The continuous war and famine on-going in Somalia increase the population of the Dadaab refugee camp each year causing the people being overpopulated

Benefits:
As Somalia continues to face multiple challenges, including political insecurity, conflict, and climate emergencies. UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, is on the ground delivering lifesaving aid such as shelter, water, sanitation facilities, nutrition, healthcare, cash assistance and protection to people forced to flee their homes (UNHCR). Ethiopia, Kenya, and Yemen have a long-standing history of welcoming refugees that are able to access national education system and obtain land for others.

https://storymaps.esri.com/stories/2016/refugee-camps/

In 2022, more than 600,000 people were internally displaced due to conflict and insecurity. These conflict and insecurities are a threat to security and peace due to major impediments to humanitarian in Somalia. This is considered an environmental settlement activity because of the poor governance causing large numbers of civilians displaced and warlords diverted food laid. 

Now that people are in danger, the main incentives are to find food and shelter, escape deadly climate change areas

and violence caused by the war.

Nearly 260,000 people died during the famine that hit Somalia from 2010 to 2012, a study shows. Half of them were children under the age of five, says the report by the UN and the US-funded Famine Early Warning Systems Network (Fews Net) 

Sexual violence and abuse occur in Dadaab refugee camps very often. In the year of the early 2000s, study shows that 47% of women accessing the GBV centres for case management reported experiencing intimate partner violence and 39% reported experiencing non-partner violence 

These settlement activities are all considered cultural because as the civil war already broke out over 30 years, the Somali communities benefit more from modern society as they are migrating to their final location. This shows that they are starting to contact with foreign cultures. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_diaspora#:~:text=The%20civil%20war%20in%20Somalia,pockets%20of%20Europe%20and%20Asia.

They have differences in education level – refugees are more often found among the less educated, whose employment rate is far below average.

Benefits:
The Somali refugees are separated from intense climate change, there is no need to worry about drought, flooding, and locust infestations that have been forcibly displacing weather stability with extreme temperatures.