Intelligence: ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
Intelligence test: assesses people's mental abilities and compares them with others, using numerical scores
David Myers
-Intelligence has been operationally defined as whatever intelligence tests measures
- People assign intelligence to the qualities that enable success in their own time in their own culture.
-intelligence may be understanding the medicinal qualities of local plants.
Is intelligence one general ability or several specific abilities?

 -believed we have one general intelligence

-factor analysis: a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items
-those who score high in one area such as verbal intelligence, usually score higher than average in other areas

 identified seven clusters of primary mental abilities (word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory)
-those who excelled in one of the seven clusters generally scored well on the others

-argues that general intelligence evolved as a form of intelligence that helps people solve novel problems
-general intelligence scored do correlate with the ability to solve various novel problems, but do not much correlate with individuals skills in evolutionary familiar situations
Theories of multiple intelligences

-views intelligence as multiple abilities that come in different packages
-Savant syndrome: people who often score low on intelligence tests but have an island of brilliance (some have no language ability, yet are able to compute numbers as quickly and accurately as an electronic calculator
- we do not have an intelligence, but rather multiple intelligences
-the recipe for success is grit: those who become highly successful tend also to be conscientious, well connected, and doggedly energetic 

-reports a 10-year rule: A common ingredient of expert performance
Sternberg's three intelligences
Analytically (academic problem solving) intelligence: asserted by traditional intelligence test, which present well-defined problems having a single right answer. Such tests predict school grades reasonably well and vocational success more modestly
Creative Intelligence: demonstrated in reacting adaptively to novel situations and generating novel ideas. Many inventions result from such creative problem solving
Practical Intelligence: required for everyday tasks, which may be ill-defined, with multiple solutions. Managerial success, for example, depends less on academic problem-solving skills than on a shrewd ability to manage oneself, one's tasks, and other people
-Gardner and Sternberg agree that multiple abilities can contribute to life success
Emotional Intelligence
-distinct academic= social intel. know how to be involved in successfully comprehending social situations 

John Mayer, Salovey + Caruso= emotional
-Self-esteem + optimism
 socially + self-aware
-knowing what to say to a grieving friend
-less matter of conscious effort than ones processing emotion info
=better performance
-brain damage like tumor remove impact this
-not everything we prize= intelligence
Brain Size Complexity 
-By nonbrain sibs norm 3 pounds 
bigger= better 
-frontal and partial lobes make efficient communication between brain centers 

-Binet-Simon Scale 
-Invented the first practical intelligence test 
-Goal was to identify students who needed special help 

-Helped the gift students (use of APA test) 
1st US standard test- Stanford-Binet 
William Stern 
-IQ (intelligence Quotient) 

-Measured human intelligence such as reasoning, word fluency, and verbal comprehension (bell curve)
How to find IQ
mental age/ Chronological age X 100
100 is the normal score
110-119: bright normal
120-129: superior
130 is very superior
150 and above is truly gifted
The Low Extreme
IQ score below 70
Intellectual Disability
1% of population
2 times more males
Mild: 50-69
Moderate: 35-49
Severe: 20-34
Profound: 40
Standardization: comparability (against others score)
Visual-Spatial
People with high visual-spatial or visual intelligence can easily see the big picture (modify surrounds based on their perceptions)
good with remember faces, little details and images
-Photographer
-Landscape Architect
-Graphic designer
-Artist
-Engineer
What end of the spectrum does Kim Peek belong in?
Low end
-Kim is mentally disabled
-His brain is incredible and genius
-His mind is brilliant, he loves knowledge
--People underestimated Kim as a baby and wanted to put him in a mental institution
-people said he will never be able to walk or talk, he was very introverted as a child
-Kim still has bad coordination
-he was not supposed to live past 14 and now he is 54 and a celebrity
-Kim has superior Audi biographical memory
-Kim still needs his father's help to live his everyday life
-reads left page of book with left eye and right page with right eye (read a page in 8 seconds) but he can not do mathematical and logical problem solving
How and why we currently assess intelligence?
-aptitude test
-achievement tests
Aptitude= Tests that predict abilities (ACT and SAT)
Achievement= Tests that reflect what you currently know (Finals and Unit Exams)
Divergent Thinking vs. Creativity
-not the same thing
-divergent thinking deteriorates as we get older because we are taught to have more narrow thinking
-creativity is defined by a new idea that has value
-Collaboration is so important to these process and creating experience
Convergent Thinking: the process of finding a single best solution to a problem that you are trying to solve
Divergent Thinking: the process of creating many unique solutions in order to solve a problem