomical Society

• Her science books became international bestsellers

• Galileo Galilei, February 15, 1564, Pisa

  • He developed the concept of inertia.

  • Galileo discovered the 3 laws of free fall that state that in the absence of air resistance all bodies fall with the same acceleration independent of their mass.

• Johannes Kepler, December 27, 1571, Weil der Stadt, Wurttemberg

  • He used math to discover three laws of planetary motion

  • Discovered a more accurate account of how vision works through studying the behavior of light.

• William Harvey,  April 1, 1578, Kent, England

  • He was the first man to correctly describe Blood circulation in the body.

  • Discredited the theory that the liver was the source of blood movement around the body.

• Rene Descartes, March 31, 1596, Touraine, France

  • He invented analytical geometry.

  • Descartes and added the component of skepticism to the scientific method.

• Margaret Cavendish, 1623, Colchester, United Kingdom

  • She became the first woman to attend a meeting of the royal society which was gathering for scientists to cover key topics.

  • She was also the first to develop an original theory of atomism in Britain

• Robert Boyle, January 25, 1627, Ireland

  • He invented the Vacuum Pump.

  • Discovered the earliest form of Atomic Theory

• Isaac Newton, December 25, 1642, Lincolnshire, England

  • Formulated gravitational and motion laws.

  • Newton also invented Calculus in mathematics.

• Mary Somerville, December 26, 1780, Roxburghshire, Scotland

  • She was one of the first women accepted into the Royal Astronomical Society.

  • She contributed greatly to the circulation or Calculus mathematics

• Francis Bacon, Dec. 21, 1904, Essex, England

  • He established the Scientific Method

  • Created high efficiency pollution free technology for Apollo Spacecrafts.

- Feb 19, 1473

-Polish

-proposed the heliocentric system: the planets revolves around the sun, the earth does so annually

- Argued for the Earth's rotation on its axis

• Francis Bacon -

  -January 22, 1561,

  -London

  -Established scientific method, the method used most often when doing experiments

  -Pushed science in the political world

• Galileo Galilei

  -feb 15, 1564

  -Pisa, Italy

  -discovered the laws of free fall and projectile motion

  -rings of Saturn and mountains on the moon

• Johannes Kepler

  -Dec 27, 1571

  -German

  -3 laws of planetary motion: 1. the planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun as the center focus,2. planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are closer to the Sun 3. A planet's orbital period is the same as the size of its orbit

  - provided a new and correct account of how vision occurs

• William Harvey -

  -April 1, 1578

  -Kent, England

  -Blood flows to the heart

  -Blood flows one way in a circle

• Rene Descartes -

  -March 31, 1596,

  -Touraine, France

  -Analytic geometry: solving algebraic equations using geometry and geometric problems using algebra

  -deductive reasoning: 4 rules applicable to all math and science

• Robert Boyle -

  -Jan 25, 1627

  - Ireland, worked in Ireland and England

  -Boyle’s Law - inverse relationship between pressure and volume

  -Discovered that matter is made up of tiny particles that he called corpuscles (atoms)

  • Issac Newton

    -Jan 4, 1643

    -United kingdom england

    -Force is mass x Acceleration

    -An object cannot change its motion unless a force acts on it

  • Caroline Herschel -

    -March 16, 1750

    -Discovered a comet

    -Discovered three nebulae

  • Mary Somerville -

    -Dec 26, 1780

    -Helped discover Neptune

    -Started using differential calculus early on

    
    

Nicolaus Copernicus:

Torun Poland; 1473-1593;  HELIOCENTERIC UNIVERSE: Copernicus that sun was at rest in center of universe and everything else revolved around it, EARTH STUDIES: Copernicus said that the Earth turned on an axis once daily

• Galileo Galilei

Pisa, Italy; 1564-1642; TELESCOPIC OBSERVATIONS: Galilei was the first to telescopically report the moons of Jupiter, the mountains on the moon, and the rings of Saturn, INVENTIONS: Galilei was the first to create the early microscope and the predecessor of the thermometer

• Francis Bacon

York House, Strand; 1561-1626; PLATE TECTONIC THEORY: the first to start on the journey to discover the tectonic plates that make up the Earth, BEHAVIORAL ACCOUNT: made studies on how the behavioral account to each individual person is different

• Johannes Kepler:

Weil de Stadt Germany; 1571-1630; LAW ONE OF PLANETARY MOTION: planets move in ellipticary paths around the sun, LAW TWO OF PLANETARY MOTION: the imaginary line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps equal areas of space during equal time intervals as the planet orbits

• William Harvey

Folkestone, UK; 1578-1657; BLOOD CIRCULATION: first person to correctly describe the blood circulation in the body, UNDERSTANDING ARTERIES: Harvey was one of the first people to understand arteries, and how they pump blood through the human body

• Rene Descartes

Descartes, France; 1596-1650; ANALYTIC GEOMETRY: method of solving geometric problems algebraically and algebraic problems geometrically, DEDUCTIVE REASONING: found a way to solve problems using a math based deductive reasoning system

• Margaret Cavendish

Colchester, UK; 1623-1673; WROTE UNDER HER OWN NAME: unlike many female authors at the time, she wrote under her own name instead of a mans, WROTE ABOUT PHILOSOPHY AND GENDER: wrote about the issues on metaphysics and natural sciences

• Robert Boyle

Lismore, Ireland; 1627-1691; VOLUME OF GAS: Boyle discovered that the volume of gas decreases when pressure is applied, DISCOVERED OXYGEN: Boyle was the first person to discover the oxygen element

• Isaac Newton

London, UK; 1643-1727; LAWS OF MOTION: math formulas that explain how an object moves when a force acts upon them, UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION: a law that states every particle attracts every other particle in the universe

analytical geometry

• Created the heliocentric theory, which was the discovery that the sun was at the center of the universe instead of Earth.

• 
  

Francis Bacon, 1/22/1561, York House Strand

• Created the scientific method. The scientific method is the process of objectively establishing facts through testing and experimentation.

• Helped create the plate tectonic theory, which is a theory on how massive land forms form due to the moving of subterranean earth

  
  

Galileo Galilei, 2/15/1564, Pisa,Italy

• Galileo is most known for him creating an improved telescope which helped him be the first to report observations of mountains on the moon, the moons of Jupiter, the phases of Venus, and the rings of Saturn

• Made an early microscope which was made of a little telescope with two of the same lenses, a bi-convex objective and a bi-concave eye-piece

Johannes Kepler, 12/27/1571, Weil der Stadt,Germany

• Kepler made the three laws of planetary motion which was which was that the planets moved around the sun in epileptic paths

• Kepler also discovered that planets move proportionally faster the closer they are to the sun

William Harvey, 4/1/1578, Folkestone,UK

• Harvey isolated parts of the heart in order to discover that the valves in the heart only move in one direction

• Harvey also correctly described the bodies circulation which is that the veins and arteries form a complete circulation.

Rene Descartes, 3/31/1596, Descartes France

-Made the theory that the sun is at the center of the universe.

-Published “De revolutionibus orbium coelestium”

-Francis Bacon, January 22, 1561, London England

-Francis Bacon created the Scientific Method, also known as the Bacon Method.

-played an indirect role in the contribution to plate tectonic theory and solid Earth geophysics

-Galileo Galilei, February 15, 1564, Pisa Italy

-discovered the laws of free fall, projectile motion, and the concept of inertia

-identified mountains on the moon, the moons of Jupiter, and the rings of Saturn.

-Johannes Kepler December 27, 1571, Weil der Stadt, Germany

-discovered that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are closer to the Sun

-invented the first powerful telescope

-William Harvey, April 1st, 1578, Folkstone, Kent, England

-the first person to correctly describe blood circulation in the body

-Wrote a book called Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus contains a mature account of the circulation of the blood.

-Rene Descartes, March 30th, 1596, Descartes France

-invented analytic geometry

-devised a universal method of deductive reasoning, based on mathematics

-Margaret Cavendish, 1623, Colchester, UK

-publishing extensively under her own name on subjects such as natural philosophy and gender.

-became the first woman to attend a meeting of the Royal Society

-Robert Boyle, January 5th, 1627, Lismore, Ireland

-Invented the vacuum pump, discovered that air was necessary for burning, and founded the Royal Society.

-he believed that all matter was made of tiny corpuscles, which we now call atoms. This was an early form of atomic theory.

-Isacc Newton, January 4th, 1643, Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, a hamlet in the county of Lincolnshire.

-invented calculus and provided a clear understanding of optics

-developed a universal law of gravitation and his laws of motion

-Emilie du Châtelet, December 17th 1706, Paris, France

-translated Isaac Newton's Principia into French

-fought for her right as a woman to discuss with men about ideas of math and science.

• Created the heliocentric theory, where the sun is at the center of the solar system, not the Earth.

• Proposed a new calendar called the "Copernicus Calendar" where there were 365.25 days in a year, very close to the Gregorian Calendar we use today.

Francis Bacon was born on January 22, 1561, in York House, Strand.

• He created the Scientific Method, a specific, scientific procedure used to establish facts through testing and experiments.

• He created a book called the "Instauratio Magna" where he proposed dividing science into three categories: history, poetry, and philosophy.

Galileo Galilei was born on February 15, 1564, in Pisa, Italy.

• Created the law of free fall where if air resistance was absent, everything falls with the same acceleration, regardless of mass.

• Created the concept of inertia, the tendency of objects in motion to stay in motion, and objects at rest to stay at rest.

Johannes Kepler was born on December 27, 1571 in Weil der Stadt, Germany.

• He used simple mathematics to create the three laws of planetary motion.

• Invented the Keplarian telescope, a telescope that allowed viewers to see a much larger field of view.

William Harvey was born on April 1, 1578, in Folkestone, United Kingdom.

• The first person to accurately describe blood flow in the body.

• Discovered the presence of valves in the human body.

Rene Descartes was born on March 31, 1596, in Descartes, France.

• Created analytical geometry, the study of geometry using the coordinate system.

• Created deductive reasoning: A logical approach where you progress from general ideas to specific conclusions.

Robert Boyle was born on January 25, 1627, in Lismore, Ireland.

• Created the famous Boyle's Law which states that the volume of gas decreases with increasing pressure and vice versa.

• Created the corpuscular structure, where depending on how individual particles arrange themselves, the substance containing those particles has different qualities.

Caroline Herschel was born on March 16, 1750, in Hanover, Germany.

• She built a 12-meter-long reflector, the largest telescope of its day.

• The first woman to discover a comet.

Sophie Germain was born on April 1, 1776, in Rue Saint-Denis, Paris, France.

• The first mathematician to create a cohesive plan proving Fermat's last theorem.

• Pioneered the elasticity theory, a mathematical model of how solid objects deform.

• Francis Bacon, January 22, 1561, York House, Strand

  • promoted and advanced the scientific method 

  • Was a politician  

• Galileo Galilei, February 15, 1564, Pisa, Italy

  • He discovered the law of free fall…an object is moving only because of gravity

  • He discovered the concept of inertia….tendency of objects in motion to stay in motion

• Johannes Kepler, December 27, 1571, Weil der Stadt, Germany

  • Used math to form three laws in planetary motion. The first law was that planets move in circle paths around the sun

  • The second law was that planets move faster in their orbits when they are closer to the sun compared to further

  
  

• William Harvey, April 1, 1578, England

  • Blood flows to the heart

  • Blood flows in one direction through veins

  
  

• Rene Descartes, March 31, 1596, Descartes, France

  • invented analytic geometry

  • Introduced the concept of dualism… reality and existence have two parts and aren´t one.

• Margaret Cavendish, 1623, Colchester, United Kingdom

  • Philosopher…her writings had a lot to do with natural philosophy

  • Promoted and popularized important ideas of the scientific revolution; natural philosophies being one 

    
    

• Robert Boyle, 1627, England

  • The volume of gas decreases with increasing pressure

  • The volume of gas increases with decreasing pressure

• Isaac Newton, January 4, 1643, United Kingdom

  • Invented reflecting telescope

  • Discovered calculus

    
    

•    Caroline Herschel, March 16, 1750, Hanover, Germany

  • built a 12-meter-long reflector, the largest telescope of its time

  • Was the first woman to discover a comet and found seven more in the years to come
    

• Put forth the theory that the sun is at rest near the center of the universe

• The Earth spins on its axis once a day and revolves around the sun once a year

Francis Bacon, born in 1561 in England

• Created the scientific method, a method of procedure that has characterized natural science, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, experiment, formulation, testing, modification, hypothesis

• Served as attorney general and Lord Chancellor of England

Galileo Galilei, born in 1564 in Italy

• Discovered the laws of free fall, projectile motion, and the concept of inertia

• Invented an improved telescope that allowed him to observe and describe the moons of Jupiter, the rings of Saturn, and the phases of Venus

Johannes Kepler, born in 1571 in Germany

• Formed three laws of planetary motion: (1) planets move in elliptical orbits around the sun, (2) a planet covers the same amount of space in the same amount of time no matter where it is in its orbit, (3) a planet’s orbital period is proportional to the size of its orbit

• Provided a new account of how vision occurs

William Harvey, born in 1578 in England

• First person to correctly describe blood’s circulation in the body

• Used a combination of experimentation, comparative anatomy, and calculation to arrive to his conclusions

Rene Descartes, born in 1596 in France

• Invented analytical geometry, a branch of algebra

• Introduced skepticism as an essential part of the scientific method

Margaret Cavendish, born in 1623 in the United Kingdom

• One of the most prolific female authors

• An important natural philosopher of the 17th century

Robert Boyle, born in 1627 in Ireland

• Invented the vacuum pump, which allowed for the investigation of respiration, disease, combustion, sound, and air pressure

• Discovered that air was necessary for burning

Isaac Newton, born in 1643 in England

• Invented the reflecting telescope, using mirrors to see far-away objects in space clearly

• Discovered calculus and used it to explain how planets moved

Emilie du Châtelet, born in 1706 in France

• Translated Isaac Newton’s Principia Mathematica

• Commented on Isaac Newton’s Principia Mathematica

• Poland

• The heliocentric system…The idea that everything revolves around the sun instead of the earth.

• Published the book “De revolutionibus orbium coelestium” on his heliocentric theory

• Francis Bacon - January 22, 1561

• Strand

• Created the scientific method….an empirical method for acquiring knowledge

• He served as chancellor of England.

• Galileo Galilei- February 15, 1564

• Italy

• Discovered that there were craters and mountains on the moon

• Discovered the phases of Venus

• Johannes Kepler- December 27, 1571

• Formulated 3 laws of planetary motion

• He discovered that planets move faster when they are closer to the sun

• William Harvey - April 1, 1573

• United Kingdom

• The first person to correctly describe blood circulation in the human body

• He identified the difference of arteries and veins

• Rene Descartes - March 31, 1596

• France

• Invented analytical geometry

• Introduced skepticism as an essential part of the scientific method

• Robert Boyle - January 25, 1627

• Ireland

• Discovered that the volume of gas increases with the pressure

• He improved Guericke’s air pump

• Isaac Newton - January 4, 1643

• United Kingdom

• Discovered calculus

• Devised law of universal gravitation

• Sophie Germain - April 1, 1776

• France

• Pioneer of the elasticity theory

• The discovery of Sophie Germain’s primes…a prime number is a Sophie Germain prime if  2p +1 is also prime.

• Mary Somerville - December 26, 1780

• United Kingdom

• She was one of the first female members of the Royal Astronomical Society.

• She translated the "Mécanique Céleste" of Laplace.

• Francis Bacon, 01/22/1561, Strand

  • Created the scientific method (bacon method), 1.) scientist must start with a set of unprejudiced observations 2.) observations lead to correct generalizations or axioms 3.) test of a correct axiom is that it leads to new discoveries

  • Published the book “Of Proficience and Advancement of Learning Divine and Human” in 1605, considered to be the stepping stone in partitions of the sciences

• Galileo Galilei, 02/15/1564, Italy

  • Discovered mountains on the moon, Jupiter’s moons, phases of Venus, and Saturn’s rings from telescopic observations

  • Calculated the law of free fall, when air resistance is absent, all bodies fall with the same acceleration, independent from their mass. The distance traveled by a falling object is proportional to the square of how long it took to fall.

• Johannes Kepler, 12/27/1571, Germany

  • Formulated 3 laws of planetary motion. 1.) planets move in oval-like paths around the sun 2.) planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when closer to the sun. 3.) relationship between distance of planet from sun and the time it took to orbit the sun

  • Discovered new, correct explanation of how vision occurs. Path of light in the eye lead to law stating that the intensity of light decreases with the square of distance

• William Harvey, 04/01/1578, UK

  • Discovered how blood circulates in the body. Arteries and veins form a complete circuit starting at the heart and leading back into the heart.

  • Studied reproduction in animals, the role of sperm and menstrual blood in formation of embryos. Oviparous reproduction = embryonic development occurs within eggs hatched outside the mother’s body, viviparous reproduction = embryonic development occurs within the mother’s body

• Rene Descartes, 03/31/1596, France

  • Wrote “Discourse on the Method”, the first of a series which became the foundation of Cartesianism, a way of thinking that accepts dualisms; mind/body, good/evil.

  • Combined algebra and geometry, making analytical geometry, and championed its basics. 

• Robert Boyle, 01/25/1627, Ireland

  • Considered first modern chemist 

  • Boyle’s Law - volume of gas is inversely proportional to pressure exerted by the gas, when at a fixed temperature

  • Air pump experiment - designed by robert boyle, it created and sustained a vacuum used to perform experiments related to respiration, disease, combustion, sound, and air pressure.

• Isaac Newton, 01/04/1643, UK

  • Invented the reflecting telescope which used mirrors instead of lenses, solving the main issues of the refracting telescope.

  • Proposed new theory of light and color, sunlight is comprised of all the colors in the rainbow which can be separated and recombined into white light

• Caroline Herschel, 03/16/1750, Germany

  • First woman to discover a comet( now Comet C/1786 P1 ), discovered 8 comets by 1797

  • Detected 3 new nebulae (gas clouds) in 1783 by telescope

  • First paid female astronomer

  • Discovered Uranus alongside her brother WIlliam.

• Sophie Germain, 04/01/1776, France

  • Sophie Germain Prime - an odd number p that is itself prime, making 2p+1 also prime.

  • Proved Fermat’s Last Theorem - for p=3, auxiliary primes 7 and 13 were the only ones that worked

  • She formed the Theory of Elastic Surfaces when publishing an essay

  • Ecole Polytechnique, a prestigious institution, opened up and Sophie used the name of a former student to hide her identity as a woman and eventually had Joseph Louis Legrange, discoverer of Legrange Points, as a mentor

• He discovered a Heliocentric system, that all planets rotated around the sun, not the earth. 

• He discovered that the earth also spins while rotating around the sun. 

• Francis Bacon, 1561, England, 2.

• He created the famous scientific method, where you ask a question, start researching, make a guess on what will happen, test with an experiment, document your results, and report the data.

• He made a theory that the western hemisphere once joined up with eurasia, predating the discovery of the moving tectonic plates. 

• Galileo Galilei, 1564, Italy 3.

• He created an improved telescope, allowing him to see the planets in better detail.

• He discovered that the speed of a falling object is not proportional to weight. 

• Johannes Kepler, 1571, Germany, 4.

• He discovered that planets move in an oval path around the sun.

• He discovered that the time it takes a planet to orbit the sun is proportional to how far it is from the sun.  

• William Harvey, 1573, England 5.

• He discovered that the heart was the blood pumper of the body, not the liver. 

• He discovered that blood can only flow in a single direction and forms a circuit. 

• Rene Descartes, 1596, France, 6.

• He discovered how to plot points on a two dimensional coordinate plane.

• He created mathematical variables.

• Robert Boyle, 1627, Ireland, 7.

• He created an early form on atomic theory, theorizing that the field is made up of tiny organisms. 

• He discovered that for fire to exist, air needed to exist. 

• Isaac Newton, 1643, England, 8.

• Issac Newton created the laws of Gravity and Motion, which explains how an object is going to react when something interacts with it. 

• He proposed that Light comes in seven colors, red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, and purple

• Maria Sybilla Merian, 1647, Germany, 9.

• She documented the life cycles of several insect species

• She discovered several new types of plants, insects, and animals in south america herself

• Emilie du Châtelet, 1706, France, 10.

• She advanced Issac Newton's fundamental laws of gravity and motion with new principles

• She proposed that different colors of light had different heating powers

• Nicolaus Copernicus - 02/19/1473, Poland

  • proposed the heliocentric- theory that the sun is in the center of the universe

  • proposed that the earth rotated on its axis: helping further knowledge of astronomy

• Francis Bacon - 01/22/1561, London

  • Established scientific method, the method used most often when doing experiments

  • Pushed science in the political world

• Galileo Galilei - 02/15/1564, Italy

  • discovered the laws of free fall- without air pushing back, bodies all fall with the same acceleration rate (independent of their mass)

  • discovered projectile motion- when an object is thrown or projected into the air, subject to only the acceleration of gravity

• Johannes Kepler - 12/27/1571, Germany

  • 3 laws of planetary motion- used simple math to formulate these

    • 1. planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun as a focus
      2. a planet covers the same area of space in the same amount of time no matter where in its orbit
      3. a planet's orbital period is proportional to the size of its orbit

  • provided a new and correct account of how vision occurs- he analyzed the path of light through the eye

• William Harvey - 04/01/1578, England

  • discovered blood flows to the heart

  • also discovered blood flows one way in a circle

• Rene Descartes - 03/31/1596, France

  • created and spread analytic geometry: solving algebraic equations using geometry and geometric problems using algebra

  • deductive reasoning: 4 rules applicable to all math and science

• Robert Boyle - 01/25/1627, Ireland

  • created boyle’s law - inverse relationship between pressure and volume

  • discovered that matter is made up of tiny particles that he called corpuscles (or atoms)

• Isaac Newton - 01/04/1643, England

  • declared that an object will not change its motion unless a force acts on it

  • believed force = mass times acceleration

• Caroline Herschel - 03/16/1750, Germany

  • discovered a comet

  • discovered three nebulae

• Sophie Germain - 04/01/1776, France

  • elasticity work: won an award from the paris academy of sciences

  • publisher of 2 philosophical papers: on mathematical theory of elastic surfaces

Johannes Kepler- was born on Dec 27, 1571 in Germany 

•  laws of planetary motion- used simple math to formulate these

  • 1. planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun as a focus
    2. a planet covers the same area of space in the same amount of time no matter where in its orbit
    3. a planet's orbital period is proportional to the size of its orbit

• provided a new and correct account of how vision occurs- he analyzed the path of light through the eye

  
  

• William Harvey- was born on April 1, 1578, in Folkestone, United Kingdom

  • Discovered the understanding of blood and the circulation in the body.

  •  He was the first person to correctly identify blood circulation through the body and showed that arteries and veins form a complete circuit that leads back to the heart

  • The bodies valves

  
  

• Rene Descartes- was born on March 31st, 1596 in Touraine, France.

  • Created and spread analytic geometry: solving algebraic equations using geometry and geometric problems using algebra

  • Deductive reasoning: 4 rules applicable to all math and science

  
  

• Robert Boyle- was born on January 25, 1627 in Ireland

  • Boyles Law- Inverse relationship between pressure and volume

  • Contributed to the development of the Atomic Theory by discovering corpuscles- now known today as atoms.

  
  

• Isaac Newton-  was born on Jan 4, 1643, in Woolsthorpe, England

  • 3 laws of motion

    • The object will not change its motion unless a force acts on it

    • The force of an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration

    • When two objects interact, they apply forces to each other of equal magnitude and opposite direction

  • Invented calculus and a better understanding of optics

  
  

• Caroline Herschel- was born on March 16, 1750 in Germany

  • Discovered a comet

  • Discovered three nebulae

  
  

• Sophia Germain- was born on April 1, 1776 in Paris, France

  • Publisher of 2 philosophical papers: on the mathematical theory of elastic surfaces

  • Proven number theory- a theory that helped prove Fermat's last theorem for the case where n equals 5.

put forth the theory that the Sun is at rest near the center of the Universe

that the Earth, spinning on its axis once daily, revolves annually around the Sun.

• Johannes Kepler- 1571 Holy Roman Empire

stated that planets move in elliptical paths around the Sun.

discovered that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are closer to the Sun

• Galileo Galilei- 1564  Italy

invented an improved telescope

described the moons of Jupiter, the rings of Saturn, the phases of Venus, sunspots and the rugged lunar surface.

• Isaac Newton- 1642 England

invented calculus and provided a clear understanding of optics.

described how objects move at the same velocity unless an outside force acts upon them.

• William Harvey- 1578 England

first person to correctly describe blood’s circulation in the body.

showed that arteries and veins form a complete circuit that starts at the heart and leads back to the heart.

• Robert Boyle- 1627 Ireland

invented the vacuum pump

discovered that air was necessary for burning

• Francis Bacon- 1561 England

created the Scientific Method

played an indirect role in the contribution to plate tectonic theory and solid Earth geophysics

• Rene Descartes- 1596 France

developed rules for deductive reasoning

developed a system for using letters as mathematical variables

• Margaret Cavendish- 1623 England

writing at a time of immense political upheaval

Publishing extensively under her own name on subjects such as natural philosophy and gender

• Mary Somerville- 1780 Italy

First women members of the Royal Astronomical Society

a Scottish science writer and polymath, at a time when women's participation in science was discouraged.

• Francis Bacon, 01/22/1561, United Kingdom

  • Created the scientific method

  • Contributed to the developed of plate tectonic theory

• Galileo Galilei, 02/15/1564, Italy

  • Proved Aristotle’s established ideas wrong - the speed at which heavy objects fall is not proportional to their weight

  • Discovered that the surface of the moon was uneven and rough, not smooth

• Johannes Kepler, 12/27/1571, Germany

  • Three laws of planetary motion - first law: planets move in elliptical orbits around the sun; second law: planets cover the same area of space, no matter where; third law: a planet’s orbit is proportional to orbit size

  • Invented Keplerian telescope - a telescope that used a convex lens which allowed for a larger field of view which gave better eye relief

• William Harvey, 04/01/1578, United Kingdom

  • Discovered that blood circulated around the human body

  • Discovered that valves in the body flow in one way

• Rene Descartes 03/31/1596, France

  • Invented analytic geometry - mathematical subject in which algebraic symbolism and methods are used to represent and solve problems in geometry

  • Played a significant role in the advancement of contemporary physics

• Robert Boyle, 01/25/1627, Ireland

  • Boyle’s law - when gas is kept at constant pressure, its volume will decrease when pressure will increase or vice versa

  • Wrote Disquisition about the Final Causes of Natural Things - natural philosophy is enough to know the existence of God

• Isaac Newton, 01/04/1643, United Kingdom

  • Three laws of motion - 1. A body stays in a state of uniform motion unless compelled to change by another force 2. Change in motion is proportional to the force impressed on it 3. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

  • Developed calculus - advanced math dealing with mainly determining the space within curved lines/surfaces

• Sophie Germain, 04/01/1776, France

  • Pioneer of the elasticity theory - a solid body is considered to be in static equilibrium under the quasi-static (or gradual) action of an external force

  • Helped prove Fermat's Last Theorem - no 3 positive integers a, b, and c satisfy the equation an + bn = cn for any integer value of n greater than 2

• Mary Somerville, 12/26/1780, United Kingdom

  • published five solutions in Volumes 3 and 4 of the Mathematical Repository

  • One of the first women members of the Royal Astronomical Society - learned society and charity that encourages and promotes the study of astronomy, solar-system science, geophysics and closely related branches of science

.Theory that the sun rests at the center of the universe

.Earth spins on its axis once a day and revolves around the sun in a year

.Francis Bacon, January 22 1561, York House strand

.Attorney General of England

.Theory that science was discovered through discovering nature

.Gailileo Galilei, Febuary 15 1564, Pisa Italy

.Invented a better telescope

.Discovered some scientific laws

.Johannes Kepler, December 27 1571, Germany

.Laws of planetary motion

.New vision theory

.William Harvey, April 1 1578, England

.Accurate description of blood circulation

.Anatomy discoveries

.Rene Descartes, March 31 1596, Sweden

.Invented a branch of algebra

.Skepticism as part of the scientific method

.Margaret Cavendish,1623,Untied Kingdom

.Noteable female author

.Natural philosepher

.Robert Boyle,January 25 1627,United Kingdom

.Invented vacuum pump

.Discovered that air was needed for burning

.Isaac Newton, January 4 1643, England

.Developed first three laws of motion

.Invented calculus

Caroline Herschel,March 16 1750,Germany

.First woman to discover a comet

.Made biggest telescope of her time