| Source: |  Michalska, A., (2014) ‘European students’ voices on plagiarism and academic practices.’ Available at:
  http://marketing-porg-statamic-assets-us-west-2.s3.amazonaws.com/main/Michalska_paper.pdf
| Brief Summary: | This article discusses the issue of plagiarism in Higher Education seen from the perspective of students from diverse European countries. Using qualitative methods of data collection, such as focus groups and interviews.  In the focus groups, most of the students talked freely about their experiences and attitudes towards dishonest academic behaviour, sharing their opinions with the researcher. In summary, most students understood the concept of plagiarism and were fully aware of its meaning. As a result, Students from different cultural backgrounds have different value systems, teaching and learning methods also vary. All these factors influence their decision to commit plagiarism, as they are not aware of other perspectives and only rely on their own.
 | Evaluation: |  As the authors point out the effectiveness of the qualitative analysis developed, this article shows that there are different issues that affected the behaviour of students in academic environment. Then if they chose plagiarise will be for the limited information and knowledge about the topic, then a possible solution to the problem will be encourage the discussion of plagiarism and how students can avoid it.  

Source:
 Walker, M. and Townley, C., (2012) ‘Contract cheating: a new challenge for academic honesty?’ Journal of Academic Ethics, 10(1), pp.27-44.

Brief Summary:
 This article reviews the concept of “contract cheating” and how it constitutes academic dishonesty. The authors argue that this form of plagiarism is more fraudulent than others and more difficult to detect. The authors also state that the problem of contract cheating is related to systemic problems within modern higher education. The article discusses the problems that derive from contract cheating, its causes and possible solutions, though it is acknowledged that some of these may be problematic. Finally, it is suggests that any response to the issue should be mainly focussed on the support of hones students and good academic practices.     

Source:
Lancaster, T., (2019) ‘Profiling the international academic ghost writers who are providing low-cost essays and assignments for the contract cheating industry’. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 17(1), pp. 72-86.

Brief Summary: This article focuses on showing how ghostwriters do this business. For this study we review the platform called fiver.com, where ghostwriters offer their services. We analyse the information in their advertisements, the different prices they charge for writing an essay and even what their customers think.  It also analyses the countries from which these scam providers originate or operate.  In conclusion, this article shows you how this type of industry operates and how much information is known about ghostwriters. 

 

Evaluation: This article is a study that has limited itself to researching the providers of contract cheating and the resources they use to engage in this activity.