The Dutch colonized Java, a part of Indonesia. The Dutch wanted to have more goods and products such as spices. Throughout 300 years, the Dutch took over the Indonesia. The Dutch subdued Indonesia, Indonesians had to bow down to the Dutch authority. The Dutch had more power than the Indonesians in their own country. After 300 colonizing Indonesia, Indonesia was able to fight back against the Dutch and Indonesia gained their independence from the Dutch.

Cause/Effect:

Despite the colonization, there were positive influences from the Dutch that can still be seen in Indonesia now. Some of the influences are the language, cuisine, and culture. There are a few Dutch words that Indonesians use now. Indonesians also have been influenced a few of the Dutch food. The Dutch also have influenced Christianity to Indonesia. There were some Dutch missionaries during the colonization and that started the growth of Christianity and Churches in Indonesia.

The Communist Party in Indonesia (PKI) decided to capture and execute 6 Indonesian generals. The communist party wanted to take power in Indonesia's military but the party failed to

Cause/Effect:

Due to the coup, that Indonesia's economy was not in a good state. Sukarno was overthrown from his Presidential role and was replaced by Suharto. Another effect that the coup caused was that there is a bit of negativity towards muslims and communists.

Reference:

Salsabila, Salsabilla Tantina Sari, Sarila Fatimah Rusvianna, Syaffrina Fadhilatul Nikmah, Wida Dwi Novita & Wildan Ibn. (2018). CROCODILE HOLE DEATH WELL. S-1 Historical Education. https://sejarah.fkip.uns.ac.id/en/2024/08/02/sumur-maut-lubang-buaya/

Cribb, R. (2015, September 30). Behind the coup that backfired: the demise of Indonesia’s Communist Party. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/behind-the-coup-that-backfired-the-demise-of-indonesias-communist-party-47640

From 1942 - 1945, Japan overtook the Indonesian islands. After sometime of negotiating and fighting, Japan surrendered.

Cause/Effect:

Indonesia was able to gain independence from the countries. The Dutch was able to surrender their authority.

Reference:

Bureau, U. C. (2022, August 17). Indonesia Independence Day (1945): August 17, 2021. Census.gov. https://www.census.gov/newsroom/stories/indonesia-independence-day.html

There were changes between the dollar and yen trade, which caused a havoc in the economy trade worldwide. The Indonesian currency (Rupiah) goes down and Indonesia faces recession. This recession changed the cost of rice (Indonesia's staple).

Cause/Effect:

The change in economy costed the loss of jobs for many, poverty, and malnutrition. Businesses lost their fortune and financial security.

Reference:

IMF Staff. (1998, June). The Asian Crisis: Causes and Cures. Finance and Development | F&D; International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1998/06/imfstaff.htm

Vito, Y. (2024, June 19). Revisiting The Past: Analyzing Indonesia’s 1998 Monetary Crisis. Modern Diplomacy. https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2024/06/19/revisiting-the-past-analyzing-indonesias-1998-monetary-crisis/

In a bar in Kuta, Bali; there was a suicide bomber carrying a backpack that had a device hidden with a bomb. After the suicide bomber triggered the bomb, seconds later a car exploded outside of another club in Kuta. This bomb in the car caused a big explosion which created a shock wave throughout that area of Bali.

Cause/Effect:

This costed the life of 202 deaths, 209 injured, and 15 severely burned. Due to the bombings, Australia decided to help Indonesia with security, military, and police.

Reference:

Chim, H., Yew, W., & Song, C. (2007). Managing burn victims of suicide bombing attacks: Outcomes, lessons learnt, and changes made from three attacks in indonesia. Critical Care, 11(1), R15. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc5681

Dobell, G. (2023, January 15). The Indonesia effect: the Bali Process and Bali bombings. The Strategist. https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/the-indonesia-effect-the-bali-process-and-bali-bombings/

An earthquake was happening near the Sumatra Islands. Aceh was near the epicenter of the earthquake, which caused a tsunami and affected Aceh. However, it not only affected Aceh. This natural disaster affected other countries such as Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, and Myanmar.

Cause/Effect:

This natural disaster had caused a change in the Earth's mass as it changed the Earth's rotation. It also affected the lives of many communities. The earthquake and tsunami took out homes, business, and communities. Thankfully, many organizations helped those affected by donating and by building shelters for those who lost their homes.

Reference:

Reid, K. (2019, December 26). 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami: Facts, FAQs, and how to help. World Vision; World vision. https://www.worldvision.org/disaster-relief-news-stories/2004-indian-ocean-earthquake-tsunami-facts

Jokowi is one of the few presidents who came from a less fortunate background. He was voted as Indonesia's 7th president. He has become Indonesia's president for the past 10 years. From 2014 - 2024. He was elected twice as president consistently defeating Prabowo as a candidate.

Cause/Effect:

Jokowi's role as president, he has done great things for the country. He has helped increase indonesia's GDP and a boost in Indonesian infrastructure. He also helped Indonesia gain more global recognition.

Reference:

Ng, K. (2019, April 17). Profile: Joko Widodo. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-28422179