The Experiences Of a Convict by Nathan Faure

nafaure — 2024-02-07 22:24:37 UTC

Assigned Convicts - Convicts that have been assigned a specific role in the settlement.

nafaure — 2024-02-07 22:35:54 UTC

Southern Midlands Council. (n.d.). The chain gang, North of York Plains turnoff. [online] Available at: https://www.southernmidlands.tas.gov.au/shadows-chaingang/.

‌

nafaure — 2024-02-07 22:36:26 UTC

www.britannica.com. (n.d.). Chain gang Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary. [online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/chain-gang [Accessed 20 Feb. 2024].

‌

nafaure — 2024-02-07 22:37:36 UTC

Chain gangs - A form of punishment in which prisoners were chained together and forced to do backbreaking labour. They were first introduced in around 1826. They worse the crime, the shorter they would make the chains, makeing they work that much more painful and difficult.

nafaure — 2024-02-07 22:47:38 UTC

National Museum of Australia (2022). National Museum of Australia - Convict transportation peaks. [online] www.nma.gov.au. Available at: https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/convict-transportation-peaks.

Overview

nafaure — 2024-02-16 03:01:36 UTC

From 1788 to 1868, the British exiled around 162,000 to the island of Australia. They were sentenced to a life of stariting a colony. They lived in harsh, dangerous conditions, without any sort of civilization infustructure to start bu tovertime they developed a working society.

Living Conditions of Convicts

nafaure — 2024-02-16 03:16:03 UTC

Most convicts only commited petty crimes such as stealing food but were punished harshly. Before Australia was made an option, they were thrown into prison hulks, in which they were chained up all day locked up in dark, dank rusty cells.

nafaure — 2024-02-16 03:22:36 UTC

Prison Hulks - Old, decommissioned ships that the British used to house criminals when they ran out of prison space. They were rusty, dark and dangerous. Prisoners were treated horribly causing many to die.

nafaure — 2024-02-19 00:31:41 UTC

Secondary Penal Settlements - Places that crimanals of serious offences were sent to be away from the general population such as Australia or Norfolk Island. THey were often treated badly there and forced to do labour

nafaure — 2024-02-19 05:45:05 UTC

‌Museums of History NSW. (n.d.). Convict Tickets of Leave. [online] Available at: https://mhnsw.au/guides/convict-tickets-leave/.

nafaure — 2024-02-19 05:47:07 UTC

Ticket of leave - A document that was given as a reward for good behaviour. It allowed the convict that received it to work for themselves. This meant they could own the things they produce and get paid for labour.

nafaure — 2024-02-19 05:52:26 UTC

Conditional pardon - A pardon is when the charges a convict is charged with are dropped. A conditional pardon let the convict free from captivity but they were required to stay within the colony.

nafaure — 2024-02-19 05:53:38 UTC

Full pardon / absolute pardon - When a convict's charges are fully dropped and are no longer required to stay within the colony or do forced labour.

nafaure — 2024-02-19 05:54:01 UTC

Museums of History NSW. (n.d.). Convict Pardons: Conditional and Absolute. [online] Available at: https://mhnsw.au/guides/convict-pardons-conditional-and-absolute/.

nafaure — 2024-02-19 06:19:48 UTC

Museums of History NSW. (2023). Why were convicts transported to Australia? | MHNSW. [online] Available at: https://mhnsw.au/stories/general/why-were-convicts-transported-australia/.

The Journey

nafaure — 2024-02-19 06:21:16 UTC

In May, 1787, around 1400 people, across eleven ships, departed from England. Out of that 1400 people, 750 of them were convicts. The journey lasted 8 months and they had to stop 3 times for supplies. In each boat, the total area size that people could stand on was roughly 300 - 350 square meters, this means that on the boats, each person got around 2 - 3 square meters of space. This is very small and it was probably less if you take into account the cargo space and the fact that most people were kept under the deck. This meant that the trip was very crowded and uncomfortable and it lasted about 8 months. Partially because of these bad conditions, but also because of diseases such as scurvy (A disease often got on ships that is caused by not eating enough fruit of vegetables containing vitamin c) 48 people died, 43 of which were convicts. This means that the convicts had a mortality rate of approximately 17.5%, which is very high.

nafaure — 2024-02-20 03:00:48 UTC

convictrecords.com.au. (n.d.). Convict Records: John Allen. [online] Available at: https://convictrecords.com.au/convicts/allen/john/133421.

John Allen

nafaure — 2024-02-20 03:20:37 UTC

On the 3rd of March, in 1786, John Allen went to trial for stealling bed linen which was worth around $2600 in todays money. He was found guilty and the judge scenetenced him to 7 years of transportation (being banished to somewhere else). He was originally a labourer at a corn mill, which was not enough to support him and his family. He was 45 years old when he boarded the Alexander and went on his journey to New South Wales, Australia.

Arrival and the Australia Experience

nafaure — 2024-02-21 03:15:07 UTC

Orriginally when they arrived in Australia, they went to settle in a place called Botany Bay in NSW. They stayed there for around a week but the leader of the colony, Captain Arthur Phillip, decided that the bay was not the best place for the colony to settle. They departed and instead landed on Sydney Cove, which is now called Circular Quay. There they set up the colony and the convicts got working. Phillip asigned jobs based on the skills of each convict and made them build essential infustructure such as roads and bulidings. He also sent some of them to mork for other private settlers in the area. Phillip, as the govenor, claimed that this hard work and labour was the best way to set these criminals straight. Eventually after living out their scentence or by having good behaiviour, they convicts were given tickets of leave, conditional pardons and absolute pardons, allowing them to establish control over their own life in the colony. By 1835, only around 6 percent of convicts were still confined to the rules of the administrators. Bad behaviour, howerver led to harsh punishments such as wipping, being assigned to a chain gang or solitary confinement. Also, any convicts who repeatedly brake rules and disobey, or commit some serious crimes, are sent to places called hard labour prisons where they did excrusiating work somewhere like Norfolk Island.