Negative Portrayals: The War on Drugs continued to influence media, with marijuana often depicted negatively. News stories frequently highlighted drug busts and the dangers of marijuana use. The media's portrayal of marijuana from 1900 to 2000 was heavily influenced by the need to attract audiences and generate profit, often at the expense of balanced and accurate reporting also portray, the "money machine theory" suggests that media outlets prioritize profit over political indoctrination, often resorting to sensationalism to attract viewers and increase revenue.

Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act (1994): This act included provisions to increase penalties for drug-related offenses and provided funding for drug courts .Medical Marijuana Movement: This movement gained momentum in the early 1990s, particularly in California. Proposition 215, passed in 1996, was a landmark initiative that legalized medical marijuana in the state. This movement was driven by activists, patients, and organizations advocating for the medicinal benefits of cannabis 

In 1996: California legalized medical marijuana, which spurred further innovations in cultivation and distribution .

State Level 

California Proposition 215 (1996): Also known as the Compassionate Use Act, this was the first state law to legalize medical marijuana, allowing patients and caregivers to possess and cultivate marijuana for medical use with a doctor's recommendation .

1993 marijuana

In 1993, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) continued its efforts to combat marijuana cultivation and distribution through the Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program (DCE/SP). This program focused on eradicating both cultivated cannabis plants and wild-growing ditchweed. The DEA and cooperating agencies used advanced technologies, such as thermal imagery, to identify and dismantle indoor cultivation operations

Legal Challenges: Despite state-level progress, marijuana remained illegal under federal law. This created a complex legal landscape where state and federal laws were often in conflict, leading to legal challenges and debates over states' rights versus federal authority.

In 1998 The Tobacco master settlement agreement is made which means that tobacco companies and states settled claims against the companies and this means that they are required to change marketing practices and pay billions to the state.

In 1998 something called the Surgeons General report comes out and this report examines the use of tobacco among US minority groups and concludes that cigarette smoking is one of the major health hazards within different racial and ethic groups. Like for example the cultural stereotyping In smoking Ads this means that some tobacco companies used advertising to link smoking with certain ethnic identities that exploited sterotypes and this ads suggested that was part of their identity.

Also on 1998, In the US 46 states welcome a 206 billion settlement with the tobacco industry which is used for healthcare costs for treating sick smokers.

In 2000, is when the Surgeon General Report reducing the tobacco use is published. Also, Phillip Morris introduces a cigarette with a safer paper. Like the banded paper this is use on cigarettes to make them more likely to self-extinguish, it slows down the speed in which it burns.This reduces the number of fires started by cigarettes. Therefore New York puts in place fire-safety standards on cigarettes.

During the 20th century smoking was seem as an aura of glamour,sophiscation,sexiness, rebellious, and normal. This is how the media portrays it and influences young people to use it.

Since the early 1900s, barbiturates have been innovated in different ways like synthesis, novel fragmentation mechanism, barbital, and the development of pentobarbital and phenobarbital. 

In the 1990s one of the most important political movement was the raising of the minimum legal drinking age in the US which was set to 21 years old. This law was passed in 1984 but it wasn't fully implemented cross the US until 1990. This was a very effective legislation because it reduced alcohol related deaths on young people.

Also between the 1900-2000 there wasn't a lot of alcohol reform movements but all of US federal and state drug/alcohol policies were influenced by the war of drugs.

In the 1990s there was an increased interest in high proof liquors that contain ABV as high as 95%. Which means that it was easier to consume a smaller quantity but even though it was a small consumption it still increased the intoxication/addiction. Also during thime flavored alcohol was made like Smirnoffs and mikes to name a few. These types of drinks were very accessible and increase patterns of binge drinking.

Also in the 1990s , Who started to pay more attention to alcohol and saw it as a major public health issue because of what alcohol caused which was injuries, liver cirrhosis and alcohol dependence. Then during this time there was a high demand of alcohol free and low alcohol beverages and they were made.

The media representation of alcohol was that it can induce pleasure, euphoria, intoxication, a state of feeling relaxed, pain relief, drowsiness and sleep. Alcohol is also very much shown on music videos, movies and advertisements. There is an analysis of television that shows that from the 1998-1999 about 71% of all programming showed alcohol use and 77% had a reference of alcohol.

Also in 1992 nicotine patches were introduced and then that's when more cessation products will start to develop swell.

In 1993 from the production of the Synar amendment all states have raised their minimum age to 18 or 19 to be able to buy tobacco. Also in 1993 Vermont bans smoking in all indoor places. therefore they were one of the first States to pass a Clean Indoor air Act which banned tobacco products in almost all common areas indoor.

In 1994 Brown and Williamson documents released evidence that confirmed that tobacco executives had discovered smoking risks before the Surgeon General. made any declarations about this topic. This means that the people who were manufacturing tobacco knew about the health issues and addiction it had. Therefore,also in 1994 major U.S cigarette companies released a list of about 599 addictives used in the process of manufacturing cigarettes. As a result, Cigarette smoking is responsible for 90% of lung cancers and 1/3 of all cancer deaths and 805 of chronic obstructive lung diseases and 20% of deaths of heart problems.

Cocaine was widely used in medical applications and many daily-use products, like everyone knows its early use was in the popular product Coca-Cola. However, as the addictive properties of the drug became apparent, regulations began to be put in place. Subsequently, there were contradictions in people's opinions leading to few conflicts between state and federal laws as the harmful effects of these substances were not fully understood.

Smoking crack provides a quick, intense high, which is more addictive than other forms of cocaine use, leading to higher rates of dependency.

Crack cocaine, a form of cocaine that can be smoked, gained popularity in the 1990s. It was cheaper and more accessible than powdered cocaine, leading to widespread use, particularly in urban areas. The history of crack cocaine is a complex tale of socio-economic, criminal justice, and public health dynamics in the United States, serving as a significant chapter in the broader narrative around drug policy and social equity. The crack cocaine epidemic devastated many inner-city communities, contributing to increases in crime, unemployment, and family disintegration.