The Science of Literacy for MLLs by EKC

Claude Goldenberg

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Elsa Cardenas Hagan

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"You can't intervene your way out of a tier 1 problem"

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If the core instructional resources don't support the learning and progress of the majority of students (including but not limited to our multilingual learners), interventions will not remove the barrier. Change must happen at the tier 1 level in order for EAL support and tiers 2 & 3 to have the intended impact!

Claude Goldenberg's Evaluation of the UoS for EL Suppports

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Curriculum Evaluation (see specific elements for MLLs tied to research screenshot in other sections)

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Q & A w/ Shanahan

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EL Recommendations

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Screen for reading problems and monitor progress (using same measures as mononlingual peers, should also assess in home language—see note under assessment column)
Provide intensive small group reading interventions
Provide extensive and varied vocabulary instruction
Develop academic English
Schedule regular peer-assisted learning opportunities

Phoneme Comparisons

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Explicit Instruction

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Phonemes of English (5 min)

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Phrasing Activities

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Fast Phrase
Phrase Haste
Fleeting Phrases
Phrasing Progression

Phrasing Within Text

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Walks In the Park
A Day at the Zoo
Stew's Ready
Harry's Hiccups + Cooking Up Trouble
Sam's Day Outside + Feline Flees (students mark chunks/phrases)

Translanguaging Guides

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especially this one!

School Culture Around Translanguaging Scales

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Multilingual Ecology
Multilingualism as a Resource

both adapted from CUNY NYSEIB's Leadership doc

Extend

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-explain decodable vocab/dictation words in the moment:

quick, kid-friendly definition
connect to a picture/gesture when possible
connect to home language when possible
quick turn-and-talk to try using if the word will come up again
move on!

Fluency Scale

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Can We Really Teach Prosody and Why Would We Want To?

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"Remember, the point of all of this is to make the reading sound meaningful. If students can convert the words on the page into sentences that sound meaningful, they will then be on their way to fuller comprehension and better reading."

Screening

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"These criterion-related validity studies are particularly important because another set of studies has investigated whether English learners can attain rates of reading growth comparable with those of their monolingual peers. These studies have demonstrated that English learners can learn to read in English at the same rate as their peers in the primary grades (K-2)."

Progress Monitoring

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"Depending on resources, districts should consider collecting progress monitoring data more than three times a year for English learners at risk for reading problems. The severity of the problem should dictate how often progress is monitored - weekly or biweekly for students at high risk of reading problems."

Tier 2

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differentiated, high-quality language and literacy instruction with varying levels of intensity;
a focus on social (BICS) and academic language development (CALP)
educator knowledge of the second-language acquisition process and the role of native and English language proficiency in reading achievement
data-informed, appropriate instructional adjustments

An Introduction

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Example Lesson w/ MLL supports: G1

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(would need to incorporate more translanguaging opportunities--multilingual objectives/review, vocab in home language possibly in semantic web, turn and talks in home language)

See sight recognition section as well

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ELLs may be able to read the words but it doesn't mean they will understand the text. They may not be aware of information that the author left unsaid; the information that "everyone knows." (global inferences)

This requires intentional instruction and support.

Reading League's EL/EB Resources--a treasure trove to help get started!

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It is, however, widely understood that skilled reading requires both word recognition and language comprehension for all students, with additional English language development to support comprehension for our EL/EB students.

Decodable Reader Protocol w/ EL notes

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Assessment in Home Language

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If you have staff members who can assess the student in their home language AND you don't have a formal assessment tool for word recognition, language, or reading comprehension in the home language:

look at student's ability to fluently decode texts in L1
assess listening comprehension of a text, their vocabulary use, and verbal reasoning in conversational turn-taking

If you don't have staff members who can assess the student in their home language:

ask the student's caregiver(s) about the above skills
possibly coach the caregiver to:
- listen to the student read and ask them if reading is fluent (accurate, good rate, prosodic for that language)
- read a passage aloud to the student in the home language and then have a conversation asking the student to summarize, discuss vocabulary, and predict or ask questions of the text to show verbal reasoning

Use this data to inform whether the student will need more support with TRANSFER from the home language or EXPLICIT NEW TEACHING in English in the subskills of the reading rope depending on their current levels in their home language

Contrastive Analysis Example: Vietnamese

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Lean on ChatGPT and Difference or Disorder by Kester to support!

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Current Assessment & MLL Intervention Evaluation Tool

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Look-fors for Co-teaching

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Co-teaching Rubric

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EAL Teacher Checklist

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Type student names in boxes at the top

Translanguaging for Educators, Q&A w/ Dr. Garcia

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6 Co-teaching Models

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Consider vocabulary work, lang structure/syntax, and multilingual graphic organizers as well

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DRAFT Translanguaging+ SOR Unit Planner

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See writing sections as well

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Specific Article Re: UoS Writing for MLLs

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An AMAZING Webinar about Teaching Word Recognition in a Bilingual Context

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Though it says Spanish literacy, this is a must-watch for anyone hoping to promote biliteracy

Sentence Cohesion

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Cohesive Ties/Pronoun Work

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Unit Planner

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Language Comprehension Planning Exemplar

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Adapted PLUSS Framework for MLL Planning

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Mirrors, Windows, & Sliding Glass Doors

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Language Inventories from ASHA

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Analyses of Some Common Languages

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from this incredibly useful PDF from my home state!

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Multilingual Ecology Scales

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The Brain Dictionary

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