Are minorities targeted for IEPs? by Samantha Luna https://padlet.com/samantha_luna3/tpj3xcd7mm1q8nvc personal inquiry and resource share en-us 2020-10-05 12:49:40 UTC 2020-11-30 17:03:39 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/2754.png 5 things to know about racial and ethnic disparities in special education samantha_luna3 https://padlet.com/samantha_luna3/tpj3xcd7mm1q8nvc/wish/815645478 1. There are wide disparities in disability identification by race and ethnicity 
2. Many children of color with disabilities experience segregated education system
3. In a single year, 1 in 5 black, American Indian, and multiracial boys with disabilities were suspended in school
4. IDEA provisions intended to address racial and ethnic disparities are underused 
5. Greater flexibility to implement comprehensive, coordinated early intervening services (CEIS) may help school districts address special education disparities, and improve academic outcomes for children of color with disabilities]]> 2020-10-08 23:26:05 UTC https://padlet.com/samantha_luna3/tpj3xcd7mm1q8nvc/wish/815645478 Other Direction? samantha_luna3 https://padlet.com/samantha_luna3/tpj3xcd7mm1q8nvc/wish/858066368 An article written in 2019, comparing black vs white students in the same socio-economic status instead of everyone grouped together. They did a study across 11 southern states and found that black students are 44% more likely than the white students to receive special education. BUT when considered factors other than race (similar family income, academic achievement and school characteristics) they found that black students have 45 percent lower odds of receiving special education services than white students. 

"When Morgan compares children with the same family income, academic performance and other characteristics, he finds that children of color are less likely to receive special education services than similar white children."]]> 2020-10-24 14:24:03 UTC https://padlet.com/samantha_luna3/tpj3xcd7mm1q8nvc/wish/858066368 Disproportionality samantha_luna3 https://padlet.com/samantha_luna3/tpj3xcd7mm1q8nvc/wish/858087723 Disproportionality is defined as “the presence of students from a specific group in an educational program being higher or lower than one would expect based on their representation in the general population of students.”

Quick facts on what disproportionality is, disproportionality in Special Education, disproportionality in school discipline, and culturally responsive solutions. 
]]> 2020-10-24 14:47:30 UTC https://padlet.com/samantha_luna3/tpj3xcd7mm1q8nvc/wish/858087723 Racial Disparities and Government Involvement samantha_luna3 https://padlet.com/samantha_luna3/tpj3xcd7mm1q8nvc/wish/858097964 School districts are required by IDEA to get involved if the answer is "yes" to any of the following questions...
"three key questions:
  • Are certain groups of kids identified for special education or identified with particular types of disabilities at different rates?
  • Are kids of different racial groups placed in more restrictive class settings, like separate classrooms or schools, at different rates than others?
  • Are kids of different racial and ethnic groups disciplined more often and/or more harshly than others?"
]]> 2020-10-24 14:58:29 UTC https://padlet.com/samantha_luna3/tpj3xcd7mm1q8nvc/wish/858097964 Early Childhood samantha_luna3 https://padlet.com/samantha_luna3/tpj3xcd7mm1q8nvc/wish/859972859 A professor at PSU discusses that a students socioeconomic status is the key factor in their success. Students that begin school at a disadvantage (due to poverty and lack of early childhood programs) are more likely to be diagnosed with a learning disability. The professor goes on to say that more needs to be invested into early childhood programming to give the students that are at a socioeconomic disadvantage a better start. 

"The way learning disabilities are diagnosed is basically based on academic achievement," Shifrer said. "But education performance is a measure of a lot of things -- partly your brain, but it's also the things you're experiencing in your home, in your neighborhood, in your schools."]]> 2020-10-25 23:10:20 UTC https://padlet.com/samantha_luna3/tpj3xcd7mm1q8nvc/wish/859972859 Nuanced Findings samantha_luna3 https://padlet.com/samantha_luna3/tpj3xcd7mm1q8nvc/wish/860013826 Article with various charts and graphs showing the statistics on different topics related to special education, statistics on race and percentage in special education, and demographics of special education teachers.

Article also asks, are schools over identifying minority students?
Answer: "Federal law requires that states monitor their districts for overidentifying students with disabilities. Several studies have found that minority students are actually being underidentified for disabilities. But some new studies are uncovering more nuanced findings, suggesting that minority students are overidentified in some contexts, and underidentified in others" and provides links for further reading on the matter. ]]> 2020-10-25 23:44:27 UTC https://padlet.com/samantha_luna3/tpj3xcd7mm1q8nvc/wish/860013826 Harvard Podcast samantha_luna3 https://padlet.com/samantha_luna3/tpj3xcd7mm1q8nvc/wish/861668165 Special education expert, Laura Schifter, talks about the process of referral for special education, IDEA, and what policies are in place to prevent disproportionality. She discusses the need for appropriate identification of special education, and how after low income students are identified they are more likely to be segregated and not inclusive.

"one of the things that we saw is that low income students were much more likely to be identified in categories like emotional disability and intellectual disability" ]]> 2020-10-26 13:42:23 UTC https://padlet.com/samantha_luna3/tpj3xcd7mm1q8nvc/wish/861668165 Race, health, and school demographics samantha_luna3 https://padlet.com/samantha_luna3/tpj3xcd7mm1q8nvc/wish/861817191 A study on the link between health backgrounds and special education. It discusses that birth records and health backgrounds can determine whether or not a child will receive special education later on. Any child with, for example, fetal alcohol syndrome, will most likely receive special education. Due to socioeconomic status are minorities more likely to have more severe health issues? 
The study also links race and school demographics to minorities getting placed in special education. 

“'Our findings suggest that schools are more likely to incorrectly say a student has disabilities when he or she is racially different from the student body as a whole,' Imberman said"

links original study PDF ]]> 2020-10-26 14:13:31 UTC https://padlet.com/samantha_luna3/tpj3xcd7mm1q8nvc/wish/861817191 Teachers race vs special education samantha_luna3 https://padlet.com/samantha_luna3/tpj3xcd7mm1q8nvc/wish/862045292 An extremely interesting study with the hypothesis' of  "Students in schools with higher proportions of teachers of color will have reduced odds of special education receipt" and "Students of color attending schools with more teachers of color will experience lower odds of special education receipt". Through research, both hypothesis were proven to be incorrect. With the presence of colored teacher, minority students have a higher chance of being identified for special education because they are more likely to view low performance as a serious problem and not just a stereotype. 

"This may suggest in line with 
existing research on bias in teachers’ expectations of students  that they are being held to lower expectations than their White peers and are therefore generally less likely than White students to be referred for special education testing" 
]]> 2020-10-26 14:59:02 UTC https://padlet.com/samantha_luna3/tpj3xcd7mm1q8nvc/wish/862045292 samantha_luna3 https://padlet.com/samantha_luna3/tpj3xcd7mm1q8nvc/wish/862244118 2020-10-26 15:38:07 UTC https://padlet.com/samantha_luna3/tpj3xcd7mm1q8nvc/wish/862244118