Pilkington, at mombasa is based on a real person named William Pilkington

Pilkington, at Mombasa, had produced individuals who were sexually mature at four and full grown at six and a half. A scientific triumph. But socially useless. Six-year-old men and women were too stupid to do even Epsilon work. And the process was an all-or-nothing one; either you failed to modify at all, or else you modified the whole way. They were still trying to find the ideal compromise between adults of twenty and adults of six. So far without success. Mr Foster sighed and shook his head.

("Brave New World")

Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) was an Italian politician, leader of the Nationalist Fascist Party, and was a key leader in the creation of fascism. He took his power and created a one-party dictatorship. In World War II when the French surrendered, under his rule, Italy was able to gain more territory. Italian forces did not accept German proposals for peace. The war continued.

Herbert Hoover (1874-1964) was the 31st President of the United States. He was known for his humanitarian relief during war time. During the Wall Street Cash of 1929, he tried to assist by making the Hoover dam and creating tariffs like the Smoot-Hawley Tariff.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Alfred_Mond.jpg

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was an officer in the Ottoman army through WWI. After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire he became an influential political figure and led the Turkish movement and was the first president of Turkey. He issued many reforms and helped to create the modern Turkey.

Picture of Tawaguchi: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Ekai_Kawaguchi_by_Zaida_Ben-Yusuf%2C_c1899.jpg

Picture of Pfitzner: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Hans_Pfitzner_by_Wanda_von_Debschitz-Kunowski%2C_ca_1910.jpg

Shmoop Editorial Team. "Tools of Characterization in Brave New World."Shmoop.com. Shmoop University, Inc., 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 21 Apr. 2014.

Picture of Mikhail Bakunin: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bakunin_Nadar.jpg/449px-Bakunin_Nadar.jpg

Picture of George Herbert:

http://www.poetryfoundation.org/uploads/authors/george-herbert/448x/xgeorge-herbert.jpg.pagespeed.ic.V2qYRpBvKp.jpg

Jean-Jacques Rousseau: He was a Genevan writer and philosopher whose works of political commentary greatly influenced the French Revolution. He is considered to be a key writer of the French Enlightenment in the 18th century. He argued for things like civility in society, kindness to one another, teaching morals to children, and freedom of choice. He often criticized the government and society itself, which would get his works banned in France and himself kicked out.

Huxley has a name that relates to the Community and Fordism for all of these characters to help the readers see the meaning in this whole book.

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was an officer in the Ottoman army through WWI. After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire he became an influential political figure and led the Turkish movement and was the first president of Turkey. He issued many reforms and helped to create the modern Turkey.

Engels was born in Germany in 1820. He worked alongside Karl Marx on a couple books. He was considered to be “one of the major contributors to the foundation of modern communism” (www.egs.edu). Some of his most famous works are Socialism: Utopian and Scientific and Herr Eugen Duhring's Revolution in Science. After Karl Marx died, Engels still carried on Marx’s legacy as the first Marxist. 

Sarojini Engels:

Huxley used part of this name for his character because Engels had a lot of similar ideas about utopias, as well as the relationship with Marx. Socialism: Utopian and Scientific was written in 1880, so its possible that Huxley read that book and was influenced by Engels.

Sarojini Naidu:

Naidu was born in India in 1879. She was the first female president of the Indian National Congress. Naidu was a poet in her younger years. She met Mahatma Ghandi while studying in England. Some of her most famous collections of poetry are  "The Bird of Time" and "The Broken Wings" (www.culturalindia.net). She later became the first female Governor of Uttar Pradesh.

Sarojini Engels:

Even though she was a minor character, Huxley most likely used part of Naidu's name because she was an important and powerful leader in her time. He may have been inspired by her freedom fighting as well as her poetry.

Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) was an Italian politician, leader of the Nationalist Fascist Party, and was a key leader in the creation of fascism. He took his power and created a one-party dictatorship. In World War II he allied Nazi Germany and Japan.

(http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/mussolini_benito.shtml)

http://fascistitaly.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/benito-mussolini1.jpeg

Herbert Hoover (1874-1964) was the 31st President of the United States. He was known for his humanitarian relief during war time. During the Wall Street Crash of 1929, he tried to assist by making the Hoover dam and creating tariffs like the Smoot-Hawley Tariff.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/HerbertHoover.jpg

Helmholtz Watson is a main character in Brave New World. He’s brought into the story when Bernard seeks for Helmholtz’s guidance. In Brave New World, Helmholtz is a “handsome and successful Alpha-plus lecturer at the College of Emotional Engineering” (Who's Who). Helmholtz Watson’s name is made from Hermann von Helmholtz, a German scientist, and John Broadus Watson, an American psychologist.

Hermann von Helmholtz is known his paper called “On the Conservation of Force”, “it provided one of the first, and certainly the clearest, statements of the principle of the conservation of energy” (Britannica). Huxley used his name because most of the ideals of Brave New World’s society is based off of science and because Helmholtz was a famous scientist.

John Broadus Watson was known for his behaviorist ideas in psychology. Huxley chose his last name because Watson is known for applying Behaviorism to psychology. Operant conditioning is used frequently on the children of Brave New World in order to make all of them act the same and in unison.

Using John B. Watson’s last name appeared to be a very obvious choice due to his line of work, but the choice of Hermann von Helmholtz isn’t as clear. It may have been his paper on the law of conservation of energy that made Huxley want to use his name because in Brave New World when someone has died, they burn the body and use the phosphorus gases as energy. This illustrates the law because the first law of conservation of energy is that energy that is taken in must be equal to the energy that comes out.

The photo is of Hermann von Helmholtz and here's a link of John B. Watson: http://www.nndb.com/people/078/000030985/john-b-watson-1-sized.jpg